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作者： john mark ANDAH 江苏大学

学位级别：硕士

近年来,Android操作系统已变得非常流行,并被世界各地的许多人所使用。目前,运行Android操作系统的智能手机占据了全球智能手机市场80%以上的份额。由于Android拥有大量用户,因此,它成为试图对大量用户追求恶意意图的黑客和攻击者的理... 详细信息

近年来,Android操作系统已变得非常流行,并被世界各地的许多人所使用。目前,运行Android操作系统的智能手机占据了全球智能手机市场80%以上的份额。由于Android拥有大量用户,因此,它成为试图对大量用户追求恶意意图的黑客和攻击者的理想攻击目标。这些攻击者获得对用户数据的未经授权的访问,以获取经济利益或破坏它。许多Android应用程序访问Internet网络以查询、访问或传输数字资源。相对计算机Internet浏览器不同,目前尚未详细分析移动应用程序中Internet访问对隐私和安全的影响。当前版本的Android操作系统无法为用户提供对应用程序接收的Internet访问数量的足够控制。这引起了与数据泄漏有关的安全性以及用户敏感和个人数据安全性的问题。当应用程序可以在用户不知情的情况下在后台执行未经请求的数据收集时,会引发很多用户数据相关漏洞。这些活动有时会在应用程序未指示其正在设备上运行时发生。自2008年首次正式向公众发布以来,Android操作系统经历了许多更改,以逐渐将其迭代为更安全的操作系统。但是,其中一些更改为隐私保护设置了障碍,并使攻击者可以轻松获取用户私人数据。Android权限安全模型是Android操作系统中存在的主要安全功能之一。此安全模型用于对需要进行管制的重要设备资源的访问管制。先前的研究工作已经调查发现了缺乏对Android系统权限结构的细粒度控制,其他工作已暴露出由于未经授权访问权限系统而导致的特权升级和数据泄漏导致的相关漏洞。从Android OS 6.0(API 23)和更高版本对Android系统所做的改进,已将Internet权限的权限系统状态从危险的“DANGEROUS”权限状态更改为普通的“NORMAL”权限状态。对系统的这一更改会自动为每个应用程序提供不受管制的互联网访问权限,而无需选择随时关闭访问权限。本文面向Android数据安全性的有关数据泄漏的安全问题,重点研究了Internet临时许可证和设备应用历史访问策略相关问题,并提出了相关的策略和方法。本文的主要工作如下:1.提出了一种通过向Internet权限分配临时状态来创建更安全的Android OS版本的方法。将Internet权限状态更改为危险的“DANGEROUS”权限状态,通过这种方法,设计了一种新颖的流程结构和算法,可通过预定的用户监管路径重定向Android设备上的互联网访问。通过从互联网上下载的297个实际应用生成的实验对所提出的方法进行了实验验证。这些应用程序下载量在1,000,000–50,000,000之间,并且均在5星级排名中4星及以上。我们对这些应用程序的分析显示,总共有39566个权限访问请求。使用机器学习技术(k均值聚类和层次聚类)来分析和获取详细的结果。实验显示用户设备上的敏感数据与不受管制地访问互联网的应用程序之间存在高度相关性,并且这些应用程序能够传输这些数据。甚至某些脱机应用程序也表现出这些行为。本文的发现及改进措施有助于创建更安全的Android系统。2.提出了Android设备上所有应用程序的互联网历史记录访问模型。当恶意应用程序和恶意软件是匿名的,并且对用户隐瞒其活动时,提出的模型效果最佳。因此,本研究表明了将恶意软件攻击模型整合到合法的真实应用程序中的能力和效果。论文说明了如何使用合法的墙纸应用程序泄漏用户数据,而无需向用户直观显示任何内容。我们调查了这种攻击形式的影响,提出的方法可为每个应用程序创建Internet浏览历史记录,以揭露恶意应用程序的活动。此外,论文引入的数学概念度量(基于URL引用计数)Risk Rank,可以用来为每个应用程序排名。该评级是根据其互联网活动得出的,Risk Rank提供了一种警告用户可能会泄漏数据的应用程序可疑活动的方法。3.提出了一种Android Internet权限系统的新颖模型。该模型枚举了将其他方法组合到一个内聚安全模型中的流程。该模型考虑了用户和应用程序的行为。其主要目的是限制应用程序使用互联网传输敏感用户数据的潜力。因此,我们的模型给出了通知用户的结构以及为用户提供限制Internet访问的机制结构。本文使用系统动力学和仿真技术来验证提出的方法效果。综上所述,本文面向Android数据安全性的相关问题,重点研究了Internet临时许可证和设备应用历史访问策略相关方法,提出了相应的关键技术和模型来减轻敏感用户数据的泄漏,为促进Android Internet权限漏洞分析技术的发展做出了重要贡献。

关键词： Android系统系统脆弱性权限许可设备访问 Internet安全模型

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Assessment of lymph node involvement in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2016年第3期8卷 179-192页

作者： mark L H Ong john B Schofield department of Histopathology Maidstone Hospital Maidstone Kent ME16 9QQ United Kingdom School of Physical Sciences University of Kent Canterbury Kent CT2 7NH United Kingdom

Lymph node metastasis informs prognosis and is a key factor in deciding further management, particularly adjuvant chemotherapy. It is core to all contemporary staging systems, including the widely used tumor node metastasis staging system. Patients with nodenegative disease have 5-year survival rates of 70%-80%, implying a significant minority of patients with occult lymph node metastases will succumb to disease recurrence. Enhanced staging techniques may help to identify this subset of patients, who might benefit from further treatment. Obtaining adequate numbers of lymph nodes is essential for accurate staging. Lymph node yields are affected by numerous factors, many inherent to the patient and the tumour, but others related to surgical and histopathological practice. Good lymph node recovery relies on close collaboration between surgeon and pathologist. The optimal extent of surgical resection remains a subject of debate. Extended lymphadenectomy, extra-mesenteric lymph node dissection, high arterial ligation and complete mesocolic excision are amongst the surgical techniques with plausible oncological bases, but which are not supported by the highest levels of evidence. With further development and refinement, intra-operative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy may provide a guide to the optimum extent of lymphadenectomy, but in its present form, it is beset by false negatives, skip lesions and failures to identify a sentinel node. Once resected, histopathological assessment of the surgical specimen can be improved by thorough dissection techniques, step-sectioning of tissue blocks and immunohistochemistry. More recently, molecular methods have been employed. In this review, we consider the numerous factors that affect lymph node yields, including the impact of the surgical and histopathological techniques. Potential future strategies, including the use of evolving technologies, are also discussed.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Lymphatic metastases Lymph node metastasis Neoplasm staging Tumor node metastasis classification Sentinel lymph node biopsy Lymph node excision Histopathological assessment Surgery

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Application of D-Optimal Study Design with Contour Surface Response for Designing Sustained Release Gliclazide Matrix Tablets

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第7期5卷 620-635页

作者： Chien Nguyen john mark Christensen Thuy Nguyen Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Oregon State University Corvallis USA National Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology Hanoi University of Pharmacy Hanoi Vietnam

An optimized formulation of a sustained release tablet of Gliclazide was developed. The use of Doptimal design with a polynomial statistical model to analyze dissolution data reduced the number of laboratory tests required to obtain an optimal dosage form. The final formulation contained 22 mg of Methocel®E15LV, 16.5 mg Methocel®E15 and 10.0 mg of Dibasic Calcium Phosphate per 30 mg Gliclazide sustained release tablet. Dissolution studies performed on tablets from 5000 tablet test batches released greater than 90 percent of loaded drug in eight hours. Drug release from the optimized tablets followed a pattern more closely similar to zero-order than other mechanisms of drug release tested. Storage of tablets in accelerated and ambient conditions for 6 and 12 months respectively did not alter any of the physico-chemical properties, drug release or the drug release rate compared to initial observations and dissolution data of the prepared tablets. The addition of potassium phosphate and monosodium phosphate to the tablet reduced the effect pH has on Gliclazide dissolution compared to the commercially available product.

关键词： Gliclazide Sustained Release D-Optimal Zero-Order Response Surface Modified Release

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giS-Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation to Identify Areas for Soil and Water Conservation in Lower Lake Bogoria Landscapes, Baringo County, Kenya

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第11期10卷 64-92页

作者： mark Boitt john Gathoni Dickson Kaelo Laurine Koech Institute of Geomatics GIS and Remote Sensing Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Nyeri Kenya Research and Development Mapinfotek Geomatiks Ltd. Nairobi Kenya Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association (KWCA) Nairobi Kenya Baringo County Conservancies Association (BCCA) Kabarnet Kenya

This study was meant to ensure that there is proper and efficient conservation of soil and water using geospatial tools to enable us identify priority areas to carry out conservation. Over the past years, various fields of study have established how critical it is to conserve these natural resources in the ecosystem and to ensure sustainability in not only green livelihoods but also to enhance living conditions of the life on earth. The aim of this research was to generate high priority sites for establishing soil and water conservation techniques in the Lower Bogoria Landscapes in Baringo, Kenya using giS-based multicriteria decision analysis. Various criteria were analyzed to generate the final conservation priority sites, such as land use land cover, rainfall runoff, soil erosion and slope. The criteria were assigned weights using the AHP technique and overlayed using the weighted overlay tools to produce the final outputs. Land use land cover maps were generated using supervised maximum likelihood technique, rainfall run-off maps were generated using the SCS-CN method and soil erosion maps were generated using RUSLE model. The final soil and water conservation maps showed that high and moderate priority areas requiring the establishment of techniques and mechanisms to control soil erosion and conserve water increased from 1990 to 2020. In 2020, more than 50% of the total study area was classified as moderate to high priority for water and soil conservation. Soil and water conservation structures such as water pans, percolation tanks, farm ponds and stop dams should be constructed in such areas.

关键词： Conservation Run-Off Soil Erosion Land Use Land Cover Soil and Water Conservation

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New Partnerships for Co-delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第5期11卷 680-685页

作者： Adrian Bucher Andrew Collins Ben Heaven Taylor David Pan Emma Visman James Norris Joel Cgill john Rees mark Felling Marta Tufet Bayona Sonia Cassidy Virginia Murray UK Collaborative on Development Research London NW12BEUK Disaster and Development Network(DDN) Department of Geography and Environmental SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle-upon-Tyne NE18STUK Evidence Aid AbingdonOxfordshire OX135DBUK Global Health Medical Research Council SwindonSwindon SN21FLUK Department of Geography King's College LondonLondon WC2B 4BGUK VNG Consulting Limited Kent TN248DHUK Ordnance Survey Southampton SO16 OASUK Global Geoscience British Geological SurveyKeyworth NG125GGUK Earth Hazards and Observatories British Geological SurveyNottingham NG123ENUK ALLFED LondonUK Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health EnglandLondon SE18UGUK

Partnerships have become a comer stone of contemporary research that recognizes working across disciplines and co-production with intended users as essential to enabling sustainable ***,research that addresses sustainable development challenges brings an urgent need to reflect on the ways that partnerships are supported,and for the disaster risk management and resilience communities,efforts to support realization of the wider 2030 Agenda for sustainable development bring particular *** November 2019,the UK Disasters Research Group(DRG)brought together a number of key stakeholders focused on disaster risk,resilience,and sustainability research relevant to Official DevelopmeAssistance to consider how fit for purpose existing partnership models are for the pace of change required to deliver the priorities of the wider 2030 *** were invited to discuss how research partnerships across three levels(individual and project-based;national and institutional;and international)could be improved based on elements that facilitate robust partnerships and learning from aspects that hinder *** the discussions,participanls emphasized the importance of effective communication mechanisms in building partnerships,co-designing projects,and establishing shared *** approaches to addressing equitable partnerships and funding more substantive timelines will be key to responding to the challenges of the 2030 Agenda.

关键词： 2030 Agenda for sustainable development Disaster risk reduction DRG Inter national development Partnerships Research fun ding

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The Questing,Passive Gaze:Ezra Pound’s“Yeux Glauques,”john Ruskin,and the Pre-Raphaelite Moment

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2019年第1期3卷 49-56页

作者： mark Scroggins Florida Atlantic University

“Yeux Glauques,”the sixth poem of Ezra Pound’s 1920 Hugh Selwyn Mauberley,has been read as an indictment of Victorian viewers’and readers’rejection of Pre-Raphaelite art and poetry,a rejection proleptic of Georgian readers’rejection of Pound’s own *** is largely *** the poem’s citation(in its first stanza)of john Ruskin’s“Of Kings’Treasuries”can be read as directing readers’attention to Ruskin’s 1864 lecture,in part an exhortation to examine the etymologies of the words of the texts they *** an etymological examination of“glauques”in the poem’s title in effect reinforces a secondary implication of the poem as a whole:that the Pre-Raphaelite movement suffered from its members’failure to convincingly or feelingly represent active female subjectivity.

关键词： Ezra Pound john Ruskin Pre-Raphaelites Hugh Selwyn Mauberley women in poetry

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Effect of Stabilized Fish Oil Source on Sperm Quality and Production of Boars

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第2期11卷 197-207页

作者： Michael Andrew Parsley mark Elder Wilson Thomas john Gall mark Richard Malcolm Ballard Feedworks USA Ltd. Cincinnati USA Wilson Consulting Service McFarland USA Gall Consulting Service Burlington USA The Ballard Group Inc. Cincinnati USA

Research findings for supplementing boar stud diets with fish oils are inconsistent. This study was designed to address three possible causes of performance variation of boars to fish oil supplementation: stability of the fatty acid source, level of inclusion and breed of boars tested. Three groups of 87 boars each, from two genetic lines (PIC 337 and PIC 800), were assigned to treatment based on age, mean sperm production (previous 12 weeks), and body condition score. All boars received a corn-soybean meal diet with a commercial fish oil supplement providing 1.83 g/boar/day of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a preconditioning diet. On 10-Aug., 2020, the DHA source was changed to a stabilized starch imbedded source of refined fish oil (Salmate®), providing 1.83 g/b/d for the test diet. Two additional levels providing 2.38 and 2.94 g/b/d of DHA were fed for a 9 week pretreatment period and during the test period. Salmate® fed at 2.38 g/b/d of DHA resulted in a reduction in the number of rejected ejaculates (P 0.045) by 7.5% and 6.4% compared to the lowest and highest inclusion rates, respectively. There were no treatments by genetic line interactions. A retrospective study of semen production and quality of 77 boars on the Salmate® diet containing 1.83

关键词： Boars Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Salmate® Total Sperm Semen Doses

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Focused transcription from the human CR2/CD21 core promoter is regulated by synergistic activity of TATA and Initiator elements in mature B cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第1期13卷 119-131页

作者： Rhonda L Taylor mark N Cruickshank Mahdad Karimi Han Leng Ng Elizabeth Quail Kenneth M Kaufman john B Harley Lawrence J Abraham Betty P Tsao Susan A Boackle Daniela Ulgiati School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA Division of Rheumatology Department of Medicine University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Division of Rheumatology University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA

Complement receptor 2 （CR2/CD21） is predominantly expressed on the surface of mature B cells where it forms part of a coreceptor complex that functions, in part, to modulate B-cell receptor signal strength. CR2/CD21 expression is tightly regulated throughout B-cell development such that CR2/CD21 cannot be detected on pre-B or terminally differentiated plasma cells. CR2/CD21 expression is upregulated at B-cell maturation and can be induced by IL-4 and CD40 signaling pathways. We have previously characterized elements in the proximal promoter and first intron of CR2/CD21 that are involved in regulating basal and tissue-specific expression. We now extend these analyses to the CR2/CD21 core promoter. We show that in mature B cells, CR2/~D21 transcription proceeds from a focused TSS regulated by a non-consensus TATA box, an initiator element and a downstream promoter element. Furthermore, occupancy of the general transcriptional machinery in pre-B versus mature B-cell lines correlate with CR2/CD21 expression level and indicate that promoter accessibility must switch from inactive to active during the transitional B-cell window.

关键词： B cells core promoter CR2/CD21 molecular biology transcription factor

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Transdermal Formulation Development and Topical Administration of Atenolol to Cats

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2020年第3期11卷 39-53页

作者： Sumeia M. Mohamed john mark Christensen Nicole LeBlanc Department of Pharmaceutical Science College of Pharmacy Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA Department of Cardiology College of Veterinary Medicine Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA

Atenolol diffusion through synthetic membrane, cloned human epidermis, and cat ear skin was performed utilizing a Franz diffusion cell. Transdermal drug diffusion enhancers’ ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polysorbate 80 and Dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) were added to the topical formulations and tested for their ability to enhance drug permeation through the test membranes. Topical formulation with penetration enhancers showed a rapid burst of atenolol diffusion for the first two hours (35.5 to 40 μg/ml) followed by a zero-order sustained diffusion of 2.7 μg/cm2/h of atenolol for up to twenty-four hours after application to test membranes. Increased atenolol flux through different test membranes was greatest for synthetic membrane. The topical application of the optimized atenolol formulation to cat skin containing permeation enhancers aided transdermal atenolol drug delivery to treat cats with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The optimum topical formulation demonstrated two fluxes through cat skin, the burst flux (15.7 μg/cm2/h) and a sustained flux (2.7 μg/cm2/h). Measured atenolol concentrations in cats at 3, 6 and 12 hours after transdermal atenolol application were 432.7 ng/ml ± 323.3, 262.4 ng/ml ± 150.1, and 253.3 ng/ml ± 133.6 respectively. Six of 7 cats achieved therapeutic serum atenolol levels (260 ng/ml) for at least one time point. Five of 7 cats had therapeutic serum atenolol concentrations 3 hours post-atenolol. At the 6 hours post-atenolol time point, only 2 had a therapeutic serum atenolol concentration while at 12 hours post-atenolol dosing, 4 of 7 cats had therapeutic serum atenolol concentrations. Transdermal atenolol administered at 25 mg q12h resulted in clinically therapeutic serum atenolol concentrations in the majority of healthy cats. The optimum transdermal formulation enabled good drug delivery feasible for transdermal application in a clinical trial in cats.

关键词： Atenolol Transdermal Delivery Formulation Cats

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End-stage renal disease is associated with increased post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography adverse events in hospitalized patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第41期24卷 4691-4697页

作者： Tarek Sawas Fateh Bazerbachi Samir Haffar Won K Cho Michael J Levy john A Martin Bret T Petersen mark D Topazian Vinay Chandrasekhara Barham K Abu Dayyeh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Department of Gastroenterology Digestive Center for Diagnosis and Treatment Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Georgetown University Medstar Washington Hospital Center

AIM To determine if end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a risk factor for post endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) adverse events (AEs). METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2011-2013. We identified adult patients who underwent ERCP using the International Classification of Diseases 9^(th) Revision (ICD-9-CM). Included patients were divided into three groups: ESRD, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and control. The primary outcome was post-ERCP AEs including pancreatitis, bleeding, and perforation determined based on specific ICD-9-CM codes. Secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, and admission cost. AEs and mortality were compared using multivariate logistic regression *** There were 492175 discharges that underwent ERCP during the 3 years. The ESRD and CKD groups contained 7347 and 39403 hospitalizations respectively, whereas the control group had 445424 hospitalizations. Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) was significantly higher in the ESRD group (8.3%) compared to the control group (4.6%) with adjusted odd ratio (aOR) = 1.7 (95% CI: 1.4-2.1, ~aP < 0.001). ESRD was associated with significantly higher ERCP-related bleeding (5.1%) compared to the control group 1.5% (aOR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.4-2.4, ~aP < 0.001). ESRD had increased hospital mortality 7.1% vs 1.15% in the control OR = 6.6 (95%CI: 5.3-8.2, ~aP < 0.001), longer hospital stay with adjusted mean difference (aMD) = 5.9 d (95% CI: 5.0-6.7 d, ~aP < 0.001) and higher hospitalization charges aMD = $+82064 (95%CI: $68221-$95906, ~aP < 0.001). CONCLUSION ESRD is a risk factor for post-ERCP AEs and is associated with higher hospital mortality. Careful selection and close monitoring is warranted to improve outcomes.

关键词： End-stage renal disease Nationwide Inpatient Sample Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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