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Molecular biomarkers for oxidative stress and neuronal damage in red-bellied pacu(Piaractus brachypomus)

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第6期8卷 720-726页

作者： Julian David Ortiz Munoz kelly johanna Lozano Villegas Iang Schroniltgen Rondon Barragan Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular BiologyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and ZootechnicsUniversidad Del TolimaSanta Helena HighsIbague-Tolima730006299Colombia Poultry Research Group Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular BiologyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and ZootechnicsUniversidad Del TolimaSanta Helena HighsIbague-Tolima730006299Colombia

Biomarkers are biological molecules that provide information about the physiological condition of an organism such as early signals of health *** aim of this study was to compare the relative gene expression of four molecular biomarkers related to oxidative stress,and neuronal damage in Piaractus brachypomus under three different conditions(exposure to chlorpyrifos(CPF),menthol and eugenol anesthesia,and brain injury).Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to design primers for the molecular biomarkers,then,the relative gene expression of COX1,GPX1,BDNF and CALB1 genes was measured by qPCR using brain tissue cDNA from the treated animals as template and 2-ΔΔCT method was ***1a gene was used as reference *** results showed a response to chemical stress in the CPF treatment samples where GPX1,BDNF and CALB1 genes were ***,in menthol/eugenol and brain injury treatments,no alterations in the relative gene expression were observed.

关键词： Menthol Eugenol Chlorpyrifos Brain injury Gene expression

What are the pathways between poverty and malaria in sub-Saharan Africa?A systematic review of mediation studies

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 13-30页

作者： Solomon T.Wafula Theresa Habermann Mara Anna Franke Jürgen May Dewi Ismajani Puradiredja Eva Lorenz johanna Brinkel Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical MedicineHamburgGermany Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health School of Public HealthMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda Charité Global Health Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Hamburg-Borstel-Lubeck-RiemsHamburgGermany Department of Tropical Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UKE)HamburgGermany Institute of Medical Biostatistics Epidemiology and InformaticsUniversity Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany

Background Malaria remains a major burden in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA).While an association between poverty and malaria has been demonstrated,a clearer understanding of explicit mechanisms through which socioeconomic position(SEP)influences malaria risk is needed to guide the design of more comprehensive interventions for malaria risk *** systematic review provides an overview of the current evidence on the mediators of socioeconomic disparities in malaria in *** We searched PubMed and Web of Science for randomised controlled trials,cohort,case-control and cross-sectional studies published in English between January 1,2000 to May 31,*** studies were identified following reviews of reference lists of the studies *** included studies that either(1)conducted a formal mediation analysis of risk factors on the causal pathway between SEP and malaria infections or(2)adjusted for these potential mediators as confounders on the association between SEP and malaria using standard regression *** least two independent reviewers appraised the studies,conducted data extraction,and assessed risk of bias.A systematic overview is presented for the included *** We identified 41 articles from 20 countries in SSA for inclusion in the final *** these,30 studies used cross-sectional design,and 26 found socioeconomic inequalities in malaria *** formal mediation analyses showed limited evidence of mediation of food security,housing quality,and previous antimalarial ***,education,insecticide-treated nets,and nutrition were highlighted in the remaining studies as being protective against malaria independent of SEP,suggesting potential for ***,methodological limitations included the use of cross-sectional data,insufficient confounder adjustment,heterogeneity in measuring both SEP and malaria,and generally low or moderate-quality *** studies considered exposure mediator interactions or considered iden

关键词： Malaria Mediation Socioeconomic disparity Sub-Saharan Africa

Role of chloride on the instability of blue emitting mixed‑halide perovskites

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2023年第4期16卷 61-70页

作者： Max karlsson Jiajun Qin kaifeng Niu Xiyu Luo johanna Rosen Jonas Björk Lian Duan Weidong Xu Feng Gao Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology(IFM)Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics(IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Although perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have seen unprecedented development in device efciency over the past decade,they sufer signifcantly from poor operational *** is especially true for blue PeLEDs,whose operational lifetime remains orders of magnitude behind their green and red ***,we systematically investigate this efciency-stability discrepancy in a series of green-to blue-emitting PeLEDs based on mixed Br/*** fnd that chloride incorporation,while having only a limited impact on efciency,detrimentally afects device stability even in small *** lifetime drops exponentially with increasing Cl-content,accompanied by an increased rate of change in electrical properties during *** ascribe this phenomenon to an increased mobility of halogen ions in the mixed-halide lattice due to an increased chemically and structurally disordered landscape with reduced migration *** results indicate that the stability enhancement for PeLEDs might require diferent strategies from those used for improving efciency.

关键词： Ion migration Blue electroluminescence Mixed halide perovskites

Above-ground woody biomass allocation and within tree carbon and nutrient distribution of wild cherry(Prunus avium L.)-a case study

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第2期3卷 138-152页

作者： Christopher Morhart Jonathan P. Sheppard johanna k. Schuler Heinrich Spiecker Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg Tennenbacher Str. 4 D 79106 Freiburg Germany

Background： The global search for new ways to sequester carbon has already reached agricultural lands. Such land constitutes a major potential carbon sink. The production of high value timber within agroforestry systems can facilitate an in-situ carbon storage function. This is followed by a potential long term ex- situ carbon sinkwithin long lasting products such as veneer and furniture. For this purpose wild cherry （Prunus avium L.） is an interesting option for middle Europe, yielding high prices on the timber market. Methods： A total number of 39 wild cherry were sampled in 2012 and 2013 to assess the leafless above ground biomass. The complete trees including stem and branches were separated into 1 cm diameter classes. Wood and bark from sub-samples were analysed separately and nutrient content was derived. Models for biomass estimation were constructed for all tree compartments. Results： The smallest diameter classes possess the highest proportion of bark due to smaller cross sectional area. Tree boles with a greater amount of stem wood above 10 cm in diameter will have a more constant bark proportion. Total branch bark proportion also remains relatively constant above *** measurements of 8 cm. A balance is evident between the production of new branches with a low diameter and high bark proportion offset by the thickening and a relative reduction in bark proportion in larger branches. The results show that a single tree with an age of 17 and 18 years can store up to 85 kg of carbon within the aboveground biomass portion, an amount that will increase as the tree matures. Branches display greater nutrient content than stem sections per volume unit which can be attributed to a greater bark proportion. Conclusions： Using the derived models the carbon and the nutrient content of above-ground woody biomass of whole trees can be calculated. Suggested values for carbon with other major and minor nutrients held within relatively immature trees strongly supports the id

关键词： Carbon sequestration Biomass Bark Branch Stem Nutrient content AIIometry Agroforestry

Estimation of drag forces caused by natural woody vegetation of different scales

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第4期26卷 608-623页

作者： JALONEN johanna JRVEL Juha Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Aalto University

To reliably estimate water levels and velocities in vegetated rivers and floodplains, flow resistance models based on physical plant properties are advantageous. The purpose of this study is （1） to assess the suitable parameterization of woody riparian vegetation in estimating the drag forces, （2） to address the effect of plant scale on the drag estimates and reconfiguration, and （3） to evaluate the applicability of three recently developed flow resistance models. Experiments on four tree species in a towing tank together with detailed characterization of tree properties were carried out to establish a novel dataset. Despite the variability in the tree height （0.9 m-3.4 m）, the stem, leaf and total areas proved to be suitable characteristic dimensions for estimating the flow resistance at different scales. Evaluations with independent data revealed that the tested models produced reasonable results. The performance of the models was controlled by the parameter values used rather than the model structure or the plant scale.

关键词： drag force flow resistance woody vegetation modelling

Leaf gas exchange characteristics,biomass partitioning,and water use efficiencies of two C4 African grasses under simulated drought

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Grassland Research 2023年第1期2卷 37-45页

作者： kevin Z.Mganga Jana kuhla Andrea Carminati johanna Pausch Mutez A.Ahmed Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands Department of Agricultural Sciences South Eastern Kenya UniversityKituiKenya Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research(BayCEER) University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA

Background:Few studies have evaluated the effect of drought on the morphophysiological characteristics of African C_(4) *** investigated how drought affects leaf gas exchange characteristics,biomass partitioning,and water use efficiencies of Enteropogon macrostachyus and Cenchrus ***:The grasses were grown in a controlled environment under optimum conditions,that is,70%of the maximum water‐holding capacity(WHC)for the first 40 ***,half of the columns were maintained under optimum or drought conditions(30%of maximum WHC)for another 20 ***:Under optimum conditions,*** showed a significantly higher photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate than *** decreased the photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate only in *** net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and leaf transpiration of *** did not differ significantly under optimum and drought *** showed an increase in its water use efficiencies under drought to a greater extent than ***:Our results demonstrate that *** is more sensitive to drought than *** decrease in the intercellular CO_(2) concentration and the increase in stomatal limitation with drought in *** and *** suggest that stomatal limitation plays the dominant role in photosynthesis of the studied African C_(4) grasses.

关键词： biomass fractions C_(4)grasses drought photosynthesis stomatal conductance transpiration

Recuperation of severe tumoral calcinosis in a dialysis patient: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第23期7卷 4004-4010页

作者： Lukas Westermann Lisa k Isbell Marie k Breitenfeldt Frederic Arnold Elvira Rothele johanna Schneider Eugen Widmeier Department of Medicine IV Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79106Germany Department of Medicine I Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79106Germany Dialysis Center Freiburg Freiburg 79100Germany

BACkGROUND One of the common late sequela in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD)is the calcium phosphate disorder leading to chronic hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia causing the precipitation of calcium salt in soft *** calcinosis is an extremely rare clinical manifestation of cyst-like soft tissue deposits in different periarticular regions in patients with ESRD and is characterized by extensive calcium salt containing space-consuming painful *** treatment of ESRD patients with tumoral calcinosis manifestation involves an increase in or switching of renal replacement therapy regimes and the adjustment of oral medication with the goal of improved hypercalcemia and *** SUMMARY We describe a 40-year-old woman with ESRD secondary to IgA-nephritis and severe bilateral manifestation of tumoral calcinosis associated with hypercalcemia,hyperphosphatemia and tertiary *** patient was on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and treatment with vitamin D *** switching her to a daily hemodialysis schedule and adjusting the medical treatment,the patient experienced a significant dissolution of her soft tissue calcifications within a couple of *** remission was achieved 11 mo after the initial *** Reduced patient compliance and subsequent insufficiency of dialysis regime quality contribute to the aggravation of calcium phosphate disorder in a patient with ESRD leading to the manifestation of tumoral ***,the improvement of the treatment strategy and reinforcement of patient compliance enabled complete remission of this rare disease entity.

关键词： End-stage renal disease Renal replacement therapy-dialysis Hyperparathyroidism Hypercalcemia Hyperphosphatemia Tumoral calcinosis Case report

The Role of Inertia and Dissipation in the Dynamics of the Director for a Nematic Liquid Crystal Coupled with an Electric Field

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Communications in Computational Physics 2015年第6期18卷 147-166页

作者： Peder Aursand johanna Ridder Department of Mathematical Sciences Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyNO–7491 TrondheimNorway Department of Mathematics University of OsloP.O.Box NO-1053BlindernOslo-0316Norway

We consider the dynamics of the director in a nematic liquid crystal when under the influence of an applied electric *** an energy variational approach we derive a dynamic model for the director including both dissipative and inertial forces.A numerical scheme for the model is proposed by extending a scheme for a related variational wave *** experiments are performed studying the realignment of the director field when applying a voltage difference over the liquid crystal *** particular,we study how the relative strength of dissipative versus inertial forces influence the time scales of the transition between the initial configuration and the electrostatic equilibrium state.

关键词： Nematic liquid crystals Freedericksz transition dynamics of director fields

From deception to frankness： Benefits of ontogenetic shift in the anti-predator strategy of alder moth Acronicta alni larvae

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 114-122页

作者： Janne k VALkONEN Ossi NOkELAINEN Marianne JOkIMAkI Elviira kUUSINEN Mirva PALORANTA Maiju PEURA johanna MAPPES Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyv/iskyl/iFinland

Animals can avoid prédation by masquerading as objects that are not food to their predators. Alder mothAcronicta alnilarvae go through an impressive ontogenetic change from masquerade to highly conspicuous appearance: early larval stages resemble bird droppings but in the last instar the larval coloration changes into striking yellow-and-black stripes. We hypothesized that such a change may be driven by differential prédation favoring dissimilar anti-predator strategies in different life stages. We show with a series of laboratory assays that larvae are distasteful to birds regardless of their developmental stage, suggesting that ontogenetic color change is not driven by the differential chemical defense. Birds showed higher variance in hesitation toward conspicuous prey; some individuals hesitated long time before attacking whereas all birds attacked instantly masqueraded prey. We also found that the activity level of the larvae increased with age, which fits to the fact that larvae need to move from foliage to pupation sites. In the field by using artificial larvae resembling the two life-history stages we found prédation risk to vary during the season: In early summer larger yellow-and-black larvae were attacked most, whereas later in the summer small ‘bird-dropping-larvae’ suffered the highest prédation. We conclude that the ontogenetic switch from masquerading to aposema-tism is adaptive most likely because actively moving prey cannot mimic immotile objects and thus, aposematism during the active and vulnerable period when larvae are searching for pupation sites becomes beneficial.

关键词：捕食策略个体发育幼虫木蛾欺骗颜色变化实验室检测发育变化