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Annual trends of human brucellosis in pastoralist communities of south-western Uganda: a retrospective ten-year study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 316-323页

作者： Catherine Kansiime Elizeus Rutebemberwa Benon BAsiimwe Fredrick Makumbi joel Bazira Anthony Mugisha Department of Health Policy Planning and ManagementSchool of Public HealthCollege of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityP.O.Box 7072KampalaUganda Department of Medical Microbiology College of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityP.O.Box 7072KampalaUganda Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthCollege of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityP.O.Box 7072KampalaUganda Department of Microbiology Mbarara University of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box 1410MbararaUganda Animal Resources and Biosecurity College of Veterinary MedicineMakerere University School of Veterinary MedicineP.O.Box 7062KampalaUganda

Background:Human brucellosis is prevalent in both rural and urban Uganda,yet most cases of the disease in humans go unnoticed and untreated because of inaccurate diagnosis,which is often due to the disease not manifesting in any *** study was undertaken to describe trends in laboratory-confirmed human brucellosis cases at three health facilities in pastoralist communities in South-western,***:Data were collected retrospectively to describe trends of brucellosis over a 10-year period(2003–2012),and supplemented with a prospective study,which was conducted from January to December *** public health facilities and a private clinic that have diagnostic laboratories were selected for these *** prevalence was calculated and linearly plotted to observe trends of the disease at the health facilities.A modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate the risk ratio(RR)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)to determine the association between brucellosis and independent variables using the robust error ***:A total of 9,177 persons with suspected brucellosis were identified in the retrospective study,of which 1,318(14.4%)were confirmed *** cases peaked during the months of April and June,as observed in nearly all of the years of the study,while the most noticeable annual increase(11–23%)was observed from 2010 to *** the prospective study,there were 610 suspected patients at two public health *** these,194(31.8%)were positive for *** aged 45–60 years(RR=0.50;CI:0.29–0.84)and those that tested positive for typhoid(RR=0.68;CI:0.52–0.89)were less likely to have ***:With the noticeable increase in prevalence from 2010 to 2012,diagnosis of both brucellosis and typhoid is important for early detection,and for raising public awareness on methods for preventing brucellosis in this setting.

关键词： Trends Brucellosis Pastoralist communities

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Analysis of Lateritic Soil Reinforced with Palm Kernel Shells for Use as a Sub-Base Layer for Low-Traffic Roads

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第5期18卷 1469-1482页

作者： joel Koti Crespin P.Yabi Mohamed Gibigaye Anne Millien Christophe Petit LEMA University of Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin GC2D University of Limoges17 Bd Jacques DercheEgletonsFrance National University of Sciences TechnologiesEngineering and MathematicsAbomeyBenin

In tropical areas,palm oil production generates significant amounts of waste,including palm kernel *** use of this waste in the civil engineering sector,presents a very challenging *** the present study,the production of lateritic soil(A-2 in GTR classification and A-7-6(9)in HRB classification)reinforced with palm kernel shells is *** order to improve their performances,these materials are mixed using the Fuller’s parabolic ***,experimental tests are used to characterize the physical and mechanical geotechnical properties of the lateritic *** characterizing the matrix(i.e.,lateritic soil)and the inclusions(i.e.,palm kernel shells)in their natural state,it is found that Avrankou’s lateritic soil has a high level of fine particles(56.6%),high plasticity(PI=21%)and low lift(ICBR=17%);which makes it unusable in the pavement *** also prove that the mixture composed of 39%of lateritic soil volume and 61%of PKS with a CBR index equals to 30 and the mixture composed of 45%of lateritic soil,40%PKS and 15%of lagoon sand with a CBR index equals to 41 can be used as sub-base layer for roads for low and medium traffic,respectively.

关键词： Palm kernel shell lateritic soil subbase layer low-traffic roads

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Posttesticular sperm maturation, infertility, and hypercholesterolemia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 742-748,I0007页

作者： Marjorie Whitfield Xavier PoUet-Villard Rachel Levy joel R Drevet Fabrice Saez Team 'Mechanisms of post-testicular infertility' Genetique Reproduction et Developpement UMR CNRS 6293 INSERM U1103 Clermont Universite 24 Avenue des Landais BP80026 63171 Aubiere Codex France Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogenetique-CECOS Hopital Jean Verdier (AP-HP) Avenue du 14 Juillet 93143 Bondy France Service de Medecine de la Reproduction Hopital Tenon (AP-HP) 4 Rue de la Chine 75020 Paris France Unite de Recherche en Epidemiologie Nutritionnelle INSERM U557 INRA CNAM Universite Paris 13 CRNH IdF 93017 Bobigny France

cholesterol is a key molecule in the mammalian physiology of especial particular importance for the reproductive system as it is the common precursor for steroid hormone synthesis. cholesterol is also a recognized modulator of sperm functions, not only at the level of gametogenesis. cholesterol homeostasis regulation is crucial for posttesticular sperm maturation, and imbalanced cholesterol levels may particularly affect these posttesticular events. Metabolic lipid disorders （dyslipidemia） affect male fertility but are most of the time studied from the angle of endocrine/testicular consequences. This review will focus on the deleterious effects of a particular dyslipidemia, Le., hypercholesterolemia, on posttesticular maturation of mammalian spermatozoa.

关键词： cholesterol dyslipidemia epididymis fertility posttesticular maturation spermatozoa

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NMR probeheads for biophysical and biomedical experiments : theoretical principles & practical guide

NMR probeheads for biophysical and biomedical experiments : ...

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2006年

作者： Mispelter joel.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Bacterial microcosms obey Taylor’s law:effects of abiotic and biotic stress and genetics on mean and variance of population density

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 77-82页

作者： Oliver Kaltz Patricia Escobar-Páramo Michael E Hochberg joel E Cohen Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution UMR CNRS-UM2-IRD5554CC 065UniversitéMontpellier 2Place Eugène BataillonMontpellier Cedex 0534095France Centro Internacional de Física(CIF) Biotechnology GroupUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaCra 30 N°45-03BogotáDCColombia Laboratory of Populations Rockefeller and Columbia Universities1230 York AvenueBox 20New YorkNY10065-6399USA

Introduction:According to the empirical regularity called Taylor’s law,the variance of population density in samples of populations is a power of the mean population *** exponent is often between 1 and *** experiments investigated how genetics,evolution,and environment shape Taylor’s ***:Genetically different strains(wild type and hypermutator)of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens evolved and were assayed under different environmental conditions(with and without antibiotic rifampicin and bacteriophage SBW252,separately and in combination).Results:Experimental treatments altered the exponent b,but not the power law form,of the relation between variance and mean population *** populations treated only with rifampicin had a narrow range of mean population densities and exponent b=*** exposed to rifampicin plus phage had b=*** ancestral,control,and phage-exposed populations,mean abundance varied widely and b was not significantly different from *** factors(mutation rate,selection)and ecological factors(abiotic,biotic)jointly influenced ***:Taylor’s power law relationship accurately and robustly described variance as a function of mean population density,with overall exponent b=*** and other experiments with different factors acting on bacterial population size support the relevance of models that predict‘universal’patterns of fluctuation scaling.

关键词： Taylor’s law Pseudomonas fluorescens rifampicin bacteriophage genetics

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Review of additive manufactured tissue engineering scaffolds:relationship between geometry and performance

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Burns & Trauma 2018年第3期6卷 167-182页

作者： Andrew Gleadall Dafydd Visscher Jing Yang Daniel Thomas joel Segal Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershire LE11 3TUUK Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Hand SurgeryVU University Medical CenterAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands Faculty of Science School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG7 2RDUK 3Dynamic Systems Heol Ty Gwyn Industrial EstateBridgend CF34 0BQUK Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG7 2RDUK.

Material extrusion additive manufacturing has rapidly grown in use for tissue engineering research since its adoption in the year 2000. It has enabled researchers to produce scaffolds with intricate porous geometries that were not feasible with traditional manufacturing processes. Researchers can control the structural geometry through a wide range of customisable printing parameters and design choices including material, print path, temperature, and many other process parameters. Currently, the impact of these choices is not fully understood. This review focuses on how the position and orientation of extruded filaments, which sometimes referred to as the print path, lay-down pattern, or simply'scaffold design', affect scaffold properties and biological performance. By analysing trends across multiple studies, new understanding was developed on how filament position affects mechanical properties. Biological performance was also found to be affected by filament position, but a lack of consensus between studies indicates a need for further research and understanding. In most research studies, scaffold design was dictated by capabilities of additive manufacturing software rather than free-form design of structural geometry optimised for biological requirements. There is scope for much greater application of engineering innovation to additive manufacture novel geometries. To achieve this, better understanding of biological requirements is needed to enable the effective specification of ideal scaffold geometries.

关键词： Fused deposition modelling Bioprinting 3D printing Scaffold architecture Tissue engineering constructs Regenerative medicine

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Review of operative considerations in spinal cord stem cell therapy

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第2期13卷 168-176页

作者： Pavan S Upadhyayula joel R Martin Robert C Rennert Joseph D Ciacci Department of Neurological Surgery University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92037United States

Spinal cord injury(SCI)can permanently impair motor and sensory function and has a devastating cost to patients and the United States healthcare *** cell transplantation for treatment of SCI is a new technique aimed at creating biological functional *** techniques in stem cell transplantation for SCI are *** review various clinical treatment paradigms,surgical techniques and technical considerations important in SCI *** NCBI PubMed database was queried for“SCI”and“stem cell”with a filter placed for“clinical trials”.Thirty-nine articles resulted from the search and 29 were included and evaluated by study authors.A total of 10 articles were excluded(9 not SCI focused or transplantation focused,1 canine model).Key considerations for stem cell transplantation include method of delivery(intravenous,intrathecal,intramedullary,or excision and engraftment),time course of treatment,number of treatments and time from injury until *** are no phase III clinical trials yet,but decreased time from injury to treatment and a greater number of stem cell injections both seem to increase the chance of functional recovery.

关键词： Stem cell Spinal cord injury Operative techniques Stem cell transplantation Intramedullary

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Obesity:an evolutionary context

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Life Metabolism 2022年第1期1卷 10-24页

作者： John R.Speakman joel K.Elmquist Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and ReproductionShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeenUK State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental biologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics KunmingChina Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology Center for Hypothalamic ResearchUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTXUSA

People completely lacking body fat(lipodystrophy/lipoatrophy)and those with severe obesity both show profound metabolic and other health *** levels of body fat somewhere between these limits would,therefore,appear to be *** different models might be *** traditional is a set point(SP)where the levels are regulated around a fixed ***,dual-intervention point(DIP)is a system that tolerates fairly wide variation but is activated when critically high or low levels are *** DIP system seems to fit our experience much better than an SP,and models suggest that it is more likely to have evolved.A DIP system may have evolved because of two contrasting selection *** the lower end,we may have been selected to avoid low levels of fat as a buffer against starvation,to avoid disease-induced anorexia,and to support *** the upper end,we may have been selected to avoid excess storage because of the elevated risks of *** upper limit of control seems to have malfunctioned because some of us deposit large fat stores,with important negative health *** has evolution not protected us against this problem?One possibility is that the protective system slowly fell apart due to random mutations after we dramatically reduced the risk of being predated during our evolutionary *** chance,it fell apart more in some people than others,and these people are now unable to effectively manage their weight in the face of the modern food *** understand the evolutionary context of obesity,it is important to separate the adaptive reason for storing some fat(*** lower intervention point),from the nonadaptive reason for storing lots of fat(a broken upper intervention point).The DIP model has several consequences,showing how we understand the obesity problem and what happens when we attempt to treat it.

关键词： obesity BMI body fat adiposity evolution selection adaptive leptin resistance metabolic programming dual-intervention point model set-point model

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Towards a comprehensive understanding of p75 neurotrophin receptor functions and interactions in the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 701-704页

作者： joel F.Ritala Seán BLyne Antti Sajanti Romuald Girard Janne Koskimäki Division of Clinical Neurosciences Department of NeurosurgeryTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland Neurovascular Surgery Program Section of NeurosurgeryThe University of Chicago Medicine and Biological SciencesChicagoILUSA Department of Psychiatry Central Hospital of Southern OstrobothniaSeinäjokiFinland Neuroscience Center HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

The role of neurotrophins in neuronal plasticity has recently become a strong focus in neuroregeneration research field to elucidate the biological mechanisms by which these molecules modulate synapses,modify the response to injury,and alter the adaptation ***,the prior studies highlight the role of p75 neurotrophin receptor(p75^(NTR))in various injuries and diseases such as central nervous system injuries,Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral *** comprehensive elucidation of the mechanisms,and therapies targeting these molecular signaling networks may allow for neuronal tissue regeneration following an *** to a diverse role of the p75^(NTR)in biology,the body of evidence comprising its biological role is diffusely spread out over numerous *** review condenses the main evidence of p75^(NTR)for clinical applications and presents new findings from published literature how data mining approach combined with bioinformatic analyses can be utilized to gain new hypotheses in a molecular and network level.

关键词： bioinformatics brain injury data mining neuron neurotrophins p75^(NTR) plasticity regeneration

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利用强子探针研究奇特原子核的点质子分布半径及强子探针效应

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Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1647-1652页

作者：张寂潮孙保华 Isao Tanihata Rituparna Kanungo Christoph Scheidenberger Satoru Terashima 王枫 Frederic Ameil joel Atkinson Yassid Ayyad Soumya Bagchi Dolores Cortina-Gil Iris Dillmann Alfredo Estradé Alexey Evdokimov Fabio Farinon Hans Geissel Giulia Guastalla Rudolf Janik Satbir Kaur Ronja Knöbel Jan Kurcewicz Yury Litvinov Michele Marta Magdalena Mostazo Ivan Mukha Chiara Nociforo Hooi Jin Ong Stephane Pietri Andrej Prochazka Branislav Sitar Peter Strmen Maya Takechi Junki Tanaka Jossitt Vargas Helmut Weick John Stuart Winfield School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Research Center for Nuclear Physics(RCNP) Osaka UniversityOsaka 567-0047Japan Astronomy and Physics Department Saint Mary’s UniversityHalifax B3H 3C3Canada TRIUMF Vancouver V6T 4A3Canada GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt D-64291Germany Justus-Liebig University Gießn 35392Germany Helmholtz Research Academy Hesse for FAIR(HFHF) GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion ResearchGießn 35392Germany Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostella E-15706Spain Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology(Indian School of Mines)Dhanbad 826004India Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Comenius UniversityBratislava 84215Slovakia Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie UniversityHalifax B3H 4R2Canada

We report the charge-changing cross sections(σ_(cc))of 24 p-shell nuclides on both hydrogen and carbon at about 900A MeV,of which^(8,9)Li,^(10–12)Be,^(10,14,15)B,^(14,15,17–22)N and^(16)O on hydrogen and^(8,9)Li on carbon are for the first *** from the data set,we found a new and robust relationship between the scaling factor of the Glauber model calculations and the separation energies of the nuclei of interest on both *** allows us to deduce proton radii(R_p)for the first time from the cross sections on *** identical R_p values are deduced from both target data for the neutron-rich carbon isotopes;however,the R_p from the hydrogen target is systematically smaller in the neutron-rich nitrogen *** calls for further experimental and theoretical investigations.

关键词： Exotic nuclei Nuclear size Reaction cross section Glauber model Radioactive ion beam

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