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The Prevalence, Patterns, and Trend of Antimicrobial Resistance among Patients at Kumi Orthopaedic Center: A Retrospective Study

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2025年第1期15卷 22-30页

作者： john Ekure Naomi Amuron douglas Kilama Phillip Buluma Andrew Iloket Emmanuel Okiring Samuel Okodi Faith Akello Kumi Orthopaedic Center Kumi Uganda College of Health Sciences Soroti University Soroti Uganda

Background: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has been recognized as a global public health problem of utmost importance that needs to be tackled. Low-income countries such as Uganda have the greatest burden of severe and life-threatening infections and are most likely to suffer more from the spread of untreatable resistant bacteria. Despite the generally increasing trends in AMR, there is hardly any documented data on AMR in orthopedic care. Methods: We analyzed data from the pathogenic isolates from pus and tissue from the laboratory from 2019 to 2023. We calculated the proportions of isolates resistant to commonly used antimicrobial classes. We used the chi-square test for trends to evaluate changes in AMR across the study period. Results: Out of the 286 isolates, 104 (43.5%) were from pus, 112 (46.9%) were from tissue samples and the remaining 9.6% were from different fluid aspirates like synovial fluid. Most of the isolates were from males (64.2%) and aged between 19 and 45 years (46.2%). The distribution of whether the bacteria were gram-positive or negative was relatively equal with 114 (45.2%) being gram-negative and 120 (47.6%) gram-positive. Generally, there was increased AMR across all antibiotics from 2019 to 2021 e.g. for Imipinem, it went from 0% in 2019 to 70.8% in 2021 and for Amoxyclav, it went from 10% in 2019 to 93.2% in 2021. There was a general decline in AMR noted from 2021 to 2023. However, currently, the highest resistance is noted in ceftriaxone (80.0%) and the lowest in Imipinem (11.76%). Conclusion: There is a general decreasing trend in AMR, most probably due to increasing policies governing the use of antibiotics. However, there is still high resistance to commonly used and affordable antibiotics. Continuous monitoring of AMR is still recommended to reduce the AMR problem in Uganda at large through public health policy and planning.

关键词： Antimicrobial Resistance Prevalence Trend

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF SAMPLE SIZE, ATTRIBUTE VARIANCE AND WITHIN-SAMPLE CHOICE DISTRIBUTION ON THE ESTIMATION ACCURACY OF MULTINOMIAL LOGIT MODELS USING SIMULATED DATA

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2018年第6期27卷 771-789页

作者： Minhui Zeng Ming Zhong john douglas Hunt Engineering Research Center for Transportation safety ofMOE Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Changsha University of Science & Technology China National Engineering Research Center for Water Transportation Safety China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Waterloo Ontario Canada Department of Civil Engineering University of Calgary Alberta Canada

Literature review indicates that sample size, attribute variance and within-sample choice distribution of alternatives are important considerations in the estimation of multinomial logit （MNL） models, but their impacts on the estimation accuracy have not been systematically studied. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide an empirical examination to the above issues through a set of simulated discrete choice preference and rank ordered preference datasets. In this paper, the utility coefficients, alternative specific constants （ASCs）, and the mean and standard deviation of the four attributes for a set of seven hypothetical alternatives are specified as a priori. Then, synthetic datasets, with varying sample size, attribute variance and within-sample choice distribution are simulated. Based on these datasets, the utility coefficients and ASCs of the specified MNLs are re-estimated and compared with the original values specified as the priori. It is found that （1） the estimation accuracy of utility parameters increases as the sample size increases; （2） the utility coefficients can be re-estimated with reasonable accuracy, but the estimates of the ASCs are confronted with much larger errors; （3） as the variances of the alternative attributes increase, the estimation accuracy improves significantly; and （4） as the distribution of chosen choices becomes more balanced across alternatives within sample datasets, the hit-ratio decreases. The results indicate that （a） under a similar setting presented in this paper, a large sample consisting of a few thousand observations （3000 - 4000） may be needed in order to provide reasonable estimates for utility coefficients, particularly for ASCs; （b） a larger, but realistic attribute space is preferred in the stated preference survey design; and （c） choice datasets with unbalanced ＂chosen＂ choice frequency distribution is preferred, in order to better capture the elasticity between the ＂perceived utility＂ associated wit

关键词： Sample size attribute variance within-sample choice distribution simulated data

Potential influence of wildfire in modulating climate-induced forest redistribution in a central Rocky Mountain landscape

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 52-68页

作者： john L.Campbell douglas J.Shinneman Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA U.S.Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science CenterBoiseIDUSA.

Introduction:Climate change is expected to impose significant tension on the geographic distribution of tree ***,tree species range shifts may be delayed by their long life spans,capacity to withstand long periods of physiological stress,and dispersal *** could theoretically break this biological inertia by killing forest canopies and facilitating species redistribution under changing *** investigated the capacity of wildfire to modulate climate-induced tree redistribution across a montane landscape in the central Rocky Mountains under three climate scenarios(contemporary and two warmer future climates)and three wildfire scenarios(representing historical,suppressed,and future fire regimes).Methods:Distributions of four common tree species were projected over 90 years by pairing a climate niche model with a forest landscape simulation model that simulates species dispersal,establishment,and mortality under alternative disturbance regimes and climate ***:Three species(douglas-fir,lodgepole pine,subalpine fir)declined in abundance over time,due to climate-driven contraction in area suitable for establishment,while one species(ponderosa pine)was unable to exploit climate-driven expansion of area suitable for *** fire frequency accelerated declines in area occupied by douglas-fir,lodgepole pine,and subalpine fir,and it maintained local abundance but not range expansion of ponderosa ***:Wildfire may play a larger role in eliminating these conifer species along trailing edges of their distributions than facilitating establishment along leading edges,in part due to dispersal limitations and interspecific competition,and future populations may increasingly depend on persistence in locations unfavorable for their establishment.

关键词： Forest disturbance Wildfire Climate change Central Rocky Mountains Climate niche Species migration Species distribution

TiO_(2)photocatalytic ceramic membranes for water and wastewater treatment:Technical readiness and pathway ahead

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第16期183卷 152-164页

作者： Chin Ho Kirk Peikui Wang Chiang Yon douglas Chong Qi Zhao Jianguo Sun john Wang Department of Material Science and Engineering Faculty of EngineeringNational University of Singapore117574Singapore Department of Chemistry University of SherbrookeCanada ST Engineering Advanced Material Engineering Pte.Ltd. 619523Singapore National University of Singapore(NUS)Research Institute(Chongqing) Chongqing Liang Jiang New AreaChongqing401120China

TiO_(2)is one of the best-known environmentally friendly photocatalysts that has demonstrated the great potential to degrade a wide variety of organic foulants in water and wastewater treatment when placed under UV ***,TiO_(2)-based photocatalytic membranes are at the forefront of photodegra-dation research and technical *** membrane setup provides a high contact surface area for ef-fective filtration and degradation,without the necessary hassle of photocatalyst recovery after water and wastewater ***,TiO_(2)photocatalytic ceramic membranes have become an emerging re-search area due to the inherent chemical and mechanical stability of ceramic membranes,which enables them to outperform polymeric *** the recent shift from polymeric to ceramic membranes in industrial applications,TiO_(2)photocatalytic ceramic membranes will become a key player among the next-generation ceramic membranes,as they are capable of multiple *** review provides a timely and focused investigation into the fabrication and application of such TiO_(2)photocatalytic ceramic membranes for water and wastewater *** benefits of using photocatalytic ceramic membranes in filtration,such as a higher foulant removal efficiency,higher water permeability,and much improved antifouling capabilities,are highlighted and ***,the current research,technical readiness,and remaining gaps are identified,and a set of critical insights are provided using the available data to guide the developmental pathway of practical TiO_(2)photocatalytic ceramic membranes for water and wastewater treatment.

关键词： Water treatment Photocatalytic ceramic membranes Antifouling Titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))

Alleviating forest degradation in the Lancang-Mekong Region requires closing management—measurement gaps

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2033-2051页

作者： Julia Brewer James douglas Langston Kalifi Ferretti-Gallon john LInnes Shuyu Xin Hongbo Zhai Guangyu Wang Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCCanada APFNet Secretariat 6th FloorBaoneng Center Building A12 Futong DongdajieChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100102P.R.China

Deforestation and forest degradation are having profound negative impacts on social-ecological systems in the emerging economies across the ***,interest in restoring and rehabilitating degraded forests has been *** paper explores current issues related to addressing forest degradation in the Lancang-Mekong Region(LMR)of Southeast Asia through a review of the use of criteria and indicators for forest degradation and *** degradation must be understood in the context of its underlying drivers,which are numerous and *** these underlying drivers of degradation requires diagnosing the entwined political,social,economic,and environmental systems that aff ect *** are the relevant scales to diagnose and intervene for improved *** to restore or rehabilitate forests should be process-driven,focused on the underlying social,ecological and political processes that degrade *** should also include negotiation among all actors infl uencing and competing for natural resource claims in forest *** and indicators for forest landscape restoration should therefore help to improve the governance of forest *** and indicators provide measures of the biophysical outcomes of degradation,in addition to processes,but these should be adapted to changing contexts and emerging challenges,and should rectify any pre-existing fl awed *** activities should synthesize,integrate,and build upon the rich history of pre-existing restoration guidelines,but should be adaptable in order to be applied eff ectively in the contexts of local *** project is facilitating a dialogue around the use of criteria and indicators to help solve the degradation challenge in the *** will trial the use of the criteria and indicators generated through this research in the LMR to learn what works and what doesn’*** will provide an opportunity t

关键词： Forest rehabilitation Forest restoration Forest landscape restoration Sustainable forest management Criteria and indicators

In Vivo Phosphorylation Site Mapping and Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis Phototropin 1

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Molecular Plant 2008年第1期1卷 178-194页

作者： Stuart Sullivan Catriona E. Thomson douglas J. Lamont Matthew A. Jones john M. Christie Plant Science Group Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences University of Glasgow. University Avenue. Glasgow Scotland UK FingerPrints Proteomics Facility Post-Genomics and Molecular Interactions Centre. School of Life Sciences MSI/WTB/CIR Complex University of Dundee. Dundee Scotland UK

Phototropins （phot1 and phot2） are blue-light receptor kinases controlling a range of responses that optimize the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. Light sensing is mediated by two flavin-binding motifs, known as LOVl and LOV2, located within the N-terminal region of the protein. Photoexcitation via LOV2 leads to activation of the C-terminal kinase domain and consequently receptor autophosphorylation. However, knowledge of the in-vivo phosphorylation sites for Arabidopsis phototropins is lacking and has impeded progress in elucidating the functional significance of receptor phos- phorylation. We have purified photl from Arabidopsis and identified the in-vivo sites of receptor phosphorylation by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Arabidopsis-derived photl binds flavin mononucleotide as chromophore and is phosphorylated at four major sites located upstream of LOV2 （Ser^58, Ser^85, Ser^350, and Ser^410）, three of which are induced by blue light. Nevertheless, structure-function analysis indicates that the biological activity of photl can be attributed to a modular unit comprising the LOV2-kinase region of the protein. Thus, peptide regions upstream of LOV2, including the sites of receptor phosphorylation identified here, do not appear to be important for receptor signaling. By contrast, these regions may be necessary for maximizing stomatal performance and possibly light-induced relocalization of photl.

关键词： MODULAR UNIT Phototropins chromophores Phosphorylation Site Function analysis Upstream photosynthetic efficiency Arabidopsis PHOSPHONATION Receptor Signaling Flavin Mononucleotide Receptor

Succinate: A microbial product that modulates Drosophila nutritional physiology

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 315-318页

作者： Freya Q.Zhang john G.McMullen II Angela E.douglas Nana Y.D.Ankrah Department of Entomology Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Department of Biological Sciences State University of New York at PlattsburghPlattsburghNY 12901USA

Dear Editor,Gut microorganisms process food in animal guts and release many metabolic by-products,which are predicted to influence host physiological processes such as energy and lipid ***,we investigate how succi-nate,a TCA cycle intermediate that is a major predicted release product of gut bacteria in Drosophila,influences the nutritional physiology of its Drosophila *** ad-ministered succinate as a dietary supplement to microbe-free Drosophila,and quantified key nutritional *** succinate significantly reduced fly lipid levels by up to~50%.This response was not replicated in paral-lel experiments conducted with dietary fumarate supple-ment,indicating that it could not be attributed to a gen-eral effect of TCA *** hypothesize that microbe-derived succinate may contribute to the reduced lipid content of Drosophila bearing gut bacteria,relative to axenic *** generally,this study high-lights the importance of microbial-derived metabolites as regulators of host metabolism.

关键词： release intermediate attributed

基于整体规划框架的区域综合货运规划建模方法研究

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交通运输系统工程与信息 2022年第4期22卷 30-42页

作者：邓桂花钟鸣 RAZA Asif HUNT john-douglas 周勇武汉理工大学智能交通系统(ITS)研究中心武汉430063 武汉理工大学国家水运安全工程技术研究中心武汉430063 武汉理工大学水路公路交通安全控制与装备教育部工程技术研究中心武汉430063 卡尔加里大学土木工程系卡尔加里T2N 1N4加拿大上海海事大学交通运输学院上海201306

区域一体化快速发展背景下,如何系统谋划区域综合交通运输规划,使经济、土地/空间及交通与环境协调发展,是实现区域可持续发展亟需深入研究的课题。因此,本文统筹考虑经济、土地/空间及交通和环境要素的动态交互关系,提出大区域综合货... 详细信息

区域一体化快速发展背景下,如何系统谋划区域综合交通运输规划,使经济、土地/空间及交通与环境协调发展,是实现区域可持续发展亟需深入研究的课题。因此,本文统筹考虑经济、土地/空间及交通和环境要素的动态交互关系,提出大区域综合货运整体规划模型的设计与开发方法。利用PECAS(Production,Exchange and Consumption Allocation System)理论框架分析生产者、消费者、交换商品、土地(空间)和运输方式之间的交互关系,并通过PECAS的集计经济流表设计模型结构,构建相应的宏观经济预测、社会经济活动空间分配、空间开发以及交通运输需求预测这4个模块,模拟区域社会经济活动增长及其空间分布与土地/空间开发及综合交通需求时变等特征之间的互动耦合关系。在社会经济发展目标、土地空间和环境等约束条件下,通过构建空间经济模型和综合交通一体化网络分配模型,实现面向多货品和多方式的综合货运整体规划建模方法,以辅助区域产业布局、土地利用与综合交通系统的整体规划。本文以长江经济带为研究案例,基于相关数据构建相应的大区域综合货运整体规划模型,分析评估2012—2035年模型预测结果。结果显示,预测得到的综合交通年平均日货运量拟合优度超过85%,分担率误差低于1%,验证了本文建模方法的有效性。

关键词：综合运输综合货运规划模型土地利用-交通整体规划建模多货品货物运输超级网络区域整体规划

Comparison of four scanning mobility particle sizers at the Fresno Supersite

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Particuology 2011年第3期9卷 204-209页

作者： john G. Watson Judith C. Chow David A. Sodeman douglas H. Lowenthal M.-C. Oliver Chang Kihong Park Xiaoliang Wang Desert Research Institute 2215 Raggio Parkway Reno NV 89512 USA Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences 10 Fenghui South Road Xi'an High Tech Zone Xi'an 710075 China San Diego Air Pollution Control District San Diego CA USA. California Air Resources Board El Monte CA USA. Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju Korea.

Size distributions of ambient aerosols at the Fresno Supersite were measured with four commercially available scanning mobility particle sizers （SMPS）. TSI nano, TSI standard, Grimm, and MSP instruments were collocated at the Fresno Supersite and particle size distributions were measured continuously from August 18 through September 18, 2005. For particles with diameters between 10 and 200 nm, differences among hourly-average ambient particle concentrations ranged from 0% between the TSI nano and Grimm in the 30-50 nm size range to 39% between the Grimm and MSP in the 10-30 nm size range. MSP concentrations were 10-33% lower than those measured with the TSI standard for particles smaller than 200 nm. The TSI nano and TSI standard agreed to within 5% in their overlapping size range （10-84 nm）. The TSI nano and Grimm agreed to within 40% for 5-10 nm particles.

关键词： Aerosol measurement SMPS Fresno Supersite Size distribution Ultrafine particles