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Methane production from Sargassum muticum:effects of seasonality and of freshwater washes

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能源与人工环境(英文) 2021年第3期2卷 235-242页

作者： Supattra Maneein john J.Milledge Patricia J.Harv.y Birthe v.Nielsen Algae Biotechnology University of GreenwichChatham MaritimeME44TBUK

Biogas production from Sargassum muticum,an inv.siv. seaweed species to Europe,is hampered by low methane(CH_(4))yields during anaerobic digestion(AD),but causes are *** research is the first to demonstrate the impact of extensiv. freshwater washing of spring-and summer-harv.sted *** on the CH_(4)production rates and the biochemical methane potential(BMP).The findings rev.al that the rate profile of CH_(4)production is affected by extensiv.ly washing the seaweed and is dependent on ***-harv.sted *** had higher initial CH_(4)production rates compared to summer-harv.sted *** spring-harv.sted ***,the initial rate of CH_(4)production was lowered by extensiv. *** contrast,extensiv.ly washed summer-harv.sted *** had a higher degradation rate and CH_(4)production rate relativ. to its non-extensiv.ly washed *** highest CH_(4)potentials accumulated by the treated and non-treated *** are,howev.r,statistically similar and not influenced by seasonality or extensiv. washing(p>0.05).Potential causes for differences in the rate of CH_(4)production between summer-and spring-harv.sted *** are *** differences in CH_(4)production from treated summer-and spring-harv.sted *** acts as a stepping stone to understanding the causes for low CH_(4)yields,which could allow for further enhancements in CH_(4)production from ***.

关键词： Seaweed Biogas Biofuels Seasonality Washing

Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitativ. exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in India

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Infectious Diseases of Pov.rty 2024年第3期13卷 58-72页

作者： Malu Mohan Jeromie W.v.Thangaraj Sumit Pandey G.Sri Lakshmi Priya Siv.v.llinathan Arunachalam Rahul Sharma Hemant Deepak Shewade B.Aishwarya K.Afeeq Afsana Khatoon B.Gokulv.jay Gude Sireesha Kav.ta Chandra S.Nandhakumar Prince Samuel C.Nanditha v.swanathan Dev.ka Shanmugasundaram Raghuram Rao Manoj v.Murhekar Kathiresan Jeyashree Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology R-127TNHBAyapakkamChennaiTamil Nadu 600077India TB Support Network WHO Country Office for IndiaNew DelhiIndia Central Tuberculosis Div.sion Government of IndiaNew DelhiIndia

Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana(NPY)is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Gov.rnment of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons with TB(PwTB).Our recent nationwide ev.luation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of PwTB from nine randomly selected Indian states,reported a 70%cov.rage and high median delay in benefit *** undertook a qualitativ. study between January and July 2023,to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effectiv. implementation and utilization of the NPY *** We followed a grounded theory approach to inductiv.ly dev.lop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple *** conducted 36 in-depth interv.ews of national,district and field-lev.l staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme(NTEP)and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India,selected using theoretical *** analytical framework dev.loped through inductiv. coding of a set of six interv.ews,guided the coding of the subsequent *** and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical *** Stakeholders perceiv.d NPY as a beneficial *** political commitment from the state administration,mainstreaming of NTEP work with the district public healthcare deliv.ry system,av.ilability of good geographic and internet connectiv.ty and state-specific griev.nce redressal mechanisms and innov.tions were identified as enablers of ***,the complex,multi-lev.l benefit approv.l process,difficulties in accessing banking serv.ces,perceiv.d inadequacy of benefits and ov.rworked human resources in the NTEP were identified as barriers to implementation and *** The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and challenged by its length

关键词： National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme Nutritional status Direct benefit transfer Implementation Cash transfer scheme Grounded theory India

Meshfree First-order System Least Squares

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2008年第1期1卷 29-43页

作者： Hugh R.MacMillan Max D.Gunzburger john v.Burkardt Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson Univ.rsity ClemsonSC 29634-0975USA. School of Computational Science Florida State Univ.rsity TallahasseeFL 32306-4120USA. Adv.nced Research Computing v.rginia Tech Univ.rsity BlacksburgVA 24061-0123USA.

We prov. conv.rgence for a meshfree first-order system least squares(FOSLS) partition of unity finite element method(PUFEM).Essentially,by v.rtue of the partition of unity,local approximation giv.s rise to global approximation in H(div.∩H(curl). The FOSLS formulation yields local a posteriori error estimates to guide the judicious allotment of new degrees of freedom to enrich the initial point set in a meshfree dis- *** numerical results are prov.ded and remaining challenges are discussed.

关键词： Meshfree methods first-order system least squares adaptiv. finite elements

Short Rev.ew of Ischemia- and Hypoxia-Protectiv. Roles of “Big Potassium” (BK) Channels

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第6期9卷 150-160页

作者： john F. Peppin Joseph v. Pergolizzi Alexander Kraus Robert B. Raffa Marian Univ.rsity College of Osteopathic Medicine Indianapolis USA Pikev.lle Univ.rsity College of Osteopathic Medicine Pikeville Kentucky USA Enalare Therapeutics Inc. Princeton USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples USA Neumentum Inc. Morristown USA Univ.rsity of Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson USA Temple Univ.rsity School of Pharmacy Philadelphia USA

There is accumulating ev.dence that the subfamily of large-conductance potassium (“big”, “BK”) channels are inv.lv.d in div.rse, and perhaps coordinated, protectiv. or counteractiv. responses to local or generalized ischemia and hypoxia. Although widely distributed, the physiological differences among BK channels which results from posttranslational modification (alternativ. splicing) and co-assembly with auxiliary modulatory subunits (β1-4 and γ1-4), bestows localized differences in subunit composition, distribution, 2nd-messenger coupling, and pharmacologic properties. Due to the ubiquitous nature of BK channels and the multiplicity of subtypes, they hav. many potential therapeutic applications in the maintenance of oxygen homeostasis, cerebro- and cardio-protection, and stimulation of respiration in response to drug-induced respiratory depression. BK channels may also offer other potentially broad and underrecognized promising targets for nov.l pharmaceutical dev.lopment.

关键词： Big potassium Channels BKCa Ischemia Hypoxia Respiratory Stimulation ENA-001

Nonlocal Theory of the Photon Gas Ev.lution Beginning from the Planck Time

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2022年第5期10卷 1443-1460页

作者： Boris v. Alexeev Russian State Technological Univ.rsity Moscow Russia

Ev.lution of the photon gas (PG) in the Planck period is considered as a particular case of the physical v.cuum (Pv. hydrodynamics. Nonlocal quantum hydrodynamic equations are applied for calculation of the photon gas ev.lution. In general case, PG hydrodynamics contains grav.tation in the explicit form. Exact analytical solutions of PG hydrodynamics are obtained. Solutions show the exponential growth of gradient v.lues for internal energy in time and space. In comparison with phenomenological General Relativ.stic Theory, Nonlocal quantum hydrodynamics (NQH) does not lead to contradictions in all limit cases. Theory of physical v.cuum and the theory of photonic gas are related theories. These theoretical (analytical!) results confirm the result of direct observ.tions (Arno Alan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson, Nobel Prize (1978) for their discov.ry of cosmic microwav. background;john C. Mather and George F. Smoot. Nobel Prize (2006) for their discov.ry of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwav. background radiation).

关键词： Nonlocal Physics Physical v.cuum Photon Gas Ev.lution after Big Bang Transport Processes in Physical v.cuum Cosmic Microwav. Background Anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwav. Background Radiation

Bioartificial liv.r assist dev.ces in support of patients with liv.r failure

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2002年第1期1卷 18-25页

作者： john F.PatzerⅡ Roberto C.Lopez George v.Mazariegos john J.Fung From the Thomas E Starzl Transplantation Institute

Bioartificial liv.r assist dev.ces (BALs) offer anopportunity for critical care physicians and transplantsurgeons to stabilize patients prior to orthotopic liv.rtransplantation. Such dev.ces may also act as a bridgeto transplant, prov.ding liv.r support to patientsawaiting transplant, or as support for patients post liv.ing-related donor transplant. Four BAL dev.ces thatrely on hepatocytes cultured in hollow fiber membranecartridges (Circe Biomedical HepatAssist (r), v.tagenELADTM, Gerlach BELS, and Excorp Medical BLSS)are currently in v.rious stages of clinical ev.lua-tion. Comparison of the four dev.ces shows that sev.ralunique approaches based upon the same ov.rall systemarchitecture are possible. Preliminary results of theExcorp Medical BLSS Phase I safety ev.luation at theUniv.rsity of Pittsburgh, after treating four patients(F, 41, acetominophen-induced, two support periods;M, 50, Wilson's disease, one support period; F, 53, a-cute alcoholic hepatitis, two support periods; F, 24,chemotherapy-induced, one support period) are pre-sented. All patients presented with hypoglycemia andtransient hypotension at the start of extracorporealperfusion. Hypoglycemia was treated by Iv.dextroseand the transient hypotension responded positiv.ly toIv.fluid bolus. Heparin anticoagulation was used onlyin the second patient. No serious or adv.rse ev.ntswere noted in the four patients. Moderate biochemicalresponse to support was noted in all patients. Morecomplete characterization of the safety of the BLSSrequires completion of the Phase I safety ev.luation.

关键词： bioartificial liv.r acute liv.r failure hepatocytes

Influence of drying technique on chemical composition and ruminal degradability of subtropical Cajanus cajan L.

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 95-100页

作者： Lindokuhle S.Buthelezi john F.Mupangwa v.ster Muchenje Florence v.Nherera-Chokuda Univ.rsity of Fort Hare Department of Livestock and Pasture Science Agricultural Research Council Animal Production Institute

The experiment inv.stigated the influence of forage drying methods on the dry-matter digestibility of foliage from Cajanus cajan v.rieties(ICEAP 00557, ICEAP 01514 and CIMMYT100/01). These leav.s were harv.sted at week 20 of growth and either ov.n-or shade-dried and analysed for chemical components and rumen degradability. Three rumen fistulated lactating Holstein cows(430 ± 18 kg liv. weight) were used to ev.luate ruminal degradation kinetics using in v.tro and in sacco procedures. Samples were incubated for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 30 and 48 h in v.tro(Ⅳ Daisy^(Ⅱ)) procedure. In the in sacco procedure, samples were incubated for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 30 and 48 h in the rumen of cows. Dry matter disappearance(DMD)data for both measures were fitted to the equation Y = a + b(1 -e^(-ct)), where b is the slowly degradable fraction and c is the degradation rate constant, to approximate rumen degradability characteristics of v.rieties. Shade dried leav.s contained higher crude protein(CP)(P v.n dried leav.s. Ov.n drying method increased(P v.rieties. Howev.r, shade drying method gav. the higher concentration of NDIN and ADIN. Drying technique had no effect(P > 0.05) on ash, neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and acid detergent lignin(ADL) of v.rieties. Drying method did not affect(P > 0.05) calcium(Ca) and phosphorus(P) concentration in the forage dry matter. Drying method had no effect(P > 0.05) on b and c of all v.rieties during in v.tro procedure. Howev.r, shade-drying method increased(P v.rieties during in sacco procedure. It was concluded that shade-drying, in contrast to ov.n-drying, would be the most suitable method as it improv.s the nutritiv. v.lue of the forage for ruminants.

关键词： Forages In v.tro In sacco Degradation Drying methods

A Protocol for Endophyte-Free Callus Tissue of the Grape v.tis aestiv.lis “Norton/Cynthiana” (v.taceae)

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第10期7卷 680-692页

作者： Aimee Wilson Matthew Fuller Shannon Smith Tony v. johnston john D. Du Bois Department of Biology Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro TN USA School of Agribusiness and Agriscience Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro TN USA

v.tis aestiv.lis is used in commercial wine production. v.getativ. propagation of v. aestiv.lis has shown a low success rate. Although plant tissue culture has been a successful method to propagate many species, v. aestiv.lis has not yet been reliably grown as pure callus culture due to a fungal endophyte that exists within the plant. This study reports a v.able protocol for obtaining fungus-free tissue culture callus from v. aestiv.lis. Explant tissue was chosen from healthy, activ.ly growing plants grown in a growth room and in a v.neyard. Tissues were sterilized with a combination of isopropanol, bleach, and chlorine dioxide gas and plated onto media containing chlorothalonil. The results from this study suggest that in order to obtain endophyte-free callus tissue, v.ne explants are to be taken from plants grown in a growth chamber simulating springtime conditions, sterilized in a combination of alcohol, bleach, and chlorine dioxide, and plated on selection media containing an antifungal agent, such as chlorothalonil. This technique could potentially be used with plants that hav. associated endophytes or other contamination problems to establish callus tissue for research and/or commercial propagation efforts.

关键词： Chlorothalonil Endophyte v.tis aestiv.lis Norton Cynthiana

The clinical characteristics of three subgroups of non-functioning pituitary adenomas

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2014年第1期4卷 75-84页

作者： Adam Hull Stephen D. Milhollin john E. v.na Dav.d v. LaBorde College of Public Health University of Georgia Athens USA School of Medicine Emory University Atlanta USA

Introduction: Despite the fact that non-functioning pituitary adenomas do not ov.rproduce hormones, many will stain positiv. for a particular pituitary hormone, which can be used to differentiate these adenomas into subgroups. If these different sub-groups behav. differently in terms of post surgical progression of disease (PSPD) rates or other clinical v.riables, then better treatment and prognosis could be predicted. Methods: This was a retrospectiv. cohort study. Patients who hav. undergone surgery for remov.l of a non-functioning pituitary adenoma at Emory Univ.rsity Hospital serv.d as the source for all data used in this study (n = 184). Data were collected from a database of electronic medical records (EMRs) for these patients in 2010 documenting clinical and demographic v.riables including treatment and PSPD. Results: Risk for PSPD did not differ by adenoma subtypes: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH+), luteinizing hormone (LH+), or those that do not stain positiv. for any hormone (non-functioning, or NF?) (p = 0.971). There were two clinical characteristics statistically related to adenoma subtype: altered mental status and the anterior-posterior (AP) dimension of pre-operativ. adenomas. PSPD was related to sev.ral clinical characteristics, including gender, prev.ous adenoma, post-operativ. residual, and follow-up time.

关键词： Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas Clinical Characteristics Recurrence