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Effect of Artificial and Corn Leaves Diets on Development, Survival and Reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Sierra Leone

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Advances in Entomology 2023年第2期11卷 79-94页

作者： Abu James Sundufu johnny ernest norman Alusaine Edward Samura Saffea Joseph Torto Dan David Quee Marco David Tarawallie Raymonda Johnson Musa Decius Saffa Sahr Ggoba Fomba Memuna Mansaray Crop Protection Department School of Agriculture and Food Science Njala University Bo Sierra Leone

The use of artificial diets to mass reared insect stock under laboratory conditions, promotes knowledge about the biology, behavior, and nutritional requirements of insects;with such information being fundamental for the formulation of efficient integrated pest management programs (IPM) strategies. However, the artificial diets used for rearing Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the laboratory in this study, do not contain wheat germ, used for routine laboratory rearing. The aim of this study was to compare food preference and consumption by S. frugiperda larvae, as well as evaluate insect developmental parameters in the standard diet and the bean-based diets under laboratory conditions. Four artificial diets were used: a standard diet based on broad beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) used to rear S. frugiperda (D1), a diet with the substitution of two types of beans, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) (D2) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L) (D3);and a diet of fresh corn leaves (D4), the host plant of the pest species. Using a multiple-choice test, we observed that the larvae preferred diets D4 followed by D1. The relative consumption rate (RCR), relative growth rate (RGR), relative metabolic rate (RMR), approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), and the metabolic cost (CM) for S. frugiperda fifth instar larvae varied among diets. The diet D4 resulted in better ingestion, digestion, assimilation, and conversion of food, but with a metabolic cost to assimilate the food. The different bean varieties present in the diet influenced larval length, larval periods, larval survival, pupal periods, sex ratio, pupal weight, and pupal survival;but fecundity and longevity of adults were not affected. The different bean-based diets did positively influence population growth, with the most outstanding being D4. From the results of this study, the most adequate diet for rearing S

关键词： Fertility Life Table Fall Armyworm Insect Biology Mass Rearing Nutrition

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Effect of Artificial and Corn Leaves Diets on Development, Survival and Reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Sierra Leone

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Advances in Entomology（昆虫学） 2023年第2期

作者： Abu James Sundufu johnny ernest norman Alusaine Edward Samura Saffea Joseph Torto Dan David Quee Marco David Tarawallie Raymonda Johnson Musa Decius Saffa Sahr Ggoba Fomba Memuna Mansaray

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Constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation and IL-6/IL-10 co-expression are associated with impaired T-cell function in tuberculosis patients

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第3期16卷 275-287页

作者： Kirstin Harling ernest Adankwah Alptekin Güler Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah Louis Adu-Amoah Ertan Mayatepek Ellis Owusu-Dabo norman Nausch Marc Jacobsen Department of General Pediatrics Neonatologyand Pediatric CardiologyUniversity Children’s HospitalDuesseldorf 40225Germany Kumasi Centre for collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine(KCCR) KumasiGhana School of Public Health College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana

T-cells critically contribute to protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection,and impaired T-cell responses can lead to disease ***-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines affect T-cells,and fine-tuned regulation of cytokine signaling via the Jak/STAT signaling pathways is crucial for appropriate T-cell *** STAT3 phosphorylation as a consequence of aberrant cytokine signaling has been described to occur in pathognomonic T-cell responses in inflammatory and autoimmune *** characterized blood samples from tuberculosis patients(n=28)and healthy contacts(n=28)from Ghana for ***-specific T-cell responses,constitutive cytokine production,and SOCS3 and pSTAT3 *** modulation of primary CD4+T-cells was performed to determine the effects of SOCS3 on T-cell functions.T-cells from tuberculosis patients expressed higher levels of IL-10 and IL-6 and lower levels of T helper type(TH)17 cytokines after ***-specific stimulation compared to healthy *** addition,tuberculosis patients had higher IL-10 and IL-6 levels in the supernatants of non-stimulated immune cells and plasma samples compared to healthy ***,aberrant cytokine expression was accompanied by high constitutive pSTAT3 levels and SOCS3 expression in *** analysis identified an IL-6/IL-10 co-expression-based principal component in tuberculosis patients that correlated with high pSTAT3 ***3 contributed to a regulatory component,and tuberculosis patients with high SOCS3 expression showed decreased TH1 cytokine expression and impaired IL-2-induced STAT5 ***3 over-expression in primary CD4+T-cells confirmed the SOCS3 inhibitory function on IL-2-induced STAT5 *** conclude that constitutive pSTAT3 and high SOCS3 expression are influential factors that indicate impaired T-cell functions in tuberculosis patients.

关键词： tuberculosis Interleukin-6 Interleukin-10 STAT3 SOCS3

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Economic Evaluation of Grain Amaranth Production in Kamuli District, Uganda

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第2期2卷 178-190页

作者： Roland Ainebyona johnny Mugisha norman Kwikiriza Dorothy Nakimbugwe Dorothy Masinde Richard Ombui Nyankanga Department of Agribusiness and Natural Resource Economics Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Food Science and Technology Makerere University Kampala Uganda Volunteer Efforts for Development Concerns （VEDCO） Kampala Uganda Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection University of Nairobi NairobL Kenya

In Uganda, grain amaranth is relatively new and has generally not been considered as an important crop compared to other grain crops and legumes. This study was therefore conducted to determine factors affecting adoption of grain amaranth growing, factors affecting production, and economic returns on investment of its production. The study was carried out in Kamuli district where a total of 174 grain amaranth farmers and 90 non-grain amaranth farmers were randomly selected and interviewed. Using descriptive statistics, regression analysis （logit model and a Cobb-Douglas type production function） and profitability ratios, it was found that grain amaranth is produced on a small scale and yields are low. Farmer adoption of the crop was favoured by age, gender （female）, education of the farmer, and source of income. The output was positively affected by the amount of labour and manure used in production, while a negative relationship existed between output and male farmers. The crop was most viable under small acreages （0.02-0.04 ha） with positive returns to investment of 0.016. Its production should therefore be encouraged because of its income generation potential and since it requires small land.

关键词： Adoption grain amaranth logit model return on investment Uganda.

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Empathy in Rudyard Kipling＇s Jungle Books, Mirrored in Illustrations by John Lockwood Kipling and Aldren Watson

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2018年第1期8卷 1-31页

作者： norman Arthur Fischer Kent State University (Retired) Kent Ohio USA

Rudyard Kipling＇s Jungle Boobs depict empathy in the animal and animal-human world, and the illustrations of Rudyard＇s father, John Lockwood Kipling, and the American artist and prolific illustrator, Aldren Watson, help depict that empathy. Lockwood Kipling was both influence on and interpreter of the Jungle Books, as shown above all in the development from his Beast andMan in lndia of 1891 through his illustrations for the 1894 Jungle Book, and 1895 Second Jungle Book, to his illustrations that appear in the rearranged stories of The Jungle Book, and Second Jungle Book in the 1897 Scribners Outward Bound （O/B） editions. A variation on Lockwood＇s O/B mode of Jungle Books illustrations is found in Watson＇s illustrations for the 1948 Doubleday edition, Jungle Boobs, which is the title I will use throughout.1 Part One details the influence of two animal empathy writers, Lockwood Kipling and ernest Thompson Seton, on the Jungle Books. Part Two uses recent philosophical studies of empathy in the animal and human relationship. Part Three applies a German philosophy of art history to the new look of the O/B and Doubleday Jungle Books. Part Four interprets selected Jungle Books stories in the light of Parts one, two and three.

关键词： Jungle Books Rudyard Kipling John Lockwood Kipling Arne Naess ernest Thompson Seton Aldren Watson Wilhelm Worringer empathy for animals expressionism

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