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The Genome of Artemisia annua Provides Insight into the Evolution of Asteraceae Family and Artemisinin Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2018年第6期11卷 776-788页

作者： Qian Shen Lida Zhang Zhihua Liao Shengyue Wang Tingxiang Yan Pu Shi Meng Liu Xueqing Fu Qifang Pan Yuliang Wang Zongyou Lv Xu Lu Fangyuan Zhang Weimin Jiang Yanan Ma Minghui chen Xiaolong Hao Ling Li Yueli Tang Gang Lv Yan Zhou Xiaofen Sun Peter E. Brodelius jocelyn k.c. rose kexuan Tang Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture Plant Biotechnology Research Center Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China SWU-TAAHc Medicinal Plant Joint R&D centre School of Life Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China chinese National Human Genome center at Shanghai Shanghai 201203 China Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Department of chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Linnaeus University 39182 Kalmar Sweden State key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China

Artemisia annua, commonly known as sweet wormwood or Qinghao, is a shrub native to china and has long been used for medicinal purposes. A. annua is now cultivated globally as the only natural source of a potent anti-malarial compound, artemisinin. Here, we report a high-quality draft assembly of the 1.74-gigabase genome of A. annua, which is highly heterozygous, rich in repetitive sequences, and contains 63 226 protein-coding genes, one of the largest numbers among the sequenced plant species. We found that, as one of a few sequenced genomes in the Asteraceae, the A. annua genome contains a large number of genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. Notably, the expansion and functional diversification of genes encoding enzymes involved in terpene biosynthesis are consistent with the evolution of the artemi- sinin biosynthetic pathway. We further revealed by transcriptome profiling that A. annua has evolved the sophisticated transcriptional regulatory networks underlying artemisinin biosynthesis. Based on compre- hensive genomic and transcriptomic analyses we generated transgenic A. annua lines producing high levels of artemisinin, which are now ready for large-scale production and thereby will help meet the chal- lenge of increasing global demand of artemisinin.

关键词： Artemisia annua artemisinin genome evolution transcriptome metabolic engineering

Tomato molecular biology–special collection of papers for molecular horticulture

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Molecular Horticulture 2022年第1期2卷 280-283页

作者： Graham B.Seymour jocelyn k.c.rose School of Biosciences Division of Plant and Crop ScienceUniversity of NottinghamLoughboroughLeics LE125RDUK School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University331 Emerson HallIthacaNY 14853USA

Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is the second most important vegetable crop globally,after potato,with about 100 million tons fresh fruit being grown on 3.7 million hectares(FAO 2021),and is of great importance in the human diet due to the large amount of fruit *** fruit are eaten both fresh and,equally importantly,as a processed product in puree,soups and canned *** provide an important dietary source of vitamins and minerals,such as k,Fe and ca,and are known for the large number of health promoting secondary metabolites,including the carotenoid and flavonoid pigments that give the fruit a spectrum of yellow,red and orange colours.

关键词： culture orange globally

A signaling cascade mediating fruit trait development via phosphorylation-modulated nuclear accumulation of JAZ repressor

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1106-1125页

作者： Wei Wang Jinyao Ouyang Yating Li changsheng Zhai Bing He Huahan Si kunsong chen jocelyn k.c.rose Wensuo Jia college of Horticulture China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China college of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhou 310058China Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthaca14853NYUSA Institute of Horticulture crops Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesUrumqi 830000China

It is generally accepted that jasmonate-ZIM domain(JAZ)repressors act to mediate jasmonate(JA)signaling via cORONATINE-INSENSITIVE1(cOI1)-mediated ***,we report a cryptic signaling cascade where a JAZ repressor,FvJAZ12,mediates multiple signaling inputs via phosphorylation-modulated subcellular translocation rather than the cOI1-mediated degradation mechanism in strawberry(Fragaria vesca).FvJAZ12 acts to regulate flavor metabolism and defense response,and was found to be the target of Fv MPk6,a mitogen-activated protein kinase that is capable of responding to multiple signal ***6 phosphorylates FvJAZ12 at the amino acid residues S179 and T183 adjacent to the PY residues,thereby attenuating its nuclear accumulation and relieving its repression for FvMYc2,which acts to control the expression of lipoxygenase 3(FvLOX3),an important gene involved in JA biosynthesis and a diverse array of cellular *** data reveal a previously unreported mechanism for JA signaling and decipher a signaling cascade that links multiple signaling inputs with fruit trait development.

关键词： defense response JAZ repressor phosphorylation strawberry subcellular translocation

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The tomato HIGH PIGMENT1/DAMAGED DNA BINDING PROTEIN 1 gene contributes to regulation of fruit ripening

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1438-1447页

作者： Anquan Wang Danyang chen Qiyue Ma jocelyn k.c.rose Zhangjun Fei Yongsheng Liu James J.Giovannoni School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Boyce Thompson Institute Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA United States Department of Agriculture Robert W.Holley CenterCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

Fleshy fruit ripening is governed by multiple external and internal cues and accompanied by changes in color,texture,volatiles,and nutritional quality *** extended shelf-life and increased phytonutrients are desired,delaying ripening via genetic or postharvest means can be accompanied by reduced nutritional *** we report that the high pigment 1(hp1)mutation at the UV-DAMAGED DNA BINDING PROTEIN 1(DDB1)locus,previously shown to influence carotenoid and additional phytonutrient accumulation via altered light signal transduction,also results in delayed ripening and firmer texture,resulting at least in part from decreased ethylene *** analysis revealed multiple ethylene biosynthesis and signaling-associated genes downregulated in ***,the hp1 mutation impedes softening of the pericarp,placenta,columella as well as the whole fruit,in addition to reduced expression of the FRUITFUL2(FUL2)MADS-box transcription factor and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 5(XTH5).These results indicate that DDB1 influences a broader range of fruit development and ripening processes than previously thought and present an additional genetic target for increasing fruit quality and shelf-life.

关键词： shelf desired governed

cannabinoids function in defense against chewing herbivores in cannabis sativa L.

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Horticulture Research 2023年第11期10卷 131-140页

作者： George M.Stack Stephen I.Snyder Jacob A.Toth Michael A.Quade Jamie L.crawford John k.Mckay John Nicholas Jackowetz Ping Wang Glenn Philippe Julie L.Hansen Virginia M.Moore jocelyn k.c.rose Lawrence B.Smart Horticulture Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGenevaNY 14456United States Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853United States Plant Breeding Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853United States Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523United States cirona Labs GenevaNY 14456United States Department of Entomology Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGenevaNY 14456United States

In the decades since the first cannabinoids were identified by scientists,research has focused almost exclusively on the function and capacity of cannabinoids asmedicines and intoxicants for humans and other *** little is knownabout the adaptive value of cannabinoid production,though several hypotheses have been proposed including protection from ultraviolet radiation,pathogens,and *** test the prediction that genotypeswith greater concentrations of cannabinoidswill have reduced herbivory,a segregating F2 population of cannabis sativa was leveraged to conduct lab-and field-based bioassays investigating the function of cannabinoids in mediating interactions with chewing *** the field,foliar cannabinoid concentration was inversely correlated with chewing herbivore *** detached leaves,Trichoplusia ni larvae consumed less leaf area and grew less when feeding on leaves with greater concentrations of *** electron and light microscopy were used to characterize variation in glandular trichome ***-free genotypes had trichomes that appeared *** isolate cannabinoids from confounding factors,artificial insect diet was amended with cannabinoids in a range of physiologically relevant *** grew less and had lower rates of survival as cannabinoid concentration *** results support the hypothesis that cannabinoids function in defense against chewing herbivores.

关键词： function founding ultraviolet

Pack Aluminide coatings Formed at 650℃ for Enhancing Oxidation Resistance of Low Alloy Steels

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 641-645页

作者： S. R. rose P. k. Datta Advanced Materials Research Institute School of Engineering and Technology Northumbria University Ellison Building Ellison Place Newcastle upon Tyne NEl 8ST UK.Advanced Materials Research Institute School of Engineering and Technology Northumbria University Ellison Building Ellison Place Newcastle upon Tyne NEl 8ST UK.

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of forming iron aluminide coatings on a commercial 9cr-lMo (wt.%) alloy steel by pack.c.mentation at 650 °c in an attempt to improve its high temperature oxidation resistance. Pack powders containing Al, A12O3 and a series of halide salts were used to carry out the coating deposition experiments, which enabled identification of the most suitable activator for the pack aluminising process at the intended temperature. The effect of pack aluminium content on the growth kinetics and microstructure of the coatings was then studied by keeping deposition conditions and pack activator content constant while increasing the pack aluminium content from 1.4 wt.% to 6 wt.%. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to analyse the phases and microstructures of the coatings formed and to determine depth profiles of coating elements in the coating layer. Oxidation resistance of the coating was studied at 650 °c in air by intermittent weight measurement at room temperature. It was observed that the coating could substantially enhance the oxidation resistance of the steel under these testing conditions, which was attributed to the capability of the iron aluminide phases to form alumina scale on the coating surface through preferential Al oxidation.

关键词：扩散渗碳处理耐氧化性低合金钢铁铝涂层

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Two Types of Liquid Phase Separation Induced by Soft centrifugation in Aqueous Ethyl Acetate Using Ethanol as cosolvent

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Research 2023年第3期6卷 451-460页

作者： Helmut cölfen rose rosenberg Dirk Haffke Simon Stemplinger Thomas Zemb Dominik Horinek Physical chemistry Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstr.10D-78457 KonstanzGermany Institute for Separation chemistry IcSM U Montpellier/cEA/cNRS/ENScM MarcouleFrance Institute of Physical and Theoretical chemistry University of RegensburgD-93040 RegensburgGermany

Water/ethyl acetate/ethanol is widely used as a“green”extractant *** show that 2 different types of phase separation can be induced upon centrifugation in this ternary system using ethanol as a cosolvent of water and ethyl acetate:centrifuge-induced criticality and centrifuge-induced *** expected composition profiles of samples after centrifugation can be represented by bent lines in a ternary phase diagram when gravitational energy is added to the free energy of *** experimental equilibrium composition profiles behave qualitatively as expected and can be predicted using a phenomenological theory of *** concentration gradients are small except near the critical point,as expected for small ***,they are usable when accompanied by temperature *** findings open new possibilities of centrifugal separation,even if control is delicate during temperature *** schemes are accessible even at relatively low centrifugation speed for molecules that float and sediment with apparent molar masses several hundred times larger than the molecular mass.

关键词： separation ternary apparent

A numerical optimization of high altitude testing facility for wind tunnel experiments

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chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2015年第3期28卷 636-648页

作者： J.Bruce Ralphin rose G.R.Jinu c.J.Brindha Department of Aeronautical Engineering Regional Centre of Anna University Department of Mechanical Engineering University College of EngineeringNagercoil Department of Aeronautical Engineering The Raajas Engineering College

Abstract High altitude test facilities are required to test the high area ratio nozzles operating at the upper stages of rocket in the nozzle full flow conditions. It is typically achieved by creating the ambient pressure equal or less than the nozzle exit pressure. On average, air/GN2 is used as active gas for ejector system that is stored in the high pressure cylinders. The wind tunnel facilities are used for conducting aerodynamic simulation experiments at/under various flow velocities and operating conditions. However, constructing both of these facilities require more laboratory space and expensive instruments. Because of this demerit, a novel scheme is implemented for conducting wind tunnel experiments by using the existing infrastructure available in the high altitude testing （HAT） facility. This article presents the details about the methods implemented for suitably modifying the sub-scale HAT facility to conduct wind tunnel experiments. Hence, the design of nozzle for required area ratio A/A＊, realization of test section and the optimized configuration are focused in the present analysis. Specific insights into various rocket models including high thrust cryogenic engines and their holding mechanisms to conduct wind tunnel experiments in the HAT facility are analyzed. A detailed cFD analysis is done to propose this conversion without affecting the existing functional requirements of the HAT facility.

关键词： cFD Enclosed free-jet section Ground testing High altitude testing (HAT)facility Optimization

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Role of support in photothermal carbon dioxide hydrogenation catalysed by Ni/cexTiyO2

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2018年第2期28卷 168-177页

作者： Salina Jantarang Emma c.Lovell Tze Hao Tan Jason Scott rose Amal Particles and catalysis Research Group School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering The University of New South Wales

Nickel was supported on varied ratios of ceria-titania mixed oxides（Ni/cexTiyO2） to evaluate the role the support plays in photothermal carbon dioxide hydrogenation to produce methane. In a batch photothermal reactor system, Ni/ceO2achieved the highest conversion rate, reaching a conversion of 93% in approximately60–90 min. To decouple the influence of light and heat, the cO2hydrogenation was examined in an in-house designed photothermal reactor, whereby heat can be applied externally. Decoupling experiments revealed that heat from the thermalisation by light was the main driving force for the reaction. In addition, the conversion and temperature profile of the different catalysts revealed that the catalyst performance was governed by catalyst reducibility. H2-TPR analyses showed that the Ni became more readily reducible with increasing ce O2content,suggesting that the oxide plays a role in activating the Ni. The reduction temperature of the nickel catalyst（following a reduction and passivation process） was below 200 °c, which meant that the inherent heating temperature of the photothermal reactor was sufficient to initiate Ni/cexTiyO2catalyst activity. The exothermic methanation reaction was then able to heat the system further, ultimately reaching a temperature of 285 °c. The ancillary rise in temperature promotes further nickel reduction and methane formation, leading to a "snow-ball"effect. The findings demonstrate that, to achieve a "snow-ball" effect in a photothermal system, designing a catalyst which is easy to reduce, active for cO2hydrogenation, and capable of converting light to heat for its initial activation is critical.

关键词： Photothermal cO2 Methanation ceria Titania Nickel Reducibility