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Tranexamic acid for intracerebral haemorrhage within 2 hours of onset: protocol of a phase Ⅱ randomised placebo-controlled double-blind multicentre trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第2期7卷 158-165页

作者： Nawaf Yassi Henry Zhao Leonid Churilov Bruce C V Campbell Teddy Wu Henry Ma Andrew Cheung Timothy Kleinig Helen Brown Philip Choi Jiann-Shing Jeng Annemarei Ranta Hao-Kuang Wang Geoffrey C Cloud Rohan Grimley Darshan Shah Neil Spratt Der-Yang Cho Karim Mahawish Lauren Sanders john worthington Ben Clissold Atte Meretoja Vignan Yogendrakumar Mai Duy Ton Duc Phuc Dang Nguyen Thai My Phuong Huy-Thang Nguyen Chung Y Hsu Gagan Sharma Peter J Mitchell Bernard Yan Mark W Parsons Christopher Levi Geoffrey A Donnan Stephen M Davis Department of Medicine and Neurology Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Ambulance Victoria MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Melbourne Medical School The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Stroke Division The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Neurology Christchurch HospitalChristchurchNew Zealand Department of Neurology Monash Medical CentreMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia Department of Interventional Neuroradiology Liverpool HospitalLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Department of Neurology Princess Alexandra HospitalWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia Department of Neurology Box Hill HospitalEastern HealthBox HillVictoriaAustralia Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan Department of Medicine Dunedin School of MedicineUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand Department of Neurosurgery E-Da HospitalYanchaoKaohsiungTaiwan Department of Neurology Alfred HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Clinical Neuroscience Monash University Central Clinical SchoolMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine Sunshine Coast University HospitalNambourQueenslandAustralia Department of Neurology Gold Coast University HospitalSouthportQueenslandAustralia Department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurosurgery China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan Department of Internal Medicine Palmerston North HospitalPalmerston NorthNew Zealand Department of Neurology St Vincent's HospitalFitzroyVictoriaAustralia Department of Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNew South WalesAustra

Rationale Haematoma growth is common early after intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH),and is a key determinant of outcome.Tranexamic acid,a widely available antifibrinolytic agent with an excellent safety profile,may reduce haematoma growth.Methods and design Stopping intracerebral haemorrhage with tranexamic acid for hyperacute onset presentation including mobile stroke units(STOP-MSU)is a phase Ⅱ double-blind,randomised,placebo-controlled,multicentre,international investigator-led clinical trial,conducted within the estimand statistical framework.Hypothesis In patients with spontaneous ICH,treatment with tranexamic acid within 2 hours of onset will reduce haematoma expansion compared with placebo.Sample size estimates A sample size of 180 patients(90 in each arm)would be required to detect an absolute difference in the primary outcome of 20%(placebo 39%vs treatment 19%)under a two-tailed significance level of 0.05.An adaptive sample size re-estimation based on the outcomes of 144 patients will allow a possible increase to a prespecified maximum of 326 patients.Intervention Participants will receive 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid over 10 min,followed by 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid over 8 hours;or matching placebo.Primary efficacy measure The primary efficacy measure is the proportion of patients with haematoma growth by 24±6 hours,defined as either≥33%relative increase or≥6 mL absolute increase in haematoma volume between baseline and follow-up CT scan.Discussion We describe the rationale and protocol of STOP-MSU,a phase Ⅱ trial of tranexamic acid in patients with ICH within 2 hours from onset,based in participating mobile stroke units and emergency departments.

关键词： placebo centre absolute

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Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire(ASQ):development and validation

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General Psychiatry 2019年第6期32卷 335-345页

作者： Amanda Baker Naomi Simon Aparna Keshaviah Amy Farabaugh Thilo Deckersbach john J worthington Elizabeth Hoge Maurizio Fava Mark P Pollack Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMassachusettsUSA Harvard Medical School BostonMassachusettsUSA New York University Medical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA Georgetown University Medical Center WashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Rush University Medical Center ChicagoIllinoisUSA

Background The Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire(ASQ)is a brief self-report questionnaire which measures frequency and intensity of symptoms and was developed to improve assessment of anxiety symptoms in a clinical setting.We examined the reliability and validity of the ASQ in patients with anxiety disorders and/or depression,nonclinical control subjects and college students.Methods 240 outpatients with generalised anxiety disorder,social anxiety disorder,panic disorder or major depressive disorder were administered the ASQ and additional questionnaires measuring depression and anxiety,as were 111 non-clinical control subjects and 487 college students.Factor analysis,Pearson's correlation coefficients and logistic regression were used to assess reliability and validity.Test-retest reliability of the ASQ was measured using a subset who were re-administered the ASQ after 4 weeks.Results Factor analysis revealed measurement of a single dimension by the ASQ.Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were strong.The ASQ total score also significantly distinguished patients with an anxiety disorder from the clinical controls above and beyond the clinicianrated Hamilton Anxiety Scale.Conclusions The ASQ is a valid,reliable and effective self-rated measure of anxiety and may be a useful tool for screening and assessing anxiety symptoms in psychiatric as well as college settings.

关键词： clinical ASQ validity

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Challenges and Opportunities in Preserving Key Structural Features of 3D-Printed Metal/Covalent Organic Framework

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 362-381页

作者： Ximeng Liu Dan Zhao john Wang Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore National University of Singapore(Chongqing)Research Institute Chongqing 401123People’s Republic of China

Metal-organic framework(MOF)and covalent organic framework(COF)are a huge group of advanced porous materials exhibiting attractive and tunable microstructural features,such as large surface area,tunable pore size,and functional surfaces,which have significant values in various application areas.The emerging 3D printing technology further provides MOF and COFs(M/COFs)with higher designability of their macrostructure and demonstrates large achievements in their performance by shaping them into advanced 3D monoliths.However,the currently available 3D printing M/COFs strategy faces a major challenge of severe destruction of M/COFs’microstructural features,both during and after 3D printing.It is envisioned that preserving the microstructure of M/COFs in the 3D-printed monolith will bring a great improvement to the related applications.In this overview,the 3D-printed M/COFs are categorized into M/COF-mixed monoliths and M/COF-covered monoliths.Their differences in the properties,applications,and current research states are discussed.The up-to-date advancements in paste/scaffold composition and printing/covering methods to preserve the superior M/COF microstructure during 3D printing are further discussed for the two types of 3D-printed M/COF.Throughout the analysis of the current states of 3D-printed M/COFs,the expected future research direction to achieve a highly preserved microstructure in the 3D monolith is proposed.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Covalent organic frameworks 3D printing Microstructure Monolith

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Surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:From the gastroenterologist’s stand-point

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1235-1254页

作者： john K Triantafillidis Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit “Metropolitan General”HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece Hellenic Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology Haidari 12461AthensGreece

Treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)represents,in the majority of cases,a real challenge to the gastroenterologist’s abilities and skills as well as a clinical test concerning his/her levels of medical knowledge and experience.During the last two decades,our pharmaceutical arsenal was significantly strengthened,especially after the introduction of the so-called biological agents,drugs which to a large extent not only improved the results of conservative treatment but also changed the natural history of the disease.However,colectomy is still necessary for some patients with severe UC although smaller compared to the past,precisely because of the improvements achieved in the available conservative treatment.Nevertheless,surgeries to treat colon dysplasia and cancer are increasing to some extent.At the same time,satisfactory improvements in surgical techniques,the pre-and post-operative care of patients,as well as the selection of the appropriate time for performing the surgery have been noticed.Regarding patients with CD,the improvement of conservative treatment did not significantly change the need for surgical treatment since two-thirds of patients need to undergo surgery at some point in the course of their disease.On the other hand,the outcome of the operation has improved through good preoperative care as well as the wide application of more conservative surgical techniques aimed at keeping as much of the bowel in situ as possible.This article discusses the indications for surgical management of UC patients from the gastroenterologist’s point of view,the results of the emerging new techniques such as transanal surgery and robotics,as well as alternative operations to the classic ileo-anal-pouch anastomosis.The author also discusses the basic principles of surgical management of patients with CD based on the results of the relevant literature.The self-evident is emphasized,that is,to achieve an excellent therapeutic result in patients with severe inflammatory bowel disease in today’s era;t

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Surgery Treatment Ileo-anal-pouch anastomosis Indications Techniques

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A Population Dynamics Approach to the Distribution of Space Debris in Low Earth Orbit

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 340-353页

作者： john Jurkiewicz Peter Hinow Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53201USA

The presence of the debris in the Earth’s orbit poses a significant risk to human activity in outer space.This debris population continues to grow due to ground launches,the loss of external parts from space ships,and uncontrollable collisions between objects.A computationally feasible continuum model for the growth of the debris population and its spatial distribution is therefore critical.Here we propose a diffusion-collision model for the evolution of the debris density in the low-Earth orbit and its dependence on the ground-launch policy.We parametrize this model and test it against data from publicly available object catalogs to examine timescales for the uncontrolled growth.Finally,we consider sensible launch policies and cleanup strategies and how they reduce the future risk of collisions with active satellites or space ships.

关键词： Population dynamics Space debris Kessler syndrome Diffusion Low-Earth orbit

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Does photobiomodulation require glucose to work effectively?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 945-946页

作者： Jaimie Hoh Kam john Mitrofanis UniversitéGrenoble Alpes Fonds de Dotation ClinatecGrenobleFrance University College London Institute of OphthalmologyUK

A main requirement for cells to function normally is the availability of glucose.Glucose,available either direct from circulation or storage,is converted to the essential energy that cells need to drive critical intrinsic functions.If cells are deprived of glucose,they become dysfunctional and suffer distress.Photobiomodulation,the use of specific wavelengths of light on body tissues,has been shown to promote,through small organelles called mitochondria,the metabolism of glucose to make energy for cells;this energy can be used to improve cell function and survival.In this perspective,we hypothesize that the availability of glucose is central to the core mechanism of photobiomodulation;that photobiomodulation is at its most efficient in stimulating mitochondrial activity and improving cell function when there is glucose readily available.

关键词： metabolism distress stimulating

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Optimizing prediction models for pancreatic fistula after pancreatectomy:Current status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1329-1345页

作者： Feng Yang john A Windsor De-Liang Fu Department of Pancreatic Surgery Huashan HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Surgical and Translational Research Centre Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand

Postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)is a frequent complication after pancre-atectomy,leading to increased morbidity and mortality.Optimizing prediction models for POPF has emerged as a critical focus in surgical research.Although over sixty models following pancreaticoduodenectomy,predominantly reliant on a variety of clinical,surgical,and radiological parameters,have been documented,their predictive accuracy remains suboptimal in external validation and across diverse populations.As models after distal pancreatectomy continue to be pro-gressively reported,their external validation is eagerly anticipated.Conversely,POPF prediction after central pancreatectomy is in its nascent stage,warranting urgent need for further development and validation.The potential of machine learning and big data analytics offers promising prospects for enhancing the accuracy of prediction models by incorporating an extensive array of variables and optimizing algorithm performance.Moreover,there is potential for the development of personalized prediction models based on patient-or pancreas-specific factors and postoperative serum or drain fluid biomarkers to improve accuracy in identifying individuals at risk of POPF.In the future,prospective multicenter studies and the integration of novel imaging technologies,such as artificial intelligence-based radiomics,may further refine predictive models.Addressing these issues is anticipated to revolutionize risk stratification,clinical decision-making,and postoperative management in patients undergoing pancre-atectomy.

关键词： Pancreatic fistula Pancreaticoduodenectomy Distal pancreatectomy Central pancreatectomy Prediction model Machine learning Artificial intelligence

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Optimizing oncolytic virus design:a“Swiss army knife”approach to create a systemically delivered therapeutic

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1791-1792页

作者： Carolina S.Ilkow john Cameron Bell Ottawa Hospital Research Institute 501 Smyth RoadOttawaONK1H 8L6Canada

In a recent paper published in Nature Biotechnology,Chen et al.1 describe a multiplex oncolytic virus platform that coupled with adoptive T cell therapy could solve the problem of repeat,systemic delivery of virus based therapeutics.It is widely accepted that multi-targeted therapeutic approaches attacking several facets of cancer biology are necessary to effectively deal with the tumor heterogeneity that exists within and between patients.

关键词： therapeutic al. targeted

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Nonuniform Dependence on the Initial Data for Solutions of Conservation Laws

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 489-500页

作者： john M.Holmes Barbara Lee Keyfitz Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA

In this paper,we study systems of conservation laws in one space dimension.We prove that for classical solutions in Sobolev spaces H^(s),with s>3/2,the data-to-solution map is not uniformly continuous.Our results appl... 详细信息

关键词： Conservation laws Data-to-solution map Nonuniform dependence

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What Knowledge is of Most Worth?Considering the Neo-Confucians in the Contemporary Debate Between Moral and Intellectual Learning

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ECNU Review of Education 2024年第1期7卷 155-163页

作者： john Patrick Shekitka Manhattanville College

●The perennial debate regarding the relative usefulness of various forms of knowledge,especially between the theoretical and practical and the intellectual and moral,lies at the heart of education in both past and present times in both the West and China(de Bary,1988,2004,2005,2015).●Neo-Confucians remain relevant in the 21st century and can help us to understand and elucidate contemporary debates in education-specifically,to answer the question Spencer asked nearly a century and a half ago:"What knowledge is of most worth?".●Mencius,Zhu Xi,Wang Yangming,Xu Ai,and Kang Youwei advocated for a type of learning that would strongly resonate with john Dewey(1938)and Paulo Freire(1970,1978).Foundational philosophies of education,particularly in the United States,have drawn heavily on 20th century European-American thinkers;this article attempts to correct this myopia and broaden perspectives.

关键词： Freire john Dewey Neo-Confucian

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