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Neural regeneration research 2025年第4期20卷 1081-1082页

作者： john Mitrofanis Jonathan stone Michael r.Hamblin Pierre Magistretti Alim-Louis Benabid Glen Jeffery Fonds Clinatec UniversitéGrenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance school of Medical science University of SydneySydneyAustralia Faculty of Health sciences University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa King Abdullah University of science and Technology ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell *** the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper *** most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell *** challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological *** interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical *** this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective *** are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.

关键词： protective dosage distress

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Targeting TrkB–PsD-95 coupling to mitigate neurological disorders

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang john Marshall Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Center for Translational Neuroscience Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and *** activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected by long-term ***,the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term *** this review,we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders.A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and *** with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic,due to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 *** TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific *** TrkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.

关键词： Angelman syndrome autism brain-derived neurotrophic factor depression neurodegenerative disorder neurodevelopmental disorder postsynaptic density protein-95 synaptic plasticity TrkB

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A chemical perspective on high pressure crystal structures and properties

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National science review 2020年第1期7卷 149-169页

作者： john s.Tse Department of Physics and Engineering Physics University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon

The general availability of third generation synchrotron sources has ushered in a new era of high pressure research. The crystal structure of materials under compression can now be determined by X-ray diffraction using powder samples and, more recently, from multi-nano single crystal diffraction. Concurrently, these experimental advancements are accompanied by a rapid increase in computational capacity and capability,enabling the application of sophisticated quantum calculations to explore a variety of material *** of the early surprises is the finding that simple metallic elements do not conform to the general expectation of adopting 3D close-pack structures at high pressure. Instead, many novel open structures have been identified with no known analogues at ambient pressure. The occurrence of these structural types appears to be random with no rules governing their formation. The adoption of an open structure at high pressure suggested the presence of directional bonds. Therefore, a localized atomic hybrid orbital description of the chemical bonding may be appropriate. Here, the theoretical foundation and experimental evidence supporting this approach to the elucidation of the high pressure crystal structures of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ elements and polyhydrides are reviewed. It is desirable and advantageous to extend and apply established chemical principles to the study of the chemistry and chemical bonding of materials at high pressure.

关键词： high pressure crystal structure chemical bonding superconductivity

Why does caloric restriction increase life and healthspan? The ‘clean cupboards’ hypothesis

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National science review 2020年第7期7卷 1153-1156页

作者： john r.speakman state Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Biological and Environmentalsciences University of Aberdeen CAs Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The disposable soma hypothesis explanation of the effects of caloric restriction(Cr) on lifespan fails to explain why Cr generates negative impacts alongside the positive effects and does not work in all species. I pr...

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Immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated colitis in gastrointestinal malignancies and inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第8期13卷 772-798页

作者： Alexa r Weingarden samuel J s rubin john Gubatan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineStanford UniversityRedwood CityCA 94063United States stanford University school of Medicine Stanford UniversityRedwood CityCA 94063United States

Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)have markedly changed the landscape of cancer *** re-invigorating the immune system against tumors,ICI provide novel therapeutic options for a broad variety of malignancies,including many gastrointestinal(GI)***,these therapies can also induce autoimmune-like side effects in healthy tissue across the *** of the most common of these side effects is ICI-mediated colitis and diarrhea(IMC).Here,we review the incidence and risk of IMC in ICI therapy,with a focus on what is known regarding IMC in patients with GI *** also discuss data available on the use of ICI and risk of IMC in patients with pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease,as these patients may have increased risk of IMC due to their underlying intestinal pathology.

关键词： Immune checkpoint inhibitors Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 Programmed cell death protein-1 Inflammatory bowel disease Gastrointestinal cancer

Opportunism and the resilience of barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica) to environmental change

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第2期7卷 137-146页

作者： john s.BUCKErIDGE Earth and Oceanic systems RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia

Cirripede-like organisms have their origins in the Palaeozoic,but until the Cainozoic,were represented primarily by pedunculated forms,such as the *** barnacles(Balanomorpha)are first recorded after the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction *** the late Palaeogene,rapid radiation of cirripedes resulted in sufficient diversification for them to occupy most marine *** they survived both the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and the Pleistocene glaciation is testament to their ability to rapidly adapt to *** wide habitat distribution of balanomorphs in particular is unparalleled;they are known from the upper littoral(Chthamalus)to depths of 3600 m(Tetrachaelasma)and within this attached to rock,wood and miscellaneous flotsam,plus in symbiosis or commensalism with larger marine ***’s(1854)view of the Tertiary as the age of barnacles is reflected in this diversity,distribution and *** cirripedes are,nonetheless,at risk,from rapid habitat change,competition,pollution and,especially in light of their sessile habit,from *** paper assesses the viability of a number of cirripedes and concludes that the Lepadiformes,scalpelliformes and Balanomorpha are the most resilient,and will most quickly adapt to occupy new niches when opportunities arise.

关键词： adaptation Cirripedia distribution environmental change

The barnacle and the building:a modern morality tale

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第2期3卷 68-74页

作者： john s.BUCKErIDGE Earth and Oceanic systems research Group RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

A rare and almost complete barnacle fossil,previously described on the basis of two isolated shell fragments,wasrecently exposed in a limestone block on the outer wall of Melbourne’s Old Magistrates’Courts in Victoria,*** courts comprise one of the oldest and grandest buildings in Melbourne and because of this they have aheritage *** heritage-listed buildings are protected from alteration by law,and as removal of the fossil wouldbe deemed“alteration”,official permission had to be obtained to extract the *** paper discusses theprocesses involved with extraction of a unique specimen from a protected building and provides an overview of thepalaeontological significance of the *** is given to the likely fate of a fossil of this nature,situateda little below eye level on a busy city street,if it was left in situ;finally,the implications of designating a holotypefrom material removed from a building are assessed.

关键词： conservation fossil barnacle heritage-listed buildings.

some biological consequences of environmental change:A study using barnacles(Cirripedia:Balanomorpha)and gum trees(Angiospermae:Myrtaceae)

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第2期5卷 122-131页

作者： john s.BUCKErIDGE Earth and Oceanic systems RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia

Uniformitarianism permits understanding of the past on the basis of the present,and modeling the future through consideration of the fossil *** present paper addresses the impact environmental(climatic)change has had on acorn barnacles and eucalyptus *** barnacles(Balanomorpha)are first recorded after the K/T massextinction *** the Paleogene,rapid radiation resulted in their occupying most marine *** balanomorphs survived both the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum and the Pleistocene glaciation is testament to their ability to adapt to opportunities;they are known from the littoral(Chamaesipho)to depths of 3600 m(Tetrachaelasma)and within this from diverse substrates:rock,wood and miscellaneous flotsam,plus in symbiosis or commensalism with most larger marine ***’s(1854)view of the late Tertiary as the age of barnacles is reflected in their diversity,distribution and *** are contrasted with the Australian Myrtaceae:plants ranging from woody shrubs to tall *** most significant is Eucalyptus sensu lato,which typifies Australia’s flora,and is characterized by aromatic leaves that produce *** has evolved strategies that result in its domination of Australian open woodlands:these include production of highly flammable eucalyptol oil(with a flashpoint of 49℃)and an unprecedented ability to regenerate following forest *** trees and barnacles first appear in the Paleogene,their earliest records are Australasian,and they both demonstrate extraordinary resilience when environmental conditions are optimal.

关键词： adaption barnacles environmental change eucalypts evolution

Connecting particle sphericity and circularity

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Particuology 2021年第1期19卷 1-4页

作者： john r.Grace Arian Ebneyamini Department of Chemical&Biological Engineering University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z3Canada

sphericity,a measure of how much a particle’s shape deviates from spherical,is useful as a shape factorwhen characterizing particulate ***,particle surface areas,required when determiningthe sphericity,are very difficult to *** a result,the circularity,derivable from microscopic views,is often measured instead and assumed to be equal to the *** paper shows that the twoquantities are generally not equal for simple non-spherical shapes and provides advice on improving theestimation of sphericity from circularity.

关键词： Non-spherical particles sphericity Circularity shape factorsa

Feed- and feed additives-related aspects of gut health and development in weanling pigs

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2013年第2期4卷 83-89页

作者： john r Pluske Division of research and Development Murdoch University

The development of new/different management and feeding strategies to stimulate gut development and health in newly-weaned pigs, in order to improve growth performance while minimizing the use of antimicrobial compounds such as antibiotic growth promotants （AGP） and heavy mineral compounds, is essential for the long-term sustainability of the pig industry. Factors including the sub-optimal intake of nutrients and energy, inappropriate microbiota biomass and （or） balance, immature and compromised immune function, and psychosomatic factors caused by weaning can compromise both the efficiency of digestion and absorption and intestinal barrier function through mucosal damage and alteration of tight junction integrity. As a consequence, pigs at weaning are highly susceptible to pathogenic enteric conditions such as post-weaning diarrhea that may be caused by serotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil Many dietary components, e.g., protein, fiber, feed additives and minerals, are known to influence microbial growth in the gastrointestinal tract that in turn can impact upon pig growth and health, although the relationships between these are sometimes not necessarily apparent or obvious. In a world climate of increased scrutiny over the use of antibiotics per se in pig production, certain feed additives are seen as alternatives/replacements to antibiotics, and have evolved in some cases to have important roles in everyday commercial pig nutrition. Nevertheless and in general, there remains inconsistency and variability in the efficacy of some feed additives and in cases of severe disease outbreaks, for example, therapeutic antibiotics and/or heavy minerals such as zinc oxide （ZnO） are generally relied upon. If feed ingredients and （or） feed additives are to be used with greater regularity and reliability, then it is necessary to better understand the mechanisms whereby antibiotics and minerals such as ZnO influence animal physiology, in conjunction with the use of approp

关键词： Antibiotics Antimicrobials Nutrition Pigs Post-weaning diarrhoea Weaning

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