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A four-band index for both liquid and solid water and its applications in the Aral Sea Basin

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 769-788页

作者： Bing YUE Xi CHEN Saibo LI Zhengping DU john wilson Junhui YANG Yimen JIAO Shuangyan HUANG Chenghu ZHOU Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

Various investigations have been conducted to analyze the water-coverage area of the Aral Sea and the Aral Sea Basin(ASB). However, the investigations incorporated considerable uncertainty and the used water indices had misclassification problem, which made different research groups present different results. Thus we first ascertain the boundaries of the ASB, the Syr and Amu river basins as well as their upper, middle and lower reaches. Then a four-band index for both liquid and solid water(ILSW) is proposed to address the misclassification problems of the classic water indices. ILSW is calculated by using the reflectance values of the green, red, near infrared, and thermal infrared bands, which combines the normalized difference water index(NDWI) and land surface temperature(LST) together. Validation results show that the ILSW water index has the highest accuracy by far in the Aral Sea Basin. Our results indicate that annual average decline of the water-coverage area was 963 km^(2) in the southern Aral Sea, whereas the northern Aral Sea has experienced little change. In the meanwhile, permanent ice and snow in upper reach of ASB has retreated considerably. Annual retreating rates of the permanent ice and snow were respectively 6233and 3841 km^(2) in upper reaches of Amu river basin(UARB) and Syr river basin(USRB). One of major reasons is that climate has become warmer in ASB. The climate change has caused serious water deficit problem. The water deficit had an increasing trend since the 1990s and its increasing rates was 3.778 billion m^(3) yearly on average. The total water deficit was 76.967 billion m^(3) on average in the whole area of ASB in the 2010s. However, up reaches of Syr river basin(USRB), a component area of ASB, had water surplus of 25.461 billion m^(3). These conclusions are useful for setting out a sustainable development strategy in ASB.

关键词： Aral Sea Basin Syr river basin Amu river basin Water indices Water-coverage area Water deficit Climate change

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识别液态和固态水的四波段水指数及其在咸海流域的应用

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第3期54卷 788-807页

作者：岳兵陈曦李赛博杜正平 john wilson 杨筠慧焦毅蒙黄双燕周成虎中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

虽然已有许多水指数被运用于咸海和咸海流域的水域面积分析,然而已有研究尚存在很大的不确定性.由于所使用水指数存在水体误识别的问题,导致不同研究得出的结论差异很大.此外,各种研究采用的咸海流域面积也差异很大,流域面积从约1百万km... 详细信息

虽然已有许多水指数被运用于咸海和咸海流域的水域面积分析,然而已有研究尚存在很大的不确定性.由于所使用水指数存在水体误识别的问题,导致不同研究得出的结论差异很大.此外,各种研究采用的咸海流域面积也差异很大,流域面积从约1百万km^(2)到2百万km^(2)不等.因此,我们首先界定咸海流域、锡尔河和阿姆河流域以及它们的上、中、下游的边界,然后提出可识别液态水和固态水的四波段指数(ILSW),以解决传统水指数的误别偏差问题.ILSW基于绿色、红色、近红外和热红外波段反射值,是归一化差异水指数(NDWI)和地表温度(LST)的合成.验证结果显示,ILSW水指数在咸海流域的准确性远远超过其他指数.研究结果表明,南咸海的水域面积平均每年缩小963km^(2),而北咸海几乎没有变化;由于气候变暖,咸海流域上游常年冰雪面积有大幅度退缩趋势,阿姆河上游和锡尔河上游常年冰雪的退缩速率分别为年均6233和384km^(2)/a.气候变化和人类活动引起了严重的水亏问题.自20世纪90年代以来,水亏呈增长趋势,平均每年增长3.778亿m^(3).2011~2020年期间,整个咸海流域平均总水亏量为76.967亿m^(3),而锡尔河流域上游(咸海流域的一个组成部分)水盈余量为25.461亿m^(3).研究结果对制定咸海流域可持续发展战略具有重要意义.

关键词：咸海流域锡尔河流域阿姆河流域水指数水面积覆盖水亏缺气候变化

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Rodent management in Aotearoa New Zealand: approaches and challenges to landscape-scale control

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 8-26页

作者： john G.INNES Grant NORBURY Araceli SAMANIEGO Susan WALKER Deborah J.wilson Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research HamiltonNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AlexandraNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AucklandNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research DunedinNew Zealand

Aotearoa—New Zealand has only four rodent species,all *** order of arrival,they are Pacific rat Rattus exulans,brown rat ***,house mouse Mus musculus,and black rat *** management in New Zealand aims mainly to conserve indigenous biodiversity rather than to protect crops or manage diseases,as is usual *** describe four major“regimes”and one major vision for rodent control in New Zealand to meet ecological restoration *** challenges for island eradications are for large islands that are remote or populated by *** 1080 is the only large-scale(tens of thousands of hectares)option for black rat control,but its application requires adjustment to counter subsequent rapid black rat ***“ecosanctuaries”(mean 720 ha)use ground-based traps and poisons to target mainly black rats and face constant *** with mammal-resistant fences(up to 3500 ha)limit reinvasion and target more pest species and have enabled the return of previously extirpated taxa to the main *** Free 2050 aims to eradicate the rat species(but not mice)plus some other introduced mammals from New Zealand by *** vision is not attainable with current tools,but research and experimental management is exploring techniques and *** large scale(to 100000 ha)at which black rats are now targeted for control to extremely low abundance seems to be unique to New Zealand.

关键词： black rat brown rat eradication house mouse rodent control

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Space- and ground-based CO_2 measurements： A review

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第11期59卷 2089-2097页

作者： YUE TianXiang ZHANG LiLi ZHAO MingWei WANG YiFu john wilson State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources Research Beijing 100101 China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210046 China Anhui Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Integration and Application Chuzhou University Chuzhou 239012 China Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern California Los Angles CA90089-0374 USA

The climate warming is mainly due to the increase in concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases, of which CO_2 is the most important one responsible for radiative forcing of the climate. In order to reduce the great estimation uncertainty of atmospheric CO_2 concentrations, several CO_2-related satellites have been successfully launched and many future greenhouse gas monitoring missions are planned. In this paper, we review the development of CO_2 retrieval algorithms, spatial interpolation methods and ground observations. The main findings include: 1) current CO_2 retrieval algorithms only partially account for atmospheric scattering effects; 2) the accurate estimation of the vertical profile of greenhouse gas concentrations is a long-term challenge for remote sensing techniques; 3) ground-based observations are too sparse to accurately infer CO_2 concentrations on regional scales; and 4) accuracy is the primary challenge of satellite estimation of CO_2 concentrations. These findings, taken as a whole, point to the need to develop a high accuracy method for simulation of carbon sources and sinks on the basis of the fundamental theorem of Earth's surface modelling, which is able to efficiently fuse space- and ground-based measurements on the one hand and work with atmospheric transport models on the other hand.

关键词：精确性碳卫星检索算法基于空间、基于地面的大小 HASM

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Free-Trade Agreements in a Model of Trade, Migration and Politics

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2018年第1期13卷 15-31页

作者： john Douglas wilson Ilkay Yilmaz Department of Economics Michigan State University East Lansing M1 48824 USA Department of Economics Mersin University Ciftlikkoy Yenisehir 33342 Mersin Turkey

This paper uses a probabilistic voting model to investigate voting for a free-trade agreement between a labor-abundant country and a capital-abundant country. Migration from the labor-abundant country to the capital-abundant country increases the probability of a free-trade agreement, with lower migration costs leading to more migration and a higher free-trade probability. On the other hand, if a lower probability of free trade is caused by an increased voter bias against free-trade candidates, then there is less migration. A dynamic extension of the model is also investigated.

关键词： free trade migration Heckscher-Ohlin labor-abundant capital-abundant

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Identification of speckle-type POZ protein somatic mutations in African American prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第6期16卷 829-832页

作者： Eric Buckles Chiping Qian Andrew Tadros Sumana Majumdar Jennifer Cvitanovic Jovanny Zabaleta john Estrada john wilson Wanguo Liu Department of Biology School of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics Dillard University New Orleans LA USA New Orleans LA USA Department of Genetics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA Biospecimen Core Laboratory Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium New Orleans LA USA Department of Pediatrics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA.

The speckle-type POZ protein （SPOP） is a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer （PCa）. SPOP somatic mutations have been reported in up to 15% of PCa of those of European descent. However, the genetic roles of SPOP in African American （AA）-PCa are currently unknown. We sequenced the SPOP gene to identify somatic mutations in 49 AA prostate tumors and identified three missense mutations （p.Y87C, p.F102S, and p.G111E） in five AA prostate tumors （10%） and one synonymous variant （p.11061） in one tumor. Intriguingly, all of mutations and variants clustered in exon six, and all of the mutations altered conserved amino acids. Moreover, two mutations （p.F102S and p.G111E） have only been identified in AA-PCa to date. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed a lower level of SPOP expression in tumors carrying SPOP mutations than their matched normal prostate tissues. In addition, SPOP mutations and novel variants were detected in 5 of 27 aggressive PCa and one of 22 less aggressive PCa （P 〈 0.05）. Further studies with increased sample size are needed to validate the clinicopathological significance of these SPOP mutations in AA-PCa.

关键词： African American mutation analysis prostate cancer speckle-type POZ protein

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Conserved gene arrangement in the mitochondrial genomes of barklouse families Stenopsocidae and Psocidae

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017年第3期4卷 358-365页

作者： Xiaochen LIU Hu LI Yao CAI Fan SONG john-James wilson Wanzhi CAI Department of Entomology China Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management Ministry of Agriculture International College Beijing China Agricultural University

Substantial variation in gene organization and arrangement has been reported for sequenced mitochondrial(mt) genomes from the suborders of the insect order Psocoptera. In this study we sequenced the complete mt genome of Stenopsocus immaculatus, the first representative of the family Stenopsocidae from the suborder Psocomorpha. Relative to the ancestral pattern, rearrangements of a protein-coding gene(nad3) and five t RNA genes(trnQ, trnC, trnN, trnS1, trnE) were found. This pattern was similar to that of two barklice from the family Psocidae, with the exception of the translocation of trnS1,trnE and trnI. Based on comparisons of pairwise breakpoint distances of gene rearrangements, gene number and chromosome number, it was concluded that mt genomes of Stenopsocidae and Psocidae share a relatively conserved pattern of gene rearrangements; mt genomes within the Psocomorpha have been generally stable over long evolutionary history; and mt gene rearrangement has been substantially faster in the booklice(suborder Troctomorpha) than in the barklice(suborders Trogiomorpha and Psocomorpha). It is speculated that the change of life history and persistence of unusual reproductive systems with maternal inheritance contributed to the contrasting rates in mt genome evolution between the barklice and booklice.

关键词： gene rearrangement mitochondrial genome Psocoptera Stenopsocidae TDRL model

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Artificial light at night(ALAN) pollution alters bat lunar chronobiology:insights from broad-scale long-term acoustic monitoring

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 176-187页

作者： Han Li Pauline Allen Saige Boris Samantha Lagrama Jade Lyons Christina Mills Pauline Moussi Casey Nichols Carter Tacosik Mc Kenzie Tsaousis Nyzaya Livingston wilson john F.Grider Kevin A.Parker Matina C.Kalcounis-Rueppell Department of Biology University of Nebraska Omaha Department of Biology University of North Carolina Greensboro Colorado Parks and Wild-life Parker Ecology LLC Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta

Background The timing of behavior and habitat use of nocturnal animals can be influenced by the lunar cycle in nature. The prevalence of artificial light at night(ALAN) has been recognized as a source of environmental pol-lution. The interaction between ALAN and the lunar cycle on bat behavior is important for understanding anthro-pogenic effects on bats. We utilized a decade(2012–2022) of acoustic monitoring data collected in North Carolina, United States, to investigate the relationship between bat activity, lunar cycle, and light pollution. We examined whether the amount of lunar illumination affected species-specific nightly activity and whether hourly bat activity patterns varied between nights with different moon phases. We further investigated if the relationship between bat activity and the lunar cycle might be altered by light *** We found that seven bat species showed activity variation across nights in relation to the amount of moon illumination when ALAN was absent. In general, bats were less active on full moon nights compared to new moon nights. Light pollution interacted with the bat–lunar relationship in five of the seven species, masking the effect of the lunar cycle. We identified delayed bat activity patterns on nights with a full or waxing moon in seven species, and light pollution altered that pattern in four species. Overall, ALAN was associated with decreased bat activity inde-pendent of lunar cycle *** Our study demonstrated that at a broad spatial scale, ALAN negatively affected many North American temperate bat species and altered their lunar chronobiology. As light pollution is spreading to historically dark areas and habitats, ALAN might couple with other threats, such as the white-nose syndrome or climate change, to cause cascading damage in the environment that depends on ecosystem services such as pest control provided by bats. We argue that further research and conservation actions are needed to mitigate

关键词： Artificial light at night ALAN Bats Chiroptera Chronobiology Light pollution Lunar cycle Moonlight

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生态环境曲面量子机器学习

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Science Bulletin 2022年第10期67卷 1031-1033,M0004页

作者：岳天祥刘熠杜正平 john wilson 赵东一王宇赵娜史文娇范泽孟赵小敏张嵚黄宏胜邬清元周伟焦毅蒙徐喆李赛博杨阳傅伯杰 State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China College of Land Resources and Environment Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA Origin Quantum Computing Technology Company Limited Hefei 230093China Yanqi Lake Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications Beijing 101408China h Monitoring Station for Weather and Eco-Environment of WuGong MountainPingxiang 337000China School of Geographical Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

通过晶体管小型化增加芯片上的晶体管数量一直是计算进步的最基本部分.然而,晶体管小型化已达到极限水平.与此同时,现有计算机已无法满足许多实际问题对计算资源的巨大需求.幸运的是,量子计算机初见端倪.有关研究表明,54量子比特的量子... 详细信息

通过晶体管小型化增加芯片上的晶体管数量一直是计算进步的最基本部分.然而,晶体管小型化已达到极限水平.与此同时,现有计算机已无法满足许多实际问题对计算资源的巨大需求.幸运的是,量子计算机初见端倪.有关研究表明,54量子比特的量子计算机在数分钟内就可完成传统计算机需要用1万年才能完成的计算任务;机器学习可提高量子算法的精度.机器学习方法可区分为监督学习、非监督学习、强化学习和多法混合学习.本文引入的高精度曲面建模(HASM)方法是一种强化学习方法,它可转换为大型线性稀疏系统.这个大型线性系统可运用HHL量子算法进行求解.我们将HASM机器学习与HHL量子算法的合成称为HASM-HHL量子机器学习.训练实验表明,精度设置对HASM-HHL性能和量子电路参数有很大影响;量子计算对量子比特总数的需求依赖于计算域的栅格总数.运用HASM-HHL模拟整个地球表面时,在1 km×1 km空间分辨率,需要40量子比特;在1 m×1 m空间分辨率,需要45量子比特.HASM-HHL可实现相对传统计算机算法的指数级加速.由于HASM已成功应用于各种空间尺度的数字高程模型构建以及生态多样性变化、人口动态、土壤属性动态、食物供给动态、碳储量动态、二氧化碳浓度变化、气候变化和新冠病毒传播动态等的模拟分析,HASM-HHL有望成为模拟分析地球表层系统及其生态环境要素的通用量子机器学习平台.

关键词：量子计算机机器学习强化学习量子算法非监督学习计算机算法混合学习二氧化碳浓度

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American government The Essentials James Q. wilson, john J. Dilulio 8th ed.; postinaugural ed.

American government The Essentials James Q. Wilson, John J. ...

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2001年

作者： James Q. wilson john J. Dilulio

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