Nonlocal Theory of the Photon Gas Evolution Beginning from the Planck Time

作     者：Boris V. Alexeev Boris V. Alexeev

作者机构：Russian State Technological University Moscow Russia 

出 版 物：《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 (应用数学与应用物理（英文）)

年 卷 期：2022年第10卷第5期

页      面：1443-1460页

学科分类：07[理学] 0701[理学-数学] 070101[理学-基础数学] 

主　　题：Nonlocal Physics Physical Vacuum Photon Gas Evolution after Big Bang Transport Processes in Physical Vacuum Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation 

摘      要：Evolution of the photon gas (PG) in the Planck period is considered as a particular case of the physical vacuum (PV) hydrodynamics. Nonlocal quantum hydrodynamic equations are applied for calculation of the photon gas evolution. In general case, PG hydrodynamics contains gravitation in the explicit form. Exact analytical solutions of PG hydrodynamics are obtained. Solutions show the exponential growth of gradient values for internal energy in time and space. In comparison with phenomenological General Relativistic Theory, Nonlocal quantum hydrodynamics (NQH) does not lead to contradictions in all limit cases. Theory of physical vacuum and the theory of photonic gas are related theories. These theoretical (analytical!) results confirm the result of direct observations (Arno Alan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson, Nobel Prize (1978) for their discovery of cosmic microwave background;John C. Mather and George F. Smoot. Nobel Prize (2006) for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation).