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Interactive influence of rainfall manipulation and livestock grazing on species diversity of the herbaceous layer community in a humid savannah in Kenya

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Plant Diversity 2019年第3期41卷 198-205页

作者： Joseph O.Ondier Daniel O.Okach john c.onyango Dennis O.Otieno Department of Botany Maseno University Private Bag Maseno Kenya Department of Biological Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology P.O Box 210-40601 Bondo Kenya Department of Plant Ecology University of Bayreuth D-95440 Bayreuth Germany

changes in rainfall regime and grazing pressure affect vegetation composition and diversity with ecological implications for savannahs. The savannah in East Africa has experienced increased livestock grazing and rainfall variability but the impacts associated with those changes on the herbaceous layer have rarely been documented. We investigated the effect of livestock grazing, rainfall manipulation and their interaction on the composition and diversity of the herbaceous community in the savannah for two years in Lambwe, Kenya. Rainfall manipulation plots were set up for vegetation sampling;these plots received either 50% more or 50% less rainfall than control plots. Simpson’s diversity and Bergere Parker indices were used to determine diversity changes and dominance respectively. The frequency of species was used to compute their abundance and their life forms as determined from the literature. Grazing significantly increased species diversity through suppression of dominant species. Rainfall manipulation had no significant impact on plant diversity in fenced plots, but rainfall reduction significantly reduced diversity in grazed plots. In contrast, rainfall manipulation had no impact on dominance in either fenced or grazed plots. The interaction of grazing and rainfall manipulation is complex and will require additional survey campaigns to create a complete picture of the implications for savannah structure and composition.

关键词： Plant diversity Grazing Rainfall Moist savannah

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Review of Networked Microgrid Protection:Architectures,challenges,Solutions,and Future Trends

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cSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 448-467页

作者： Jorge de la cruz Ying Wu john E.candelo-Becerra Juan c.Vasquez Josep M.Guerrero center for Research on Microgrids(cROM) Department of Energy TechnologyAalborg University9220 AalborgDenmark Facultad de Minas Departamento de Energia Eléctrica y AutomaticaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellinCarrera 80 No.65-223RobledoMedellin 050041Colombia. center for Research on Microgrids at UPc(UPc cROM) Department of Electronic EngineeringTechnical University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 Barcelona Spain IcREA Pg.Lluis Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain center for Research on Microgrids at AAU(AAU cROM) AAU EnergyAalborg University(AAU)9220 Aalborg EastDenmark

Design and selection of advanced protection schemes have become essential for reliable and secure operation of networked microgrids.Various protection schemes that allow correct operation of microgrids have been proposed for individual systems in different topologies and connections.Nevertheless,protection schemes for networked microgrids are still in devel-opment,and further research is required to design and operate advanced protection in interconnected systems.Interconnection of these microgrids in different nodes with various intercon-nection technologies increases fault occurrence and complicates protection operation.This paper aims to point out challenges in developing protection for networked microgrids,potential solutions,and research areas that need to be addressed for their development.First,this article presents a systematic analysis of different microgrid clusters proposed since 2016,including several architectures of networked microgrids,operation modes,components,and utilization of renewable sources,which have not been widely explored in previous review papers.Second,the paper presents a discussion on protection systems currently available for microgrid clusters,current challenges,and solutions that have been proposed for these systems.Finally,it discusses the trend of protection schemes in networked microgrids and presents some conclusions related to implementation.IndexTerms—Adaptive eprotection,microgrid cluster,microgrid,multiple microgrid,networked microgrid,real-time simulation,smart grid.

关键词： Adaptive eprotection microgrid cluster microgrid multiple microgrid networked microgrid real-time simulation smart grid

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Optimizing oncolytic virus design:a“Swiss army knife”approach to create a systemically delivered therapeutic

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1791-1792页

作者： carolina S.Ilkow john cameron Bell Ottawa Hospital Research Institute 501 Smyth RoadOttawaONK1H 8L6Canada

In a recent paper published in Nature Biotechnology,chen et al.1 describe a multiplex oncolytic virus platform that coupled with adoptive T cell therapy could solve the problem of repeat,systemic delivery of virus based therapeutics.It is widely accepted that multi-targeted therapeutic approaches attacking several facets of cancer biology are necessary to effectively deal with the tumor heterogeneity that exists within and between patients.

关键词： therapeutic al. targeted

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Outcomes following minimally invasive dorsal cheilectomy for hallux rigidus:A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 585-592页

作者： Katherine Esser James J Butler Mackenzie Roof Nathaniel P Mercer Michael c Harrington Alan P Samsonov Andrew J Rosenbaum john G Kennedy Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Toledo Medical center University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH 43614United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10002United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Albany Medical CenterAlbanyNY 12208United States

BAcKGROUND cheilectomy of the 1^(st)metatarsophalangeal joint(MTPJ)is one of the most common procedures for the management of hallux rigidus.However,there is no consensus regarding outcomes following minimally invasive dorsal cheilectomy(MIDc)for the management of hallux rigidus.AIM To evaluate outcomes following MIDc for the management of hallux rigidus.METHODS During November 2023,the PubMed,EMBASE and cochrane Library databases were systematically reviewed to identify clinical studies examining outcomes following MIDc for the management of hallux rigidus.RESULTS Six studies were included.In total,348 patients(370 feet)underwent MIDc for hallux rigidus at a weighted mean follow-up of 37.9±16.5 months.The distribution of patients by coughlin and Shurna's classification was recorded in 4 studies as follows:Ⅰ(58 patients,27.1%),Ⅱ(112 patients,52.3%),Ⅲ(44 patients,20.6%).Three studies performed an additional 1^(st)MTPJ arthroscopy and debridement following MIDc.Retained intra-articular bone debris was observed in 100%of patients in 1 study.The weighted mean American orthopedic foot and ankle society score improved from a preoperative score of 68.9±3.2 to a postoperative score of 87.1.The complication rate was 8.4%,the most common of which was persistent joint pain and stiffness.Thirty-two failures(8.7%)were observed.Thirty-three secondary procedures(8.9%)were performed at a weighted mean time of 8.6±3.2 months following the index procedure.cONcLUSION This systematic review demonstrated improvements in subjective clinical outcomes together with a moderate complication rate following MIDc for the management of hallux rigidus at short-term follow-up.A moderate reoperation rate at short-term follow-up was recorded.The marked heterogeneity between included studies and paucity of high quality comparative studies limits the generation of any robust conclusions.

关键词： Minimally invasive dorsal cheilectomy Hallux rigidus The first metatarsophalangeal joint cheilectomy Minimally invasive surgery

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The first record of a Konservat-Lagerstätten in which early post-settlement stages of fossil archaeobalanids(cirripedia:Balanomorpha)are preserved

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 200-223页

作者： Tomáš KOcÍ Rok GAŠPARIc john BUcKERIDGE Martina KOcOVÁ VESELSKÁ Aleš ŠOSTER Ivancická581 PragueCzech Republic Palaeontological Department Natural History MuseumNational MuseumPragueCzech Republic Oertijdmuseum Bosscheweg 80Boxtel5293 WBThe Netherlands Institute for Palaeobiology and Evolution Novi TrgKamnikSlovenia Earth and Oceanic Systems Group RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia Museums Victoria CarltonVictoriaAustralia Department of Paleobiology and Paleoecology Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia

A diverse sessile barnacle fauna from a Miocene shallow-water deposit at Dolnja Stara vas in Slovenia is described.It includes the first descriptions of early post settlement juveniles of Actinobalanus sloveniensis attached to mangrove leaves.These represent three distinct growth phases,the earliest being interpreted as being less than 24 h post settlement,the others being 1 to 2 days post settlement.An assessment of their taphonomy is provided.Associated adult balanomorphs are attached to a variety of organic substrates,including mangrove leaves and branches,fragments of the conifers?Taxodioxylon,carapoxylon,pine cones,molluscs,and cetacean bones.The barnacles include A.sloveniensis,Amphibalanus venustus,and Perforatus perforatus—many with opercula retained within the shells.A.venustus retains some of the original shell color.This is the second record of barnacle–plant associations from the central Paratethys from Kamnik and Trbovlje.The paleoecology and paleogeography of the site are discussed.

关键词： acorn barnacles barnacle metamorphosis epibiont paleoecology taxonomy

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Interfacial friction induced capillary flow within nanofiber-supported ionic liquid droplets

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第5期9卷 789-791页

作者： Yuanyuan Zhao Gang Xia Yintung Lam john Haozhong Xin School of Fashion and Textiles The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Shenzhen Research Institute The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityShenzhenChina

As global economic growth increases,the demand for energy sources boosts.While fossil fuels have traditionally satisﬁed this demand,their environmental inﬂuence and limited reserves require alternatives.Fossil fuel combustion contributes substantially to greenhouse gas emissions,with a pressing need to halve these emissions by 2030 and target net-zero by 2050.Renewable energy sources,contributing currently to 29%of global electricity,are viewed as promising substitutes.With wind energy's potential,Zheng's team developed a novel method to harness even low wind speeds using well-aligned nanoﬁbers and an innovative“drop wind generator”.This system,combining moisture-saturated ionic liquid 3-Methyl-1-octylimidazolium chloride with speciﬁc nanoﬁber arrays,exploits wind-inducedﬂows for energy conversion.This study highlights the vast untapped potential of low-speed wind as a sustainable energy source potentially for electronics.

关键词： Wind energy Low-speed wind Ionic liquid Electronic devices

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2024 Adult compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary Hastert chelsea L.Kracht john M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghui cai Minghui Quan catrine Tudor-Locke Melicia c.Whitt-Glover David R. Jacobs Jr. Kansas center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA college of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA clinical Sciences Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA college of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of Epidemiology and community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health guidelines.Methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible.Results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers.We added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults.We added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major Headings.conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exercise MET Physical Activities

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New markers of fibrosis in hepatitis c:A step towards the Holy Grail?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 112-114页

作者： Konstantinos john Dabos Department of Hepatology St Hohn's HospitalLivingston EH546PPWest LothianUnited Kingdom

In the present issue of the World Journal of Hepatology,Ferrassi et al examine the problem of liver fibrosis staging in chronic hepatitis c.They identify novel biomarkers in an effort to predict accurate fibrosis staging with the aid of the metabolome of Hepatitis c patients.Overall I think Ferrassi et al took a different approach in identifying fibrosis biomarkers,by looking at the patients’metabolome.Their biomarkers clearly separate patients from controls.They can also separate out,patients with minimal fibrosis(F0-F1 stage)and patients with cirrhosis(F4 stage).Obviously,if these biomarkers were to be widely used,tests for all the important metabolites would need to be readily available for use in hospitals or outpatient setting and that may prove difficult and above all,costly.Nevertheless,this step could eventually lead to a metabolomic approach for novel biomarkers of Fibrosis.Obviously,it would need to be validated,but could represent a step towards the Holy Grail of Hepatology.

关键词： Hepatitis c metabolomics Fibrosis Non invasive markers Metavir

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Targeting TrkB–PSD-95 coupling to mitigate neurological disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang john Marshall Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA center for Translational Neuroscience Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and memory.The activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected by long-term potentiation.Postsynaptically,the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase cγ-ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term potentiation.In this review,we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders.A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and depression.Treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic,due to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 isoform.Although TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific functions.Targeting TrkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.

关键词： Angelman syndrome autism brain-derived neurotrophic factor depression neurodegenerative disorder neurodevelopmental disorder postsynaptic density protein-95 synaptic plasticity TrkB

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Orbits inside Fatou sets

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年

作者： john Erik FORN?SS Mi HU Department of Mathematical Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Mathematics University of Oslo Department of Mathematical Physical and Computer Sciences University of Parma

In this paper,we investigate the precise behavior of orbits inside attracting basins of rational functions on P1and entire functions f in c.Let R（z） be a rational function on P1,A（p） be the basin of attraction of an attracting fixed point p of R,and?i（i=1,2,···） be the connected components of A（p）.Assume?1contains p.Let p0∈?1close to p.Then there exists a constant c so that for any z0∈?i,there is a point q∈∪kR-k（p0）,k≥0 so that the Kobayashi distance d?i（z0,q）≤c.For entire functions f,we generally can not have similar results as for rational functions.However,if f has finitely many critical points,then similar results hold.

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