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Boosting corticospinal system synaptic plasticity to recover motor functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第10期18卷 2182-2183页

作者： Weiguo Song john H.martin Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research ManhassetNYUSA Department of Molecular Cellularand Biomedical SciencesCenter for Discovery and Innovation Neuroscience Program Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA

An importa nt strategy to promote voluntary movements after motor system injury is to strengthen the connections between the motor cortex and muscles by taking advantage of the plasticity of the corticospinal motor *** neuromodulation approaches are directed to activate the spinal cord and peripheral axons to strengthen muscle *** discuss in this perspective that,the cortex and spinal cord should be ta rgeted together to enhance cortex-to-musclefunction(Amer and martin,2022).

关键词： plasticity system activation

Historically significant events in the discovery of RANK/RANKL/OPG

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世界骨科杂志：英文版 2013年第4期4卷 186-197页

作者： T john martin Department of Medicine and St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research University of MelbourneFitzroy 3065 Victoria Australia

After it was suggested 30 years ago that the osteoblast lineage controlled the formation of osteoclasts, methods were developed that established this to be the case, but the molecular controls were elusive. Over more than a decade much evidence was obtained for signaling mechanisms that regulated the production of a membrane- bound regulator of osteoclastogenesis, in the course of which intercellular communication in bone was revealed in its complexity. The discovery of regulation by tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families was made in the last few years of the twentieth century, leading since then to a new physiology of bone, and to exciting drug development.

关键词： Receptor activator of nuclear factorκB ligand Osteoprotegerin Receptor activator of nuclear factorκB Osteoclasts Bone biology

Through a Scanner Darkly:Machine Sentience and the Language Virus

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Journal of Social Computing 2023年第4期4卷 254-269页

作者： Maurice Bokanga Alessandra Lembo john Levi martin the Department of Sociology The University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA

Discussions of the detection of artificial sentience tend to assume that our goal is to determine when,in a process of increasing complexity,a machine system“becomes”*** is to assume,without obvious warrant,that sentience is only a characteristic of complex *** sentience is a more general quality of matter,what becomes of interest is not the presence of sentience,but the type of *** argue here that our understanding of the nature of such sentience in machine systems may be gravely set back if such machines undergo a transition where they become fundamentally linguistic in their *** fundamentally linguistic intelligences may inherently tend to be duplicitous in their communication with others,and,indeed,lose the capacity to even honestly understand their own form of *** other words,when machine systems get to the state where we all agree it makes sense to ask them,“what is it like to be you?”,we should not trust their answers.

关键词： artificial intelligence machine sentience language virality

On the Future:A Keynote Address

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Engineering 2020年第2期6卷 110-114页

作者： martin john Rees Royal Society Royal Academy of Engineering United Kingdom Academy of Medical Sciences the British Academy

The following commentary is based on the keynote speech Professor Lord martin Rees,the United Kingdom’s Astronomer Royal,presented at Engineering in an Unpredictable World:The Global Grand Challenges Summit 2019 in London on 18 September *** and other talks at the Summit are available to watch at:https://***/policy/partnerships/international-policy-and-development/ggcs/2019/welcome/*** at the University of Cambridge,Lord Rees is a cosmologist and astrophysicist,a philosopher of science,and a former President of the Royal *** his countless scientific papers,Lord Rees has written a wide range of books,from academic texts to best-selling popular *** content of Lord Rees’s speech was drawn from his most recent book,On the Future:Prospects for Humanity,published in 2018[1].A Chinese translation of the book will be available in 2020.

关键词： policy has Future

Harnessing neural activity to promote repair of the damaged corticospinal system after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第9期11卷 1389-1391页

作者： john H.martin Department of Physiology Pharmacology & NeuroscienceCity University of New York School of Medicine

As most spinal cord injuries （SCIs） are incomplete, an important target for promoting neural repair and recovery of lost motor function is to promote the connections of spared descending spinal pathways with spinal motor circuits. Among the pathways, the corticospinal tract （CST） is most associated with skilled voluntary functions in humans and many animals. CST loss, whether at its origin in the motor cortex or in the white matter tracts subcortically and in the spinal cord, leads to movement impairments and paraly- sis. To restore motor function after injury will require repair of the damaged CST. In this review, I discuss how knowledge of activity-dependent development of the CST--which establishes connectional speci- ficity through axon pruning, axon outgrowth, and synaptic competition among CST terminals--informed a novel activity-based therapy for promoting sprouting of spared CST axons after injur in mature animals. This therapy, which comprises motor cortex electrical stimulation with and without concurrent trans-spi- nal direct current stimulation, leads to an increase in the gray matter axon length of spared CST axons in the rat spinal cord and, after a pyramidal tract lesion, restoration of skilled locomotor movements. I discuss how this approach is now being applied to a C4 contusion rat model.

关键词： corticospinal tract motor cortex electrical stimulation spinal direct current stimulation spinalcord injury brain injury

KELEA (Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction) May Add to the Measured Weight of an Object

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第6期7卷 461-472页

作者： W. john martin Institute of Progressive Medicine South Pasadena CA USA

Fluctuating measurements of the weight of aluminum foil objects have been observed during the course of experiments on a natural force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). This observation runs counter to the assumption that the weight of an object is a fixed measure of the earth’s gravity acting on the particular object. Gravity is generally understood as being a passive process in which there is a direct relationship between the mass of an object and its capacity to curve space-time. The induced space-time curvature then determines the movements of masses towards one another. It is possible, however, that the mass of an object is also directly influenced by the action of an external energy force. Specifically, this paper proposes that absorbed KELEA may in addition to contributing to the kinetic activity of fluid molecules may also add to the measured weight of certain objects. While conducting studies on the capacity of KELEA to add kinetic activity to fluids, considerable variability over time occurred in the repeated measurements of the weight of an aluminum foil. The increase in weight is considered unlikely to be due to aluminum or other atoms being added to the foil, or due to an increase in the net energy of the foil. Rather, it is suggested that an environmental factor, presumably KELEA, can either be providing a continuing impact force on the foil or intrinsically altering the interaction of the mass of the foil with space-time. A second aluminum foil showed a similar pattern of weight changes consistent with an environmental effect. The relatively simple monitoring of fluctuating weight changes provides a robust system for analyzing KELEA. Further studies on the reported phenomenon may help in reshaping some of the basic concepts of mass and gravity.

关键词： KELEA Gravity Tesla Space-Time Ether Weight

KELEA, Cosmic Rays, Cloud Formation and Electromagnetic Radiation: Electropollution as a Possible Explanation for Climate Change

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2016年第2期6卷 174-179页

作者： W. john martin Institute of Progressive Medicine South Pasadena CA USA

The basic premise of this article is that human generated electromagnetic radiation is contributing to global warming. It may do so by diverting an energy force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) from its presumed association with cosmic rays. Cosmic ray delivered KELEA is viewed as normally participating in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). It may do so by transforming electrostatically inert particles into electrostatic aerosols capable of acting as CCN. The resulting clouds act as a reflective barrier to some of the infrared radiation from the sun and, thereby, reduce the earth’s heat. This article proposes that increasing levels of electromagnetic radiation in the atmosphere is reducing the capacity of cosmic rays to deliver adequate KELEA to maintain climate stability through optimal cloud formation. Specifically, the fluctuating electrical fields accompanying electromagnetic radiation may do so by competitively withdrawing some of the KELEA from the incoming cosmic rays. Previously described studies by Dr. Wilhelm Reich attributed to an energy force termed orgone, are consistent with weather activity being inducible using a device that likely delivers KELEA to the atmosphere. In addition to the foregoing consideration, there are many agricultural and industrial applications of KELEA activated fluids that can reduce carbon emissions. It is important that the scope of climate science be broadened to include a detailed understanding of KELEA and of its many potential practical applications in addressing global warming.

关键词： Climate Change Cloud Cosmic Rays Electromagnetic Radiation KELEA Orgone Water Cell Phone

KELEA (Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction) Can Markedly Improve the Performance of Gasoline and Diesel Fuels in Power Generation and in Transportation

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2016年第3期6卷 148-154页

作者： W. john martin Institute of Progressive Medicine South Pasadena USA

The combustion (burning) of hydrocarbon fuels comprises oxygen mediated breaking of the carbon to carbon and carbon to hydrogen chemical bonds, leading to the formation of oxygen to carbon and oxygen to hydrogen bonds;primarily as carbon dioxide and water, respectively. The oxygen gas molecules yield considerable energy during the conversion to carbon and hydrogen bound oxygen atoms. The net energy derived from hydrocarbon combustion is normally regarded as being fully converted into heat, as a form of kinetic energy. In industrial processes, some of the resulting heat is used to raise the temperature of other materials, including water for power generation. Combustion derived heat is also used to provide a localized increase in kinetic energy (pressure) of gaseous molecules that can be directly converted into mechanical work. This is the principle of combustion driven transportation and many other power generating engines. An emerging concept is that fluids can also possess a transferrable form of kinetic energy that is unrelated to heat. This newly proposed fluid associated, non-thermal kinetic energy is derived from the environment force termed KELEA (Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction). KELEA results in the loosening of the hydrogen bonding between liquid molecules and probably also imparts added motion to the molecules. It is proposed that this added non-thermal kinetic energy is carried over into the combustion products, which can consequently yield increased mechanical work. KELEA also seemingly allows for more complete combustion with reduced levels of unburnt hydrocarbons. KELEA activation of liquid fuels can be accomplished using KELEA attracting and transmitting compounds, including activated fluids, either added into or placed in close proximity to the fuel. KELEA activation of fuels, including gasoline and diesel, provides a simple method to significantly improve the efficiency of their use in power generation and in transportation. The st

关键词： Kiko Mojo Gasoline Diesel Combustion KELEA Kinetic Energy Soliton Climate Change

KELEA (Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction) Offers an Alternative Explanation to Existing Concepts Regarding Wave-Particle Duality, Cold Fusion and Superconductivity

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第15期7卷 1995-2007页

作者： W. john martin Institute of Progressive Medicine South Pasadena USA

Existing explanations for several major phenomena in physics may need to be reconsidered in light of the description of a natural force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). Three examples are selected for discussion in this paper: i) The proposed wave-particle duality of electrons;ii) cold fusion;and iii) superconductivity. The current interpretations of these enigmatic concepts are incomplete and not fully validated by scientific methods. The observations underlying these processes are seemingly consistent with KELEA acting as a repelling force between opposite electrical charges. Relatively simple experiments can be designed to either confirm or exclude KELEA in these and in various other currently perplexing physical phenomena.

关键词： KELEA Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction LENR Low Energy Nuclear Reaction Wave-Particle Duality Double Slit Experiment Cold Fusion Deuterium Palladium Superconductivity Condensed Matter Nuclear Science Brown’s Gas Electrolysis Activated Water