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Efficient transport pricing-why,what,and when?

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Communications in Transportation Research 2021年第1期1卷 31-38页

作者： jonas Eliasson Linköping University Swedish National Transport AdministrationSweden

Striking a balance between societal benefits and costs of transportation lies at the heart of transport planning and transport systems *** transport and urbanization enable the many benefits of modern socieities through specialization of labour,production and lifestyles-but these trends simultaneously increase the drawbacks of transportation,such as carbon emissions,congestion,noise and air quality *** developments and improved infrastrastructure can help reduce these drawbacks,but they do not solve the fundamental problem that those reaping the benefits of transport-travellers,firms,customers-do not perceive the full social costs of *** balance transport costs and benefits,efficient pricing is *** a wealth of theoretical arguments,technical developments and substantial practical experience,efficient transport pricing is still *** on the example of urban congestion pricing,this paper summarizes why transport pricing is needed,lessons learnt from practical experience,and what the main obstacles *** two most important obstacles seem to be political power struggles between different levels of governments,and that even if total social gains vastly exceed total social losses,the losses tend to be more salient;losers tend to be easy to identify,while winners tend to be more dispersed and perhaps only exist in the future.

关键词： Congestion charges Road pricing Congestion pricing Intelligent transportation systems

Climate change and preservation of minority languages in the upper regions of Ghana:A systematic review

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2022年第2期20卷 177-189页

作者： Michael Addaney Stella Afi Makafui Yegblemenawo jonas Ayaribilla Akudugu Mavis Antiri Kodua Department of Planning and Sustainability of University of Energy and Natural Resources SunyaniGhana Department of Language and Communication Sciences of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology KumasiGhana

A well-recognized fact is that addressing the impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities and minority groups remains a central focus toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals,specifically Goals 11 and *** for effective adaptation to climate change through national and local efforts fundamentally aim to create environmentally sustainable,socially inclusive,and economically vibrant *** paper associates the impacts of climate change to the preservation of threatened minority languages in semi-arid areas in Northern *** review relies on primary and secondary sources on climate-induced migration,minority languages,and threats of language loss through a keyword search followed by rigorous content *** study confirms that forced displacement due to harsh climatic and other environmental conditions is currently occurring in the upper regions(Upper East and Upper West Regions)of Ghana with minority linguistic groups being forced to migrate to the southern part of the country,where their culture and language are threatened due to large linguistic *** literature well establishes the north-south mobility with various debates on its root ***,the phenomenon is understudied along with the lack of specific national strategies for addressing it and the associated language ***,the need emerges for further studies to enhance the current understanding of the phenomenon to inform policy interventions and protect minority languages threatened by climate-induced *** focus on an understudied subject and geographic scope makes the findings extremely relevant for the expansion of knowledge on internal migration in the context of climate change in Northern Ghana.

关键词： Climate changecondition Climate migration Minority languages Semi-arid Ghana Threatened languages

Microwave characterization of two Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_(3) dielectric thin films with out-of-plane and in-plane electrode structures

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先进陶瓷(英文) 2023年第8期12卷 1521-1532页

作者： hanchi Ruan Theo Graves Saunders henry Giddens hangfeng Zhang Achintha Avin Ihalage jonas Florentin Kolb Matthew Blunt Sajad haq haixue Yan Yang hao School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK Department of Chemistry University College LondonLondon WC1H 0AJUK Advanced Services and Products QinetiQFarnborough GU140LXUK

Ferroelectric(FE)thin films have recently attracted renewed interest in research due to their great potential for designing novel tunable electromagnetic devices such as large intelligent surfaces(LISs).however,the mechanism of how a polar structure in the FE thin films contributes to desired tunable performance,especially within the microwave frequency range,which is the most widely used frequency range of electromagnetics,has not been illustrated *** this paper,we described several straightforward and cost-effective methods to fabricate and characterize Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_(3)(BST)thin films at microwave *** prepared BST thin films here exhibit homogenous structures and great tunability(h)in a wide frequency and temperature range when the applied field is in the out-of-plane *** high tunability can be attributed to high concentration of polar *** response to the applied direct current(DC)field was directly visualized using a novel non-destructive near-field scanning microwave microscopy(NSMM)*** results have provided some intriguing insights into the application of the FE thin films for future programmable high-frequency devices and systems.

关键词： ferroelectric(FE) microwave tunability polarization thin film

Metastatic multifocal melanoma of multiple organ systems:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第28期10卷 10136-10145页

作者： Vaidota Maksimaityte Rosita Reivytyte Gabriele Milaknyte Ugnius Mickys Gintare Razanskiene Domantas Stundys Edita Kazenaite jonas Valantinas Ieva Stundiene Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of MedicineVilnius UniversityVilnius 01513Lithuania Faculty of Medicine Vilnius UniversityVilnius 01513Lithuania Institute of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of MedicineVilnius UniversityVilnius 01513Lithuania

BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is becoming more common among middle-aged individuals all over the *** metastasis can be found in various organs,although metastases to the spleen and stomach are *** we present a rare metastatic multifocal melanoma,clinically and histologically mimicking lymphoma,with metastases of multiple *** SUMMARY A 46-year-old Caucasian male with a history of nodular cutaneous malignant melanoma was presented with nausea,general weakness,shortness of breath,abdominal enlargement,and night *** abdominal ultrasound revealed enlarged liver and spleen with multiple *** tomography demonstrated multiple lesions in the lungs,liver,spleen,subcutaneous tissue,bones and a pathological lymphadenopathy of the *** biopsy and the biopsy from the enlarged lymph node were *** cells showed diffuse or partial positivity for melanocytic markers,such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor,S100,hMB45 and *** tumor harbored BRAF V600E mutation,demonstrated by immunohistochemical labelling for BRAF V600E and detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction *** combined all the findings,a diagnosis was made of a metastatic multifocal melanoma of the stomach,duodenum,liver,spleen,lungs,lymph nodes and *** patient refused treatment and died a week *** This case report highlights the clinical relevance of rare metastatic multifocal melanoma of multiple organ systems.

关键词： Metastatic melanoma Gastrointestinal tract Nodular Multifocal BRAF V600E Case report

Surveillance of arthropod-borne viruses in Benin,West Africa 2020–2021:detection of dengue virus 3 in Aedes aegypti(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Military Medical Research 2023年第5期10卷 730-732页

作者： Carine Tchibozo Gildas hounkanrin Anges Yadouleton Alexandra Bialonski Eric Agboli Renke Luhken jonas Schmidt‑Chanasit hanna Jost Laboratory of Viral haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses of Benin 01BP 918CotonouBenin Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou 01BP 918CotonouBenin Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou National Universityof ScienceTechnologyEngineering and MathematicsAbomeyBenin Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine WHO Collaborating Centrefor Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research20359 Ham‑burgGermany University of health and Allied Sciences PMB 31HoGhana Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and Natural SciencesUniversitat Hamburg22609 HamburgGermany

Dear Editor,Dengue virus(DENV,family Flaviviridae,genus Flavivirus)serotypes 1 to 4(DENV-1,-2,-3,and-4)are responsible for more than 100 million infections per year *** of DENV infection can be diverse,reaching from a... 详细信息

关键词： Dengue virus Arbovirus Mosquitoes Aedes aegypti Benin

Texturing and evaluation of concrete pavement surface:A state-of-the-art review

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道路工程学报(英文) 2023年第3期3卷 252-265页

作者： Zhen Leng Zepeng Fan Pengfei Liu jonas Kollmann Markus Oeser Dawei Wang Xi Jiang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina School of Transportation Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Institute of highway Engineering RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen D52074Germany

Concrete pavement is accompanied by two major functional properties,namely noise emission and friction,which are closely related to pavement surface *** several technologies have been developed to mitigate tirepavement noise and improve driving friction by surface texturization,limited information is available to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different surface *** this study,a state-of-the-art and state-of-thepractice review is conducted to investigate the noise reduction and friction improvement technologies for concrete pavement *** commonly used tests for characterizing the surface texture,skid resistance,and noise emission of concrete pavement were first ***,the texturing methods for both fresh and hardened concrete pavement surfaces were discussed,and the friction,noise emission and durability performances of various surface textures were *** is found that the next generation concrete surface(NGCS)texture generally provides the best noise emission performance and excellent friction *** exposed aggregate concrete(EAC)and optimized diamond grinding textures are also promising ***,the technical parameters for the application of both diamond grinding and diamond grinding&grooving textures were recommended based on the authors'research and practical experience in Germany and the *** study offers a convenient reference to the pavement researchers and engineers who seek to quickly understand relevant knowledge and choose the most appropriate surface textures for concrete pavements.

关键词： Concrete pavement Surface texture Friction Noise emission Diamond grinding&grooving

Sex differences in injury rates in team-sport athletes:A systematic review and meta-regression analysis

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2022年第1期11卷 104-114页

作者： Astrid Zech Karsten hollander Astrid Junge Simon Steib Andreas Groll jonas heiner Florian Nowak Daniel P.feiffer Anna Lina Rahlf Department of human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena 07749Germany MSh Medical School hamburg Hamburg 20457Germany Swiss Concussion Center Schulthess KlinikZürich 8008Switzerland Department of human Movement Training and Active AgingHeidelberg UniversityHeidelberg 69117Germany Department of Statistics Technical University of DortmundDortmund 44227Germany Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine Institute of Human Movement ScienceUniversity of HamburgHamburg 20146Germany

Background:Team-sport players have a particularly high injury *** female sex is considered a risk factor,it is still unknown whether female and male team-sport players,in fact,differ in their injury *** aimed to compare injury rates between female and male players by systematically reviewing and meta-analyzing injury surveillance studies of both sexes in order to evaluate sex-specific differences in team-sport ***:Studies that prospectively collected injury data for high-level female and male players(age≥16 years)in basketball,field hockey,football(soccer),handball,rugby(union and sevens),and volleyball were *** reviewers(AZ and ALR)independently assessed study quality and extracted data for overall,match,training,and severe injuries(>28 days’time loss)as well as data regarding injury locations and *** rate ratios(IRRs)were pooled in a meta-analysis,and meta-regression analysis was performed when 10 or more studies were ***:Of 20 studies,9 studies reported injury data from football,3 studies from rugby,3 studies from handball,1 study from basketball,1 study from field hockey,2 studies from volleyball,and 1 study from basketball and field *** overall injuries,the pooled IRR=0.86(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.76-0.98)indicated significantly more injuries in male than in female *** injury location,the pooled IRR showed higher injury rates in male athletes than in female athletes for upper extremity,hip/groin,thigh,ande foot *** players had a significantly higher rate of anterior cruciate ligament injuries(IRR=2.15,95%CI:1.27-3.62)than male *** significant sex-specific differences in IRR were found for match,training,severe injuries,concussions,or ankle ***:Our meta-analysis provides evidence for sex-specific differences in the injury rates in team *** epidemiological studies including both sexes in sports other than football are needed in order t

关键词： Athletes Female Injuries Male Team sports

Advances in myopia research anatomical findings in highly myopic eyes

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Eye and Vision 2020年第1期7卷 434-443页

作者： Jost B.jonas Ya Xing Wang Li Dong Yin Guo Songhomitra Panda-jonas Department of Ophthalmology Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karis-UniversityUniversitäts-AugenklinikTheodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-368167 MannheimGermany Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing Institute of OphthalmologyBeijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key LabBeijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and TreatmentBeijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Tongren Eye Care Center Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Background:The goal of this review is to summarize structural and anatomical changes associated with high *** text:Axial elongation in myopic eyes is associated with retinal thinning and a reduced density of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells in the equatorial *** of the retina and choriocapillaris and RPE cell density in the macula are independent of axial *** and scleral thickness decrease with longer axial length in the posterior hemisphere of the eye,most marked at the posterior *** any eye region,thickness of Bruch’s membrane(BM)is independent of axial *** opening,as the inner layer of the optic nerve head layers,is shifted in temporal direction in moderately elongated eyes(axial lengthhanging of BM into the intrapapillary compartment at the nasal optic disc side,and to an absence of BM at the temporal disc *** lack of BM at the temporal disc side is the histological equivalent of parapapillary gamma *** zone is defined as the parapapillary region without *** highly myopic eyes(axial length>26.5 mm),BM opening enlarges with longer axial *** leads to a circular gamma *** a parallel manner,the peripapillary scleral flange and the lamina cribrosa get longer and thinner with longer axial length in highly myopic *** elongated peripapillary scleral flange forms the equivalent of parapapillary delta zone,and the elongated lamina cribrosa is the equivalent of the myopic secondary *** prevalence of BM defects in the macular region increases with longer axial length in highly myopic *** staphylomas are characterized by marked scleral thinning and spatially correlated BM defects,while thickness and density of the choriocapillaris,RPE and BM do not differ markedly between staphylomatous versus non-staphylomatous eyes in the respective ***:high axial myopia is associated with a thinning of the sclera and choroid posteriorly and thinnin

关键词： high myopia Myopia Bruch’s membrane Optic nerve head Optic disc Parapapillary gamma zone Parapapillary delta zone Lamina cribrosa Anatomical changes

ΔN-Bcl-xL, a therapeutic target for neuroprotection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第11期12卷 1791-1794页

作者： han-A Park Elizabeth A.jonas Department of human Nutrition and hospitality Management College of Human Environmental ScienceThe University of Alabama Department of Internal Medicine Section of EndocrinologyYale University

The B-cell lymphoma-extra large （Bcl-xL） is a mitochondrial anti-apoptotic protein that plays a role in neuroprotection. however, during excitotoxic stimulation, Bcl-xL undergoes caspase-dependent cleavage and produces a fragmented form, △N-Bcl-xL. Accumulation of △N-Bcl-xL is associated with mitochon- drial dysfunction and neuronal death. Therefore, strategies to inhibit the activity or formation of △N-Bcl- xL protect the brain against excitotoxic injuries. Our team found that the pharmacological inhibitor △BT- 737 exerts dose dependent effects in primary neurons. When primary hippocampal neurons were treated with 1 μM ABT-737, glutamate-mediated mitochondrial damage and neuronal death were exacerbated, whereas 10 nM △BT-737, a 100-fold lower concentration, protected mitochondrial function and enhanced neuronal viability against glutamate toxicity. In addition, we suggested acute vs. prolonged formation of △N-Bcl-xL may have different effects on mitochondrial or neuronal functions. Unlike acute production of △N-Bcl-xL by glutamate, overexpression of △N-Bcl-xL did not cause drastic changes in neuronal viability. We predicted that neurons undergo adaptation and may activate altered metabolism to compensate for △N-Bcl-xL-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Although the detailed mechanism of ABT-mediated neurotoxicity neuroprotection is still unclear, our study shows that the mitochondrial membrane protein △N-Bcl-xL is a central target for interventions.

关键词： B-cell lymphoma-extra large △N-Bcl-xL mitochondria ABT-737