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Investigation into a practical approach and application of cotton fiber elongation

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Journal of cotton Research 2023年第1期6卷 13-24页

作者： DELHOM christopher D. WANJURA john D. PELLETIER Mathew G. HOLT Gregory A. HEQUET Eric F. USDA-ARS New OrleansLA 70124USA USDA-ARS LubbockTX 79403USA Texas Tech University LubbockTX 79409USA

Background The strength of cotton fiber has been extensively studied and significantly improved through selec-tive breeding,but fiber elongation has largely been ignored,even though elongation contributes to determining the energy needed to break *** developments to calibrate the high volume instrument(HVI)for elongation has renewed interest in ***,it is not understood how best to utilize yet another fiber property which has the potential to add to the complexity of fiber *** explore a practical approach to applying elongation,cot-ton samples were tested using single fiber methods,the Stelometer,and the *** of strength,elongation,and combined properties such as modulus were *** HVI testing was shown to be sensitive enough to characterize elongation differences but unlike single fiber testing it was unable to capture within-sample *** bundle testing,like Stelometer and HVI was shown to reduce bias due to fiber *** The use of secant modulus,an intrinsic material property,allowed for one value to represent both strength and *** modulus was shown to contain more useful information than either elongation or ***-to-break was shown to be more influenced by a specific value of breaking force or elongation rather than the intrinsic behavior of the sample being *** the influence of genetics and environment on elongation,and its interaction with other fiber properties,requires additional *** modulus,by combining strength and elongation into one value,shows the potential to incorporate elongation values into fiber characteriza-tion without increasing the complexity of current fiber selection processes.

关键词： cotton Elongation Tenacity Work-to-break ModulusBackground

cronkhite-canada Syndrome:an unusual finding of gastro-intestinal adenomatous polyps in a syndrome characterized by hamartomatous polyps

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第3期3卷 254-257页

作者： christopher M.Flannery john A.Lunn Department of Gastroenterology Loma Linda University Medical CenterLoma LindaCAUSA Department of Gastroenterology Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System Loma LindaCAUSA

cronkhite-canada syndrome is a rare,hamartomatous polyposis syndrome of unknown *** gastrointestinal polyps,alopecia,onychodystrophy,cutaneous hyperpigmentation,abdominal pain,diarrhea,and complications of weight loss are typical of the *** this report,we describe a pathological finding of colonic adenomatous polyposis as opposed to hamartomatous *** also describe our treatment,long-term therapeutic plan,and the need for further research.

关键词： cronkhite-canada syndrome gastro-intestinal adenomatous polyps hamartomatous polyps

Strategies towards robust interpretations of in situ zircon oxygen isotopes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 241-255页

作者： Janne Liebmann christopher L.Kirkland john B.cliff christopher J.Spencer Aaron J.cavosie Timescales of Mineral Systems Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWashington 99354United States Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada Space Science and Technology centre The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary ScienceCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia

Oxygen isotopes are a versatile tool to address a wide range of questions in the Earth *** include geothermometry,paleoclimatology,tracing of geochemical reservoirs,fluid-rock interaction,magmatic petrogenesis,and identification of extra-terrestrial *** arguably provides one of the most robust records of primary magmatic O isotope ratio due to low diffusion rates in crystalline *** ability to correlate zircon O isotopes with temporal and petrogenetic information(e.g.U-Pb geochronology,Lu-Hf isotopes,and trace elements)makes this mineral a key archive for understanding Earth’s crustal ***,zircon O isotope geochemistry has found widespread usage to address fundamental questions across the earth and planetary *** general apparent ease of O isotopic acquisition through the advancement of rapid in situ techniques(*** ion mass spectrometry;SIMS)and associated dedicated national laboratories has led to the generation of large O isotopic data sets of variable quality,highlighting the importance of a coherent workflow for data collection,reduction,and *** paper presents a set of approaches for measurement,assessment,and reporting of zircon O isotope *** focus in this contribution is on in situ analysis via secondary ion mass spectrometry using large geometry instruments,but other commonly used techniques are briefly reviewed for *** work aims to provide an analytical framework necessary for geologically meaningful interpretation of O isotope *** addition,we describe inherent geological(***-induced disturbance of the zircon O isotopic system)and analytical(*** due to sample topography effects)challenges and outline means to identify and avoid such issues as a prerequisite to the generation of robust primary O isotopic signatures for geological interpretation.

关键词： In situ Oxygen isotopes Zircon SIMS Secondary ion mass spectrometry Off-mount standard

African cassava Whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,Resistance in African and South American cassava Genotypes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 327-336页

作者： christopher A Omongo Robert Kawuki Antony c Bellotti Titus Alicai Yona Baguma M N Maruthi Anton Bua john colvin National crops Resources Research Institute NamulongeP.O.Box 7084KampalaUganda International centre for Tropical Agriculture(cIAT) A.A.6713CaliColombia Natural Resources Institute University of GreenwichCentral AvenueChatham MaritimeChathamKent ME4 4TBUK

The whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,is a major pest of cassava,particularly in Africa where it is responsible both for the transmission of plant viruses and,increasingly,for direct damage due to feeding by high *** date,there have been no practical solutions to combat this emerging problem,due to the inability of the subsistence farmers that grow cassava to afford expensive inputs such as insecticides.A programme of research was carried out linking institutes in Africa,the UK and South America,to identify possible resistance sources in cassava to the whitefly,Bemisia *** South American genotype MEcu 72 and several Ugandan cassava landraces including Ofumba chai,Nabwire 1 and Mercury showed good levels of resistance to *** and screen-house experiments showed that all of the improved,high-yielding cassava mosaic disease（cMD）resistant cassava genotypes assessed were highly susceptible to *** and supported high populations of all life *** data support the hypothesis that the continuing high populations of cassava *** in Uganda are due,in part,to the widespread adoption of cMD-resistant cassava varieties during the cMD *** also show that the whitefly,Aleurotrachelus socialis,resistance present in the South American cassava genotypes could have broader applicability in the Old World.

关键词： whitefly resistance cassava direct pest Africa South America

Treatment of hemorrhoids: A survey of surgical practice in Australia and New Zealand

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World Journal of clinical cases 2019年第22期7卷 3742-3750页

作者： George E Fowler Javariah Siddiqui Assad Zahid christopher john Young Department of colorectal Surgery Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation TrustExeter EX25DWUnited Kingdom Department of colorectal Surgery Royal Prince Alfred HospitalNewtown 2042NSWAustralia

BAcKGROUND Hemorrhoidal disease is the most common anorectal *** can be classified as external or internal,according to their relation to the dentate *** hemorrhoids originate below the dentate line and are managed conservatively unless the patient cannot keep the perianal region clean,or they cause significant *** hemorrhoids originate above the dentate line and can be managed according to the graded degree of prolapse,as described by ***,low-grade internal hemorrhoids are effectively treated conservatively,by non-operative measures,while high-grade internal hemorrhoids warrant procedural *** To determine the application of clinical practice guidelines for the current management of hemorrhoids and colorectal surgeon consensus in Australia and New *** An online survey was distributed to 206 colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand using 17 guideline-based hypothetical clinical *** There were 82 respondents(40%)to 17 guideline-based ***(53%)reached consensus,of which only 1(6%)disagreed with the *** was based on low quality evidence for the management of acutely thrombosed external *** were 8 scenarios which showed community equipoise(47%)and they were equally divided for agreeing or disagreeing with the *** topics were based on low and moderate levels of *** included the initial management of grade I internal hemorrhoids,grade III internal hemorrhoids when initial management had failed and the patient had recognised risks factors for septic complications;and finally,the decision-making when considering patient preferences,including a prompt return to work,or minimal post-operative *** Although there are areas of consensus in the management of hemorrhoids,there are many areas of community equipoise which would benefit from further research.

关键词： Hemorrhoids clinical practice guidelines Survey consensus

colorectal surgeon consensus with diverticulitis clinical practice guidelines

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第11期9卷 224-232页

作者： Javariah Siddiqui Assad Zahid Jonathan Hong christopher john Young Discipline of Surgery University of Sydney Department of colorectal Surgery Royal Prince Alfred Hospital

AIM To determine the application of clinical practice guidelines for the current management of diverticulitis and colorectal surgeon specialist consensus in Australia and New *** A survey was distributed to 205 colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand, using 22 hypothetical clinical *** The response rate was 102(50%). For 19 guidelinebased scenarios, only 11(58%) reached consensus(defined as > 70% majority opinion) and agreed with guidelines; while 3(16%) reached consensus and did not agree with guidelines. The remaining 5(26%) scenarios showed community equipoise(defined as less than/equal to 70% majority opinion). These included diagnostic imaging where cT scan was contraindicated, management options in the failureof conservative therapy for complicated diverticulitis, surgical management of Hinchey grade 3, proximal extent of resection in sigmoid diverticulitis and use of oral mechanical bowel preparation and antibiotics for an elective colectomy. The consensus areas not agreeing with guidelines were management of simple diverticulitis, management following the failure of conservative therapy in uncomplicated diverticulitis and follow-up after an episode of complicated diverticulitis. Fifty-percent of rural/regional based surgeons would perform an urgent sigmoid colectomy in failed conservative therapy of diverticulitis compared to only 8% of surgeons city-based(Fisher's exact test P = 0.016). In right-sided complicated diverticulitis, a greater number of those in practice for more than ten years would perform an ileocecal resection and ileocolic anastomosis(79% vs 41%, P cONcLUSION While there are areas of consensus in diverticulitis management, there are areas of community equipoise for future research, potentially in the form of RcTs.

关键词： Diverticulitis clinical practice guidelines consensus

Environmental landscape determinants of maximum forest canopy height of boreal forests

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第1期12卷 96-102页

作者： Lingfeng Mao christopher W.Bater john JStadt Barry White Piotr Tompalski Nicholas c.coops Scott E.Nielsen Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2H1Canada Forest Management Branch Forestry DivisionAlberta Agriculture and ForestryEdmontonAlberta T5K 2M4Canada Department of Forest Resource Management University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish Columbia V6T 1Z4Canada

Aims canopy height is a key driver of forest biodiversity and carbon *** estimates of canopy height are needed for assess-ing mechanisms relating to ecological patterns and processes of tree height *** global scales forest canopy height patterns are largely controlled by climate,while local variation at fine scales is due to differences in disturbance history and local patterns in envir-onmental *** relative effect of local environmental driv-ers on canopy height is poorly understood partly due to gaps in data on canopy height and methods for examining limiting ***,we used airborne laser scanning(ALS)data on vegetation structure of boreal forests to examine the effects of environmental factors on potential maximum forest canopy *** Relationships between maximum canopy height from ALS meas-ures and environmental variables were examined to assess factors limiting tree ***,we used quantile regression at the 0.90 quantile to relate maximum canopy height with environmental characteristics of climate(*** annual temperature[MAT]and mean annual precipitation),terrain(***)and depth-to-water(DTW)across a 33000 km2 multiple use boreal forest landscape in northeast Alberta,*** Findings Maximum canopy height was positively associated with MAT,ter-rain slope and terrain-derived DTW,collectively explaining 33.2%of the variation in *** strongest explanatory variable was DTW explaining 26%of canopy height variation with peatland forests having naturally shorter maximum canopy heights,but also more sites currently at their maximum potential *** con-trast,the most productive forests(*** to xeric upland forests)had the fewest sites at their potential maximum height,illustrating the effects of long-term forest management,wildfires and general anthropogenic footprints on reducing the extent and abundance of older,taller forest habitat in Alberta’s boreal forest.

关键词： forest succession vegetation structure quantile regression remote sensing airborne laser scanning(ALS)

changes in the quality of river water before,during and after a major flood event associated with a La Nina cycle and treatment for drinking purposes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第10期26卷 1985-1993页

作者： Mohamad Fared Murshed Zeeshan Aslam Rosmala Lewis christopher chow Dongsheng Wang Mary Drikas john van Leeuwen centre for Water Management and Reuse Natural and Built Environments University of South Australia Australian Water Quality centre South Australian Water Corporation State Key Laboratory for Environmental Aquatic chemistry Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Barbara Hardy Institute Natural and Built EnvironmentsUniversity of South Australia

The treatment of organics present in the lower reaches of a major river system（the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia） before（March–July 2010）, during（December 2010–May 2011） and after（April–December 2012） a major flood period was investigated. The flood period（over 6 months）occurred during an intense La Nia cycle, leading to rapid and high increases in river flows and organic loads in the river water. Dissolved organic carbon（DOc） increased（2–3 times） to high concentrations（up to 16 mg/L） and was found to correlate with river flow rates. The treatability of organics was studied using conventional jar tests with alum and an enhanced coagulation model（mEnco）. Predicted mean alum dose rates（per mg DOc） were higher before（9.1 mg alum/mg DOc） and after（8.5 mg alum/mg DOc） than during the flood event（8.0 mg alum/mg DOc）,indicating differences in the character of the organics in raw waters. To assess the character of natural organic matter present in raw and treated waters, high performance size exclusion chromatography with UV and fluorescence detectors were used. During the flood period, high molecular weight UV absorbing compounds（〉2 kDa） were mostly detected in waters collected,but were not evident in waters collected before and afterwards. The relative abundances of humic-like and protein-like compounds during and following the flood period were also investigated and found to be of a higher molecular weight during the flood period. The treatability of the organics was found to vary over the three climate conditions investigated.

关键词： Alum coagulation Flood mEnco prediction dose(EncD) La Ni?a

Acute coronary syndromes： an old age problem

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Journal of Geriatric cardiology 2012年第2期9卷 192-196页

作者： Alexander D Simms Philip D Batin john Kurian Nigel Durham christopher P Gale centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Level 8 Worsley Building University of Leeds Clarendon Way West Yorkshire Leeds LS2 9JT UK Hull and York Medical School York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust York Y031 8HE UK Department of cardiology York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust York Y031 8HE UK Department of cardiology Mid Yorkshire NHS Trust Wakefield WF1 4DG UK Department of cardiology Bradford Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Bradford UK

在老年的增加的人口将导致他们的更大的数字与急性冠的症候群(交流) 介绍。这在全球保健资源上有含意并且为基于证据的治疗要求更好的管理和选择。老比更年轻的交流是有更重要的治疗好处的一个高风险组。不过，在交流的相关不平等在乎... 详细信息

在老年的增加的人口将导致他们的更大的数字与急性冠的症候群(交流) 介绍。这在全球保健资源上有含意并且为基于证据的治疗要求更好的管理和选择。老比更年轻的交流是有更重要的治疗好处的一个高风险组。不过，在交流的相关不平等在乎的年龄被认出并且坚持。到某程度，在照顾的这差异被不正常、推迟的演讲的更高的频率在表示在老、不太诊断的心电图解释，加强在交流的延期诊断。在死亡风险在的评价下面由于为生理的脆弱，合作病态，认知 / 心理的缺陷和物理残疾的有限考虑老，由心病学专家和 randomised 的缺乏的更少的输入，指导管理在的控制试用数据老可以进一步使照顾的不平等惊讶。当这些不平等存在时，在那里仍然是一个实质的机会改进年龄相关交流结果。为特定的治疗和药政体的老病人的选择是未答复的。对 randomised 有成长需要，人口更代表性并且与合作病态先进年龄注册那些的控制试用数据。不利事件报导的缺乏，张贴冠的 angiography 例如肾的缺陷，在老进一步的限制风险利益决定。在老交流病人的照顾的实质的改进被要求并且应该被倡导。最终，这些改进是可能的导致更好的结果柱子交流。然而，在结果的改进不是无限的并且将由年龄相关的风险的非可修改的因素有限。

关键词：急性冠脉综合征年龄急性冠状动脉综合征中老年人冠状动脉造影风险估计 AcS 肾功能不全