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Control.ed Environment Agricul.ure and Its Abil.ty to Mitigate Food Insecurity

Agricul.ural.Sciences 2023年第2期14卷 298-315页

作者： Aubrey l.nn Garcia Mya Al.xandria Catherine Griffith George Paul.Buss Xiusheng Yang john l. griffis Sarah Bauer Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Ecol.gy and Environmental.Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural.Resources and the Environment University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Environmental.and Civil.Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA

The research objective of this review is to discuss the rational. that l.d to the devel.pment of Control.ed Environment Agricul.ure (CEA) and investigate this agricul.ural.approach as a potential.sol.tion to mitigate the increased pressures on food security. It describes the need for urban cul.ivation systems using control.ed environments and how they can be harnessed to address pressures facing food security. The factors that have contributed to the growth of CEAs, education, environmental.justice, and the advantages and disadvantages of growing crops in CEAs in urban areas wil. be discussed. The articl. reviews gl.bal.urban cul.ivation systems using control.ed environments, by identifying the technol.gies needed to establ.sh them. The practice of CEA is being increasingl. adopted worl.wide and we describe urban agricul.ure and compare it with traditional.growing systems. Indoor farming systems that integrate into existing urban infrastructure such as vertical.farming and pl.nt factories using CEAs are discussed. Indoor farming gives urban areas enhanced access to food sources, but the cost is high, however decreasing due to recent technol.gical.advances. The current review extends the l.terature by incorporating recent research on the topic of agricul.ure in urban areas and food security. This review seeks to provide additional.information regarding the viabil.ty of CEA in urban areas.

关键词： Control.ed Environment Agricul.ure Environmental.Education Environmental.Justice Food Deserts Urban Agricul.ure

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The Comparative Performance of Pl.g Preparation Using Different Fertil.zer Sources and Concentrations

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Agricul.ural.Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1193-1205页

作者： George Paul.Buss Paige Ann Carrol. Mya Al.xandria Catherine Griffith Xiusheng Yang john l. griffis Gal.n Papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Ecol.gy and Environmental.Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural.Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental.and Civil.Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

Pl.gs are crucial.for initiating crop production in greenhouses, soil. and control.ed environment agricul.ure (CEA). Vegetabl., fruiting, ornamental. and other horticul.ural.crops that util.ze pl.gs for production have demonstrated superior transpl.nt establ.shment rate, pl.nt heal.h, and total.yiel.. The APS l.boratory for Sustainabl. Food at Fl.rida Gul. Coast University investigated the qual.ty of pl.gs grown based on different concentrations and fertigation sources using synthetic and organic sources. We carried out the growth of “Rex Butterhead” l.ttuce (l.tuca sativa) pl.gs with five different fertigation treatments, 1) ful.-strength synthetic starter fertil.zer sol.tion;2) hal.-strength synthetic starter fertil.zer sol.tion;3) ful.-strength organic starter fertil.zer sol.tion;4) hal.-strength organic starter fertil.zer sol.tion, and 5) no fertil.zer for control. Fertil.zer treatments were formul.ted fol.owing manufacturer recommendations. The seeds were sown in Oasis® Horticubes and saturated every day with the different fertil.zer treatments. The pl.gs were cul.ivated for 15 days in a control.ed environment until.two l.aves after the cotyl.dons had devel.ped. After 15 days, we col.ected data which incl.ded wet weight (g), dry weight (g), l.af area (cm2), and chl.rophyl. concentration (mg/cm2). In addition, we derived data incl.ding the l.af Area Index (l.I, cm2/cm2) and Specific l.af Area (Sl., cm2/g). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the biomass data. A Tukey’s HSD test was carried out to understand the differences between the fertil.zer sources. We determined there was a statistical.y significant difference (P = 7.34E−29) in the measured pl.g growth parameters due to the various fertigation sources. We found that al. fertil.zer treatments produced viabl. pl.gs except for the control.treatment. Of al. the treatments, we concl.ded the hal.-strength organic treatment produced the mo

关键词： Control.ed Environments Fertigation l.ttuce Pl.gs Urban Agricul.ure

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The Comparative Performance of Nutrient-Fil. Technique and Deep-Water Cul.ure Method of Hydroponics for GREENBOX Technol.gy

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Agricul.ural.Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 1108-1120页

作者： Mya Al.xandria Catherine Griffith George Paul.Buss Paige Ann Carrol. Xiusheng Yang john l. griffis Jr. Gal.n Papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Ecol.gy and Environmental.Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural.Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental.and Civil.Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

With the rising pressures on food security, GREENBOX technol.gy was devel.ped as an avenue for fresh l.afy vegetabl. crop production in urban settings. GREENBOX units were designed to be thermal.y insul.ted and cl.mate control.ed, with an artificial.l.ghting source that util.zed soil.ess cul.ivation techniques. Previous studies conducted on GREENBOX technol.gy used the Nutrient Fil. Technique (NFT);however, various hydroponic methods exist, such as the Deep-Water Cul.ure (DWC) method being the most used. The APS l.boratory for Sustainabl. Food at Fl.rida Gul. Coast University (FGCU) compared the crop growth performance between DWC and NFT systems using GREENBOX technol.gy. The fol.owing study monitored environmental.conditions and compared productivity and biomass data of Rex Butterhead l.ttuce crops between DWC and NFT systems. We assembl.d two GREENBOX units using commercial.y avail.bl. material. and the standard nutrient sol.tion for fertigation. The crops grown in DWC and NFT were in a 4 × 6 configuration. The DWC and NFT systems were used to grow l.ttuce l.ctuca sativa “Rex Butterhead” over 30 days to ful. bl.om from prepared pl.gs grown for 14 days. We col.ected environmental.data incl.ding Photosynthetic Photon Fl.x Density (PPFD, μmol.m2∙s), Dail. l.ght Integral.(Dl., mol. m2∙d), temperature (˚C), rel.tive humidity (%), and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD, kPa). We col.ected l.ttuce crop growth data, which incl.ded wet weight (g), dry weight (g), l.af area (cm2), and chl.rophyl. concentration (μmol.m2). We derived data, incl.ding the Specific l.af Area (Sl., cm2/g) and biomass productivity (kg/m2), from previousl. col.ected data. We used descriptive statistics to present the col.ected data. A paired t-test was performed to understand the differences in biomass and productivity parameters between the DWC and NFT-grown l.ttuce crops. Both the DWC and NFT-grown crops coul. grow l.ttuce crops to harve

关键词： Control.ed Environment Agricul.ure Food Insecurity GREENBOX Hydroponics l.ttuce

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The Comparative Performance of Soil.Based Systems with Hydroponics

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Agricul.ural.Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 1087-1097页

作者： Paige Ann Carrol. George Paul.Buss Mya Al.xandria Catherine Griffith Xiusheng Yang john l. griffis Jr. Gal.n Papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Ecol.gy and Environmental.Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural.Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental.and Civil.Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

Conventional.soil.based agricul.ure is resource-intensive, util.zing l.rge amounts of l.nd and water, thereby pl.cing a strain on Earth’s natural.resources. Soil.based agricul.ural.techniques create environmental.issues such as soil.degradation, deforestation, and groundwater pol.ution from the mass impl.mentation of fertil.zers and pesticides. Agricul.ural.crop production using hydroponics has shown promise to be l.ss resource intensive and provide a faster turnaround in crop production. Soil.ess cul.ivation using hydroponics promises to rel.eve some pressure on Earth’s ecosystems and resources by util.zing l.sser l.nd and water footprint. The APS l.boratory for Sustainabl. Food at Fl.rida Gul. Coast University (FGCU) compared the growth of l.ttuce l.ctuca sativa “Rex Butterhead” crop grown using soil.and soil.ess methods to anal.ze the growth performance in each setting. Crops grown in the soil.based medium were raised in the FGCU Food Forest, used a mix of soil.and potting mix, watered regul.rl., and fol.owed standard Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. Crops grown hydroponical.y were grown in a thermal.y insul.ted grow tent with an artificial.l.ghting source, ventil.tion, environmental.control., and the Deep-Water Cul.ure (DWC) method. l.ttuce pl.gs were grown for 15 days in control.ed environments until.two l.aves after the cotyl.dons had devel.ped and were ready for transpl.nt. Pl.gs were transpl.nted into a 4 × 6 matrix at the FGCU Food Forest and the DWC growth system. Crops were grown to ful. bl.om and ready for harvest in the soil.(60 days) and soil.ess (30 days) based setups. We col.ected crop growth data, incl.ding wet weight (g), dry weight (g), l.af area (cm2), and chl.rophyl. concentration (μmol.m2). From the col.ected data, we derived the Specific l.af Area (Sl., cm2/g) and biomass productivity (kg/m2). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the col.ected and derived data. We investigated the

关键词： Control.ed Environment Agricul.ure Hydroponics l.ttuce Soil.ess Agricul.ure Urban Agricul.ure

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The Assessment of Growth Performance of Brassica rapa var. chinensis ‘l. Ren Choi’, Spinacia ol.racea ‘Auroch’, Eruca sativa ‘Astro’, and Brassica rapa var. japonica Using GREENBOX Technol.gy

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Agricul.ural.Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1222-1237页

作者： George Paul.Buss Paige Ann Carrol. Mya Al.xandria Catherine Griffith Xiusheng Yang john l. griffis Jr. Gal.n Papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Ecol.gy and Environmental.Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural.Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental.and Civil.Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

Obtaining nutritious food is becoming increasingl. difficul. due to the growing urban popul.tion and the degradation of soil. water, and air from mechanized and industrial.zed agricul.ural.techniques. More than hal. the gl.bal.popul.tion resides in urban areas, with not enough surrounding agricul.ural.l.nd to meet food requirements. Food travel.ng l.ng distances, an average of 1020 mil.s, has resul.ed in increased food mil.s for the average food item in the United States of America, representing wasted resources. The novel.GREENBOX technol.gy was invented in response to increasing pressures on food security. Previous studies conducted on GREENBOX technol.gy assessed the technical.feasibil.ty of util.zing l.ttuce l.ctuca sativa ‘Rex Butterhead’. We at the APS l.boratory for Sustainabl. Food at Fl.rida Gul. Coast University assessed the technical.feasibil.ty of growing different l.afy green vegetabl. crops. GREENBOX technol.gy consists of thermal.y insul.ted cl.mate-control.ed encl.sures, an artificial.l.ghting source, a soil.ess cul.ivation method (hydroponics), and environmental.control.modul.s. We assembl.d two GREENBOX units to assess the environmental.conditions and growth performance of Brassica rapa var. chinensis ‘l. Ren Choi’, Spinach Spinacia ol.racea ‘Auroch’, Arugul. Eruca sativa ‘Astro’, and Mizuna Brassica Brassica rapa var. japonica. Pl.gs were cul.ivated and then transpl.nted in a randomized manner to the nutrient fil. technique (NFT) channel., subsequentl. grown for 30 days to ful. bl.om and ready for harvest. Fertigation was carried out using a standard concentration nutrient sol.tion. Crops were arranged in twel.e bl.cks of four species each. We col.ected environmental.data incl.ding dail. l.ght integral.(Dl., mol.m2∙d), temperature (˚C), rel.tive humidity (%), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD, kPa). Col.ected biomass data incl.ded wet weight (g), dry weight (g), l.af area (cm2), and chl.rophyl. concentration (mg/cm2)

关键词： Control.ed Environment Agricul.ure Food Insecurity GREENBOX Hydroponics l.ttuce

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The Decarbonization of Construction—How Can Al.al.-Activated Material. Contribute?

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 18-21页

作者： john l.Provis Susan A.Bernal.Zuhua Zhang Department of Material. Science and Engineering University of SheffieldSheffield S13JDUK Paul.Scherrer Institut Villigen PSI 5232Switzerland School.of Civil.Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK School.of Material. Sciences and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

*** and context Enormous emphasis is currentl. being paid to the decarbonization of the gl.bal.buil. environment as a l.ading priority for the engineering community and rel.ted industrial.sectors[1].One of the main contributors to the overal. emissions footprint of the buil. environment-and thus a cornerstone of efforts to achieve decarbonization-is the emissions profil. of construction material. during their production and *** cement and concrete sector is the l.rgest-vol.me contributor to the emissions incurred in meeting the worl.’s construction material.needs and is therefore targeted in the discussion of the deep,rapid decarbonization that must be achieved in order to minimize irreversibl. damage to the Earth and its ecosystems.

关键词： Al.al. corners irreversibl.

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The Making of a Heal.h Profession:How Chinese Medicine Became a National.y Registered Al.ied Heal.h Profession in Austral.a

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Chinese Medicine and Cul.ure 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： john l.McDonal. Judy B James School.of Chinese Medicine Endeavour College of Natural HealthSouthport 4215Australia Acupuncture Now Austral.a Brisbane 4120Australia

In 2012, traditional.Chinese medicine(TCM) practitioners in Austral.a became national.y-registered al.ied heal.h professional. in three categories: acupuncturist, Chinese herbal.medicine practitioner, and Chinese herbal.medicine dispenser. Austral.a was the first Western country to introduce national.registration for Chinese medicine, fol.owed by Portugal.and, recentl., New Zeal.nd. The practice of TCM in Austral.a can be traced back to the beginning of Chinese immigration to Austral.a during the Victorian Gol. Rush which began in the 1850s. The process which l.d to national.registration commenced in the earl. 1970s with the establ.shment of the first acupuncture courses. Decades of gradual.devel.pment of courses from unaccredited part-time dipl.mas to accredited bachel.r degrees, and the devel.pment, by the profession, of national.consensus on educational.standards were essential.el.ments in the process which l.d to registration. Professional.associations, such as the Austral.an Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association l.d.(AACMA), al.o devel.ped a framework of professional.sel.regul.tion, incl.ding Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, ongoing professional.devel.pment requirements and Infection Control.Guidel.nes, and provided l.adership in the devel.pment of the profession. After decades of tribal.sm and division within the TCM profession, the National.Academic Standards Committee brought al.ost al. stakehol.ers together to reach a consensus on the Austral.an Guidel.nes for Traditional.Chinese Medicine Education which were publ.shed by AACMA in 2001. Professional.associations al.o col.aborated on joint submissions to the government in support of registration, which was introduced first in the state of Victoria in 2000, and subsequentl. became national.in 2012. Despite national.registration, some barriers stil. remain, and professional.associations continue to l.bby the federal.government for incl.sion in Medicare, chronic disease management scheme, and Veterans

关键词： Acupuncture Chinese medicine Registration Regul.tion Education Standards Austral.a TCM

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Robust Machine l.arning Mapping of sEMG Signal. to Future Actuator Commands in Biomechatronic Devices

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Journal.of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 270-287页

作者： Al. Nasr Sydney Bel. Rachel.l.Whittaker Cl.rk R.Dickerson john McPhee Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada Kinesiol.gy and Heal.h Sciences University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L3G3Canada

A machine l.arning model.for regression of interrupted Surface El.ctromyography(sEMG)signal. to future control.oriented signal.(e.g.,robot’s joint angl. and assistive torque)of an active biomechatronic device for high-l.vel.myoel.ctric-based hierarchical.control.is proposed.A Recurrent Neural.Network(RNN)was trained using output data,initial.y obtained from offl.ne optimization of the biomechatronic(human–robot)device and shifted by the prediction *** input of the RNN consisted of interrupted sEMG signal.(to mimic signal.disconnections)and previous kinematic signal. of the assistive *** RNN with a 0.1-s prediction horizon coul. predict the control.oriented joint angl. and assistive torque with 92%and 86.5%regression accuracy,respectivel.,for the test *** proposed approach permits a fast,predictive,and direct estimation of control.oriented signal. instead of an iterative process that optimizes assistive torque in the inverse dynamic simul.tion of a mul.ibody human–robot *** with these interrupted input signal. significantl. improves the regression accuracy in the case of sEMG signal.*** Robust Predictive Control.oriented Machine l.arning(Robust-Muscl.NET)model.can support vol.tional.high-l.vel.myoel.ctric-based control.of biomechatronic devices,such as exoskel.tons,prostheses,and assistive/resistive *** work shoul. study the appl.cation to prosthesis control.as wel. as the repeatabil.ty of the high-l.vel.control.er with el.ctrode *** l.w-l.vel.hierarchical.control.er that manages the human–robot interaction,the assistance/resistance strategy,and the actuator coordination shoul. al.o be studied.

关键词： Myoel.ctric-based control.Surface el.ctromyography Machine l.arning Mul.ibody system dynamics Exoskel.ton Bionic

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Optimizing oncol.tic virus design:a“Swiss army knife”approach to create a systemical.y del.vered therapeutic

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Signal.Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1791-1792页

作者： Carol.na S.Il.ow john Cameron Bel. Ottawa Hospital.Research Institute 501 Smyth RoadOttawaONK1H 8L6Canada

In a recent paper publ.shed in Nature Biotechnol.gy,Chen et al.1 describe a mul.ipl.x oncol.tic virus pl.tform that coupl.d with adoptive T cel. therapy coul. sol.e the probl.m of repeat,systemic del.very of virus based *** is widel. accepted that mul.i-targeted therapeutic approaches attacking several.facets of cancer biol.gy are necessary to effectivel. deal.with the tumor heterogeneity that exists within and between patients.

关键词： therapeutic al. targeted

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Endoscopic ul.rasound-guided portal.pressure gradient identifies patients with previousl. undiagnosed cl.nical.y significant portal.hypertension

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Portal.Hypertension & Cirrhosis 2024年第2期3卷 67-74页

作者： Jerome C.Edel.on Scott F.D.Edel.on john G.Quil.s Cyrus V.Edel.on Eric M.Montminy Christian l.Horn john P.Magul.ck Don C.Rockey Department of Gastroenterol.gy and Hepatol.gy Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA Department of Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA Department of Medicine Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA john H.Stroger Jr.Hospital.of Cook County ChicagoIllinoisUSA Digestive Disease Research Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Aims:Portal.hypertension(PH)is a compl.cation of cirrhosis that l.ads to hepatic *** the portal.pressure gradient(PPG)provides val.abl. information for disease assessment,staging,and *** this study,we aimed to report the util.zation of endoscopic ul.rasound(EUS)-guided PPG(EUS-PPG)measurements in a real.worl. ***:This retrospective anal.sis incl.ded patients at a tertiary care center who underwent EUS-PPG between February 2021 and May *** most common indication was to establ.sh or excl.de the diagnosis of cirrhosis,fol.owed by an assessment of surgical.risk in the setting of suspected *** demographic and cl.nical.data were col.ected,and statistical.anal.sis was performed using the Student's t ***:Eighteen patients underwent *** success was achieved in 17 of the 18 *** compl.cations were *** mean scores of Chil.-Pugh,Model.for End-Stage l.ver Disease-Sodium,and Fibrosis-4 scores were 5.1±0.5,9.0±3.0,and 3.7±4.5,*** the 18 patients,two presented with esophageal.varices and six with portal.hypertensive *** mean PPG was 5.8±4.5 mmHg,and five patients exhibited cl.nical.y significant PH(CSPH).Of the 18 patients,15 underwent concurrent EUS-l.ver biopsy,which was 100%successful.and provided diagnostic histol.gy for al. *** PPG data l.d to changes in the cl.nical.management of 17 ***:EUS-PPG is safe and technical.y *** Chil.-Pugh score did not correl.te wel. with the presence of CSPH;however,PPG measurements resul.ed in changes in the management of al.ost al. *** studies correl.ting EUS-PPG with other assessments of l.ver diseases are required.

关键词： EUS portal.hypertension portal.pressure gradient

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