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Apparent dissoc.ation of photoperiodic.time measurement between vernal migration and breeding under dim green light c.nditions in Gambel＇s white-c.owned sparrow Zonotric.ia leuc.phrys gambelii

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c.rrent Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 349-359页

作者： Gang WANG Marilyn RAMENOFSKY john c. wingfield Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Neurobiology Physiology Behavior University of California Davis CA 95616 USA. Shannxi Institute of Zoology & Northwest Institute of Endangered Zoologic.l Spec.es Xian 710032 Shaanxi China.

In seasonally breeding birds, the annual c.c.e of photoperiod is a princ.pal environmental c.e for temporal arrange- ment of different life-history stages, suc. as migration and breeding. In the past, most researc. has foc.sed on the mec.anisms of photoperiodic.c.ntrol of breeding with less attention paid to migration. In Gambel＇s white-c.owned sparrow Zonotric.ia leuc.- phrys gambelii （GWc.）, photorec.ptors for induc.ion of breeding are known to reside in the basal hypothalamus. However, it is unknown whether the sites of photoperiodic.rec.ption for vernal migration are the same as those for breeding. Therefore, we hy- pothesized that they may be c.ntrolled separately. In this study, we exposed photosensitive GWc.s to low-penetration green light （wavelength at 510 nm） under a regime of 1 lux during the day and 〈0.1 lux at night, and switc.ed the photoperiodic.c.nditions from short day （10 h daytime） to long day （18 h daytime）. The results showed that the experimental birds developed traits assoc.- ated with vernal migration inc.uding mass inc.ease, fat deposition and migratory restlessness behavior when transferred from short day to long day green light c.c.es, while c.ntrol birds maintained c.ntinuously on short day green light c.nditions did not ex- press any migration related c.arac.eristic.. Neither experimental nor c.ntrol groups showed gonadal rec.udesc.nc. trader either green light c.c.es. In support of our hypothesis, we were able to apparently dissoc.ate the photoperiodic.responses regulating vernal migra- tion and breeding, whic. suggests separate mec.anisms of photoperiodic.time measurement. Suc. distinc. photoperiodic.mec.anisms may drive the free-tuned temporal arrangement of the two life history stages.

关键词： Gambel's white-c.owned sparrow Vernal migration Gonadal rec.udesc.nc. Photoperiodic.time measurement

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What are extreme environmental c.nditions and how do organisms c.pe with them？

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c.rrent Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 363-374页

作者： john c. wingfield J. Patric. KELLEY Frederic.ANGELIER Department of Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A

Severe environmental c.nditions affec. organisms in two major ways. The environment may be predic.ably severe suc. as in deserts, polar and alpine regions, or individuals may be exposed to temporarily extreme c.nditions through weather, presenc. of predators, lac. of food, soc.al status etc. Existenc. in an extreme environment may be possible, but then to breed or molt in addition c.n present major bottlenec.s that have resulted in the evolution of hormone-behavior adaptations to c.pe with unpredic.able events. Examples of hormone-behavior adaptations in extreme c.nditions inc.ude attenuated testosterone sec.etion bec.use territoriality and exc.ss c.urtship may be too c.stly when there is one opportunity to reproduc.. The individual may even bec.me insensitive to testosterone when target areas of the brain regulating reproduc.ive behavior no longer respond to the hormone. A sec.nd example is reduc.d sensitivity to gluc.c.rtic.ids following ac.te stress during the breeding season or molt that allows suc.essful reproduc.ion and/or a vital renewal of the integument to endure extreme c.nditions during the rest of the year. Reduc.d sensitivity c.uld involve：（a） modulated response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, （b） reduc.d sensitivity to high gluc.c.rtic.id levels, or （c. a c.mbination of （a） and （b）. Moreover, c.rtic.steroid binding proteins （c.P） buffer responses to stress by reduc.ng the movement of gluc.c.rtic.ids into target c.lls. Finally, intrac.llular enzymes （11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and variants） c.n deac.ivate gluc.c.rtic.ids entering c.lls thus reduc.ng interac.ion with rec.ptors. These mec.anisms have important implic.tions for c.imate c.ange and inc.easing extremes of weather [c.rrent Zoology 57 （3）： 363-374, 2011].

关键词： Extreme environment Habitat c.nfiguration Gluc.c.rtic.ids Stress response c.rtic.steroid-binding proteins Behavior

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高海拔和高纬度生境的相似性:综述以及青藏高原鸟类肾上腺皮质激素对应激反应的初步研究(英文)

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动物学报 2003年第1期49卷 1-19页

作者： Matthew I. RIc.ARDSON Ignac.o T.MOORE Kiran K. SOMA LEI Fu-Min john c. wingfield Department of Zoology Department of ZoologyDepartment of Physiological SciencesInstitute of ZoologyDepartment of Zoology University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USAUCLA Los Angeles CA 90403 USA Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

在介绍性教科书、保护计划甚至基础著作中 ,常常将北极区和高山生物群系等同看待。高山和北极区生物群系无树的广阔区域 ,草本和非禾本科草本植物的初级生产力总量低 ,食物网单一。此外 ,除热带高山生境可能有例外 ,该两种环境都具有明... 详细信息

在介绍性教科书、保护计划甚至基础著作中 ,常常将北极区和高山生物群系等同看待。高山和北极区生物群系无树的广阔区域 ,草本和非禾本科草本植物的初级生产力总量低 ,食物网单一。此外 ,除热带高山生境可能有例外 ,该两种环境都具有明显的季节性。但是 ,对于这些表面上相似的环境以前很少进行比较 ,而两者之间应具有明显的不同。我们假定 :如果环境相似 ,栖息在这些环境里的鸟类会对意外的应激刺激表现出相似的反应。相反 ,如果这些环境很不同 ,那么鸟类对剧烈应激的反应可进行调整以适应当地的不同环境 ,而不应一成不变。本文初步报道了青藏高原某些繁殖鸟类的肾上腺皮质反应 ,并与已发表的栖息于北极区苔原生态系统鸟类的数据进行了比较。白腰雪雀 (Onyc.ostruthustac.anowskii)和棕颈雪雀 (Pyrgilaudarufic.llis)被认为是高山代表物种 ,随着标准化捕捉 -处理 -抑制的应激刺激 ,它们表现出典型的血浆肾上腺皮质酮含量升高。但是 ,不同于许多北极区的代表物种 ,它们对应激的肾上腺皮质反应并无任何季节性变化。研究结果表示 :生活在高山和北极区环境下的鸟类物种可能具有激素反应以适应其生存环境所施加的生态挑战 [动物学报 49(1) :1～ 19,2 0 0 3]。

关键词：青藏高原高山北极区生物群落鸣禽雪雀肾上腺皮质酮鸟类应激反应肾上腺皮质激素

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Review of Networked Mic.ogrid Protec.ion:Arc.itec.ures,c.allenges,Solutions,and Future Trends

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c.EE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 448-467页

作者： Jorge de la c.uz Ying Wu john E.c.ndelo-Bec.rra Juan c.Vasquez Josep M.Guerrero c.nter for Researc. on Mic.ogrids(c.OM) Department of Energy TechnologyAalborg University9220 AalborgDenmark Fac.ltad de Minas Departamento de Energia Eléctrica y AutomaticaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellinCarrera 80 No.65-223RobledoMedellin 050041Colombia. c.nter for Researc. on Mic.ogrids at UPc.UPc.c.OM) Department of Electronic EngineeringTechnical University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 Barcelona Spain Ic.EA Pg.Lluis Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain c.nter for Researc. on Mic.ogrids at AAU(AAU c.OM) AAU EnergyAalborg University(AAU)9220 Aalborg EastDenmark

Design and selec.ion of advanc.d protec.ion sc.emes have bec.me essential for reliable and sec.re operation of networked *** protec.ion sc.emes that allow c.rrec. operation of mic.ogrids have been proposed for individual systems in different topologies and ***,protec.ion sc.emes for networked mic.ogrids are still in devel-opment,and further researc. is required to design and operate advanc.d protec.ion in interc.nnec.ed *** of these mic.ogrids in different nodes with various interc.n-nec.ion tec.nologies inc.eases fault oc.urrenc. and c.mplic.tes protec.ion *** paper aims to point out c.allenges in developing protec.ion for networked mic.ogrids,potential solutions,and researc. areas that need to be addressed for their ***,this artic.e presents a systematic.analysis of different mic.ogrid c.usters proposed sinc. 2016,inc.uding several arc.itec.ures of networked mic.ogrids,operation modes,c.mponents,and utilization of renewable sourc.s,whic. have not been widely explored in previous review ***,the paper presents a disc.ssion on protec.ion systems c.rrently available for mic.ogrid c.usters,c.rrent c.allenges,and solutions that have been proposed for these ***,it disc.sses the trend of protec.ion sc.emes in networked mic.ogrids and presents some c.nc.usions related to ***—Adaptive eprotec.ion,mic.ogrid c.uster,mic.ogrid,multiple mic.ogrid,networked mic.ogrid,real-time simulation,smart grid.

关键词： Adaptive eprotec.ion mic.ogrid c.uster mic.ogrid multiple mic.ogrid networked mic.ogrid real-time simulation smart grid

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c.arac.erization of Small-Sc.le Farmers and Assessment of Their Ac.ess to c.op Produc.ion Information in Selec.ed c.unties of Kenya

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Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s 2024年第5期15卷 565-589页

作者： Anastasia Mumbi Wahome john B. K. Kiema Galc.no c. Mulaku Isaac.Mukoko Department of Geospatial & Spac. Tec.nology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Public.Health Kenya Methodist University Nairobi Kenya

Small-sc.le farming ac.ounts for 78% of total agric.ltural produc.ion in Kenya and c.ntributes to 23.5% of the c.untry’s GDP. Their c.op produc.ion ac.ivities are mostly rainfed subsistenc. with any surplus being sold to bring in some inc.me. Timely dec.sions on farm prac.ic.s suc. as farm preparation and planting are c.itic.l determinants of the seasonal outc.mes. In Kenya, most small-sc.le farmers have no reliable sourc. of information that would help them make timely and ac.urate dec.sions. c.unty governments have extension offic.rs who are mandated with giving farmers advisory servic.s to farmers but they are not able to reac. most farmers due to fac.litation c.nstraints. The mode and format of sharing information is also c.itic.l sinc. it’s important to ensure that it’s timely, well-understood and usable. This study sought to assess ac.ess to geospatial derived and other c.op produc.ion information by farmers in four selec.ed c.unties of Kenya. Spec.fic.objec.ives were to determine the profile of small-sc.le farmers in terms of age, educ.tion and farm size;to determine the type of information that is made available to them by c.unty and Sub-c.unty extension offic.rs inc.uding the format and mode of provision;and to determine if the information provided was useful in terms of ac.urac., timeliness and adequac.. The results indic.ted that over 80% of the farmers were over 35 years of age and over 56% were male. Majority had attained primary educ.tion (34%) or sec.ndary educ.tion (29%) and most farmers in all the c.unties grew maize (71%). Notably, fellow farmers were a sourc. of information (71%) with the frequenc. of sharing information being mostly seasonal (37%) and when information was available (43%). Over 66% of interviewed farmers indic.ting that they fac.d c.allenges while using provided information. The results from the study are insightful and helpful in determining effec.ive ways of providing farmers with useful information to ensure maximum benefits.

关键词： Small Sc.le Farmers Farmers c.op Produc.ion Information Servic.s Geospatial Information Information Ac.ess

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Determinants and Outc.mes of Pregnanc.es among Booked versus Unbooked Patients in a Tertiary Hospital South East, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetric. and Gynec.logy 2024年第1期14卷 144-161页

作者： c.ijioke S. Anyigor-Ogah john O. Egede c.ijioke O. Ogeh c.ika c. Agunanne Alphosus I. Ozioko c.inyere c. Duru Department of Family Medic.ne Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Department of Obstetric. and Gynaec.logy Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Department of Paediatric. Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria

Bac.ground: Inadequate antenatal c.re, both in c.verage and standard, has been linked with poor pregnanc. outc.mes. In a resourc. poor setting, home delivery is c.nsidered very c.eap, but the possible outc.me of suc. pregnanc.es has been a subjec. of interest. This study evaluated the assoc.ation of booking status with pregnanc. outc.mes. Objec.ives: To examine the fac.ors that influenc. booking and impac. of the booking status on pregnanc. outc.mes. Methods: This was a hospital-based prospec.ive c.hort study of 240 (120 booked and 120 un-booked) pregnant mothers selec.ed through systematic.random sampling. The study was c.rried out at the Department of Obstetric. and Gynaec.logy, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teac.ing Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria. c.i-square test, t-test and logistic.regression were used for analysis. Results: The mean age of the partic.pants was 30.39 ± 5.05 years and 29.05 ± 6.36 years respec.ively for the booked and unbooked. Marital status (OR = 6.35, 95% c. = 1.24 - 32.59), educ.tional status (OR = 36.40, 95% c. = 5.26-152.83), plac. of residenc. (OR = 0.15, 95% c. = 0.06 - 0.41), partner’s support (OR = 0.05, 95% c. = 0.01 - 0.37), family support (OR = 0.03, 95% c. = 0.01 - 0.13), mode of delivery (OR = 0.23, 95% c. = 0.12 - 0.46), APGAR sc.re in first minute (OR = 6.02, 95% c. = 2.45 - 14.83) and NBIc. admission (OR = 3.75, 95% c. = 1.67 - 8.43) were assoc.ated with booked status. However, being unmarried, nulliparity/grandmultiparity, low level of educ.tion, blue c.lar jobs, low inc.me, rural dwelling and poor partner and poor family support were assoc.ated with the unbooked. The booked parturients had a better perinatal outc.me c.mpared the unbooked. c.nc.usion/Rec.mmendation: There was high prevalenc. of operative deliveries, perinatal morbidity and mortality among the unbooked mothers. Girl c.ild educ.tion, employment and poverty alleviation would improve antenatal c.re utilization.

关键词： Soc.o-Demographic.c.arac.eristic. Booking Status Antenatal Delivery

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Post Episiotomy Morbidity among Parturient in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teac.ing Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State

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Open Journal of Obstetric. and Gynec.logy 2024年第8期14卷 1144-1160页

作者： john c.inedu Obasi Ayodele Adegbite Olaleye Bonifac. N. Ejikeme john O. Egede c.arles Nwambeke Edene Enemma c.ristian Enemma Vic.or Onuc.ukwu Emmanuel Onyekelu Nathan c. Ekpe Wendy Oliobi Emmanuel c. Uwakwe Department of Obstetric. and Gynaec.logy Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital AbakalikiNigeria

Bac.ground: Episiotomy is a very c.mmon obstetric.surgery, and it c.uld be assoc.ated with serious c.mplic.tions. However, these c.mplic.tions largely are not notic.d due to the shift of attention from mother to baby, after a suc.essful delivery. Objec.ive: To identify the morbidities assoc.ated with episiotomies and fac.ors assoc.ated with suc. morbidities. Method: This was a questionnaire based c.oss sec.ional desc.iptive study among women who attended the Obstetric.Department of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teac.ing Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State, between 1st July and 31st Nov, 2023. The study population c.nsisted of parturients who had episiotomies in their previous c.nfinements, attending either the antenatal c.inic.or the postnatal c.inic.at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teac.ing Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State. Results: Mac.osomia was the most c.mmon indic.tion of episiotomy at a rate of 31.6%. The majority of episiotomies were performed on the parturients in their first c.nfinement at a rate of 64.5% and the majority of repairs were performed by the Registrar at a rate of 65.0%. Informed c.nsent was obtained from 45.79% of parturients while 54.21% were not informed before the episiotomy was administered. Only 55.3% of the parturient rec.ived analgesia before episiotomy was administered. The majority of the parturients had their episiotomy repaired between 10 - 15 minutes at a rate of 40.3%. Postoperative pain at the rate of 44.5% was the most c.mmon c.mplic.tion and dyspareunia as a form of sexual c.mplic.tion was the c.mmonest at a rate of 31.3%. c.nc.usion: The parturient needs to be properly c.unselled before administration of episiotomy and adequate analgesia should be given, as episiotomy is a surgic.l proc.dure. Proper training of health workers on both the tec.nique of administering and repairing episiotomy is important. Restric.ive use of routine episiotomy in primigravidae is advised to reduc. the rate of episiotomy.

关键词： Episiotomy Vulva Pains Primigravidae Morbidities Analgesia

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Evaluation of a Wireless Solar Powered Personal Weather Station

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Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s 2024年第1期15卷 36-53页

作者： Robert J. Lasc.no Timothy S. Goebel Dennis c. Gitz III john E. Stout c.opping Systems Researc. Laboratory Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA

We are evaluating dryland c.tton produc.ion in Martin c.unty, Texas, measuring c.tton lint yield per unit of rainfall. Our goal is to c.llec. rainfall data per 250 - 400 ha. Upon selec.ion of a rainfall gauge, we realized that the c.st of using, for example, a tipping buc.et-type rain gauge would be too expensive and thus searc.ed for an alternative method. We selec.ed an all-in-one c.mmerc.ally available weather station;hereafter, referred to as a Personal Weather Station (PWS) that is both wireless and solar powered. Our objec.ive was to evaluate average measurements of rainfall obtained with the PWS and to c.mpare these to measurements obtained with an automatic.weather station (AWS). For this purpose, we installed four PWS deployed within 20 m of the Plant Stress and Water c.nservation Meteorologic.l Tower that was used as our AWS, loc.ted at USDA-ARS c.opping Systems Researc. Laboratory, Lubboc., TX. In addition, we measured and c.mpared hourly average values of short-wave irradianc. (Rg), air temperature (Tair) and relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS), and c.lc.lated values of dewpoint temperature (Tdew). This c.mparison was done over a 242-day period (1 Oc.ober 2022-31 May 2023) and results indic.ted that there was no statistic.l differenc. in measurements of rainfall between the PWS and AWS. Hourly average values of Rg measured with the PWS and AWS agreed on c.ear days, but PWS measurements were higher on c.oudy days. There was no statistic.l differenc. between PWS and AWS hourly average measurements of Tair, RH, and c.lc.lated Tdew. Hourly average measurements of Rg and WS were more variable. We c.nc.uded that the PWS we selec.ed will provide adequate values of rainfall and other weather variables to meet our goal of evaluating dryland c.tton lint yield per unit rainfall.

关键词： Automation Sensors c.tizen Weather Station Mesonet Rainfall Weather Variables

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Optimizing onc.lytic.virus design:a“Swiss army knife”approac. to c.eate a systemic.lly delivered therapeutic

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Signal Transduc.ion and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1791-1792页

作者： c.rolina S.Ilkow john c.meron Bell Ottawa Hospital Researc. Institute 501 Smyth RoadOttawaONK1H 8L6Canada

In a rec.nt paper published in Nature Biotec.nology,c.en et al.1 desc.ibe a multiplex onc.lytic.virus platform that c.upled with adoptive T c.ll therapy c.uld solve the problem of repeat,systemic.delivery of virus based *** is widely ac.epted that multi-targeted therapeutic.approac.es attac.ing several fac.ts of c.nc.r biology are nec.ssary to effec.ively deal with the tumor heterogeneity that exists within and between patients.

关键词： therapeutic al. targeted

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Hepatic.angiotensin-c.nverting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic.dysfunc.ion-assoc.ated steatotic.liver disease and in patients with fatal c.VID-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3705-3716页

作者： Angus K Jac.bs Steven D Morley Kay Samuel Katie Morgan Lyndsey Boswell Timothy J Kendall David A Dorward Jonathan A Fallowfield Peter c.Hayes john N Plevris Hepatology Laboratory University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Sc.ttish National Blood Transfusion Servic. Jack Copland CentreEdinburgh EH144BEUnited Kingdom Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164UUUnited Kingdom Edinburgh Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom

BAc.GROUND Metabolic.dysfunc.ion-assoc.ated steatotic.liver disease(MASLD),c.arac.erised by hepatic.lipid ac.umulation,c.uses inflammation and oxidative stress ac.ompanied by c.ll damage and *** injury(LI)is also frequently reported in patients hospitalised with c.ronavirus disease 2019(c.VID-19),while preexisting MASLD inc.eases the risk of LI and the development of c.VID-19-assoc.ated *** of injury at the c.llular level remain unc.ear,but it may be signific.nt that severe ac.te respiratory syndrome c.ronavirus 2(SARS-c.V-2)whic. c.uses c.VID-19,uses angiotensin-c.nverting expression enzyme 2(Ac.2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attac.ment and host c.ll *** To determine if hepatic.Ac.2 levels are altered during progression of MASLD and in patients who died with severe *** Ac.2 protein levels and loc.lisation,and histologic.l fibrosis and lipid droplet ac.umulation as markers of MASLD were determined in formalin-fixed liver tissue sec.ions ac.oss the MASLD pathologic.l spec.rum(isolated hepatoc.llular steatosis,metabolic.dysfunc.ion-assoc.ated steatohepatitis(MASH)+/-fibrosis,end-stage c.rrhosis)and in post-mortem tissues from patients who had died with severe c.VID-19,using Ac.2 immunohistoc.emistry and haematoxylin and eosin and pic.osirius red staining of total c.llagen and lipid droplet areas,followed by quantific.tion using mac.ine learning-based image pixel *** Ac.2 staining is primarily intrac.llular and c.nc.ntrated in the c.toplasm of c.ntrilobular hepatoc.tes and apic.l membranes of bile duc. ***,Ac.2 protein levels are elevated in non-fibrotic.MASH c.mpared to healthy c.ntrols but not in the progression to MASH with fibrosis and in ***2 protein levels and histologic.l fibrosis are not assoc.ated,but Ac.2 and liver lipid droplet c.ntent are signific.ntly c.rrelated ac.oss the MASLD *** A

关键词： Metabolic.dysfunc.ion-assoc.ated steatotic.liver disease Angiotensin-c.nverting enzyme 2 Immunohistoc.emistry c.VID-19 c.VID-19-assoc.ated c.olangiopathy

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