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Variability of Air-Sea CO_(2) Fluxes and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Distribution in the Atlantic Basin:A Coupled Model Analysis

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第1期4卷 249-258页

作者： Eduardo G.G.de Farias Paulo Nobre joao A.Lorenzzetti Roberto A.F.de Almeida Luiz C.I.junior National Institute for Space Research Center for Weather Forecasts and Climate StudiesCachoeira PaulistaBrazil National Institute for Space Research Remote Sensing DivisionSao Jose dos CamposBrazil

The biogeochemical dynamics of carbon in the ocean is a subject of fundamental interest to environmental studies. In this context, we have implemented a ten year run of the Brazilian Earth System Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model (BESM-OA2.3) integrated with TOPAZ biogeochemical model for the Atlantic basin. The modeled ΔpCO2 for the tropical Atlantic shows very clearly a high dominance of positive fluxes, that is, the CO2 fluxes are sea-to-air throughout the tropical region and for both winter and summer periods. In the mid-latitudes regions negatives fluxes (air-to-sea) were observed for both seasons. An exception to this pattern is an extensive negative tongue on the latitude 10N. The occurrence of this negative ΔpCO2 tongue region in the Tropical Atlantic is highly correlated to negative Evaporation-Precipitation values during this season. In the northern hemisphere (NH) summer the negative values of ΔpCO2 in the tropical Atlantic region are concentrated in the adjacent zone of the Amazon river mouth due to the North Equatorial Counter Current intensification. This process favors the formation of a carbon sink in the adjacent region of the Amazon river mouth. Model results show lowest values of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in a surface layer (100 - 150 m). Highest DIC values are observed in deeper layers and concentrated in an equatorial band. The chlorophyll bloom in equatorial zones was well represented by the model. These blooms are the result of equatorial upwelling that brings the high concentration tongues of DIC present in the equatorial band towards the euphotic zone. This is the first published paper about the BESM-OA2.3 integrated with TOPAZ. The presented results suggest that this modeling system is able to reproduce the main regional carbon dynamics features of the mid-latitude/tropical Atlantic.

关键词： Carbon Cycle Atlantic Basin Coupled Model Climatological Analysis

Root Growth, Nutrition and Yield of Maize with Applied Different Limestone Particle Size in the Cerrado Soil

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 463-472页

作者： Rafael Felippe Ratke Hamilton Seron Pereira joao de Deus Gomes dos Santos junior Joaquim JoséFrazao Juliano Magalhaes Barbosa Bruno de Oliveira Dias Departamento de Engenharias AgronomiaCampus Professora Cinobelina ElvasUniversidade Federal do PiauíBom JesusBrazil Instituto de Ciencias Agrárias Universidade Federal de UberlandiaUberlandiaBrazil Embrapa Centro Nacional de Pesquisa no CerradoPlanaltinaBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduacao em Agronomia Universidade Federal de GoiásGoianiaBrazil

The limestone with smaller particle size provides rapid correction of soil acidity. However, the limestone with large particles can promote bigger root growth, and may still have a residual effect on the soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of the application and incorporation of different limestone with a particle size bigger than 0.30 mm in root growth, nutrition and yield of maize in Cerrado soil. A randomized completed block utilized in this experiment, with five treatments and four replications. The grain sizes of dolomitic limestone incorporated into the Oxisol were: 0 (control, no-lime), 2.00-0.82 mm, 0.82-0.56 mm, 0.56-0.30 mm, 0.30-0.20 mm, in doses of 6.5 t·ha-1, 3.9 t·ha-1, 2.6 t·ha-1 and 1.3 t·ha-1 respectively. The limestone applied in introduction no-tillage. The maize were evaluated of root attributes, nutrition and grain yield in two years 2009 and 2010. The use of limestone particle size of 2.00-0.82 mm, and the quantity of 6.5 t·ha-1 applied to the soil and incorporated showed elongation and root growth of maize thin depth of 20-40 cm in the soil. In that, same proposed management of the limestone was the highest maize grain yield in the first year. The rooting characteristics evaluated correlated with leaf Ca and Cu and maizegrain yield.

关键词： Limestone No-Tillage Zea Mays

Root Growth, Nutrition and Yield of Maize with Applied Finely Limestone in Surface of Cerrado Soil

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第6期5卷 834-844页

作者： Rafael Felippe Ratke Hamilton Seron Pereira joao de Deus Gomes dos Santos junior Joaquim JoséFrazao Juliano Magalhaes Barbosa Bruno de Oliveira Dias Departamento de Engenharias AgronomiaCampus Professora Cinobelina ElvasUniversidade Federal do PiauíBom JesusBrazil Instituto de Ciencias Agrárias Universidade Federal de UberlandiaUberlândiaBrazil Embrapa Centro Nacional de Pesquisa no CerradoPlanaltinaBrazil Programa de Pós-graduacao em Agronomia Universidade Federal de GoiásGoianiaBrazil

The surface applies lime to correcting soil acidity in no-tillage and promotes root development and yield of maize. However, limestone with a particle size smaller than 0.30 mm cannot promote this effect. The aim of this study was to determine the root attributes, nutrition and productivity of maize with limestone ground in no-tillage. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of different particle sizes of limestone applying superficially to the soil under NT 0) control, without lime, 1) 0.30 mm to 0.20 mm 2) 0.20 mm to 0.10 mm, 3) 0, 10 mm to 0.05 mm 4) 0.05 mm to 0.01 mm. Attributes root, leaf nutrition and grain yield of maize were evaluated in two years 2009 and 2010. The elongation of roots in a 20-40 cm depth was greater when using limestone with particle size between 0.30 mm and 0.20 mm. The root length of maize plants correlated with the levels of Mn in maize leaves. The root development promoted by liming effect was not reflected in the productivity of maize.

关键词： Particle Size No-Tillage Limestone

Unlocking the in vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of halophyte plants from the southern Portugal

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第8期9卷 714-719页

作者： Marta Oliveira Policarpo Ademar Sales junior Maria joao Rodrigues Marina DellaGreca Luisa Barreira Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta Alvaro Jose Romanha Luisa Custodio Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR) University of AlgarveCampus de Gambelas 8005-139 FaroPortugal Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou FIOCRUZ Belo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica Universita` Federico Ⅱ Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'AngeloVia Cintia 4I-80126NapoliItaly

Objective:To evaluate the in vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi（***） activity of organic extracts prepared from halophyte species collected in the southern coast of Portugal（Algarve）,and chemically characterize the most active ***:Acetone,dichloromethane and methanol extracts were prepared from 31 halophyte species and tested in vitro against trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of the Tulahuen strain of *** most active extract was fractionated by preparative HPLC-DAD,affording 11 *** most selective fraction was fully characterized by ***:From 94 samples tested,one was active,namely the root dichloromethane extract of Juncus acutus(IC50 < 20 μg/mL).This extract was fractionated by HPLC,affording 11 fractions,one of them containing only a pure compound（juncunol）,and tested for anti-parasitic *** 8(IC50 = 4.1 μg/mL) was the most active,and was further characterized by *** major compounds were phenanthrenes,9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes and ***:Our results suggest that the compounds identified in fraction 8 are likely responsible for the observed anti parasitic *** research is in progress aiming to isolate and identify the specific active *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first report on the in vitro anti *** activity of halophyte species.

关键词： Chagas disease Halophytes Trypanosoma cruzi Phenanthrenes Juncunol

Green Fertilization Enhances the Photosynthetic Performance and the Growth of Leguminous Trees for Restoration Plantation in Central Amazon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第16期5卷 2497-2508页

作者： Roberto Kirmayr Jaquetti Jose Francisco de Carvalho Goncalves joao Baptista Silva Ferraz Marciel J.Ferreira Ulysses Moreira dos Santos junior Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry National Institute of Amazonian ResearchManausBrazil National Institute of Amazonian Research ManausBrazil Forest Science Department Federal University of AmazonManausBrazil

The leguminous tree species Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. and Inga edulis Mart. were grown in the field to reforest a degraded area. To investigate the photosynthetic responses and the initial growth of Amazonian forest species under fertilization, the study species were subjected to different treatments: T1 = unfertilized-control, T2 = chemical fertilization, T3 = green fertilization and T4 = green and chemical fertilization. D. odorata showed the highest absolute growth rates in height under treatments T4 (10.2 cm·month-1) and T2 (12.2 cm·month-1). I. edulis exhibited the best performance for this same parameter in T4 (23.0 cm·month-1). The highest photosynthesis values (Pn) for both D. odorata (13.1 μmol·m-2·s-1) and I. edulis (20.6 μmol·m-2·s-1) were found in T4. The two species also showed the highest performance index values (PIABS) under T4 (D. odorata = 2.9 and I. edulis = 5.2). Our results suggest that the combination of green and chemical fertilization was the most effective of the four treatments evaluated for improving the photosynthetic performance and the growth of both species during the initial establishment of the species in a degraded area.

关键词： Photosynthesis Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Chloroplastid Pigment Contents Dipteryx odorata Inga edulis

Application of NURBS for Obtaining Free Form Curves and Surfaces in Spur and Helical Gears by Using CMM （Coordinate Measurement Machine）

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2014年第5期4卷 432-440页

作者： Luiz Henrique Melo Silva Nobrega Verilton Nunes da Silva Jose Carlos de Lima junior joao Bosco de Aquino Silva Igor Lucena Peixoto Andrezza Rafael Franklin Alves Silva Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Paraiba Jo6o Pessoa 58051-900 Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal Institute of Bahia SimOes Filho 43700-000 Brazil Informatics Center Federal University of Paraiba Jo6o Pessoa 58051-900 Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal Institute of Paraiba Jo6o Pessoa 58900-000 Brazil

Currently, engineering processes require reduced manufacturing time and low cost, in addition to the growing demand for workpieces with high accuracy. Workpieces with complex geometries and free forms has been a common practice in industries from different sectors such as： automotive, aeronautics, bioengineering among others. One way to satisfy the market requirements satisfactorily is making measurements more efficient to make the production process faster, in other words, it is necessary to make the inspection system more accurate and flexible. The coordinate measuring evolved over the past three decades and today it is the technology that best meets the requirements of modem manufacturing through CMMs （coordinate measurement machines）. The CMMs are important tool for design, fabrication and inspection of manufactured products, also used in the application of reverse engineering. These machines are also used by engineers in order to produce an accurate digital model in a virtual space for later use in CAD （computer-aided design）/CAM （computer-aided manufacturing）. It is worth mentioning that the accuracy of the modeling process of given piece depends on the number of control points that are captured on the workpiece surface. Consequently, the laser inspection systems are the best tools for use in reverse engineering, but more expensive when compared to contact measurement systems that use the TTP （touch trigger probe）, also used by CMMs. In this case, this paper aims to present an approach based on NURBS （non-uniform rational B-splines） to obtain free form curves and surfaces from a group of points obtained by using a contact sensor, the touch trigger probe. NURBS is an important mathematical tool and consists of generalizations of Bezier curves and surfaces and B-splines. The approach proposed in this paper can be applied for obtaining free form curves and surfaces in spur and helical gears. Experimental results obtained by measuring spur gears showed that the NU

关键词： Coordinate measurement machine touch trigger probe NURBS reverse engineering.

Inheritance of AFLP markers and genetic linkage analysis in two full-sib families of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei(Crustacea,Decapoda)

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 273-281页

作者： Michele Mantovani Goncalves Luciana Correia de Almeida Regitano Cosme Damiao Cruz Caio Cesio Salgado Patricia Domingues de Freitas joao Luis Rocha Ana Karina Guerrelhas Teixeira Pedro Manoel Galetti-junior Departamento de Genetica e Evolucao Universidade Federal de Sao CarlosSao CarlosBrasil Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste Sao CarlosSPBrasil Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de VicosaVicosaBrasil Genearch Aquacultura Ltda Rua Pedro Zuca s/nPraia de PititingaRio do FogoRNBrasil

The cultivation of the marine species of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei has emerged as one of the segments that best develop in the Brazilian aquaculture, representing the agribusiness that grew the most in recent years. Regarding the economic importance of the farming of this species in Brazil, further studies on genetic improvement were conducted. A F2 segregating population consisting of 192 samples for each G1 and G2 families, from crossing inbred lines was used for the studies performed in the present work. The genetic linkage analysis was based on polymorphic markers derived from nine AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) primers. Fourteen genetic linkage groups including 103 segregating polymorphic markers were constructed covering350 cMfor G1 and four genetic linkage groups including 59 markers were constructed covering300 cMfor G2. Simple marker analyses were performed among individuals evaluated phenotypically, finding markers linked to genes that may be potentially important and useful to assess characteristics of economic importance for traits related to weight and the disease IMN (idiopathic muscle necrosis). The statistical model including markers explained major proportion of phenotypic characteristic weight in relation to disease incidence IMN.

关键词： Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei AFLP Genetic Linkage Groups

Use of Silicon in Mitigating Ammonium Toxicity in Maize Plants

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1780-1784页

作者： Cid Naudi Silva Campos Renato de Mello Prado Cassiano Garcia Roque Antonio joao de Lima Neto Luiz junior Pereira Marques Aridênia Peixoto Chaves Claudia Amaral Cruz Department of Soils and Fertilizers Universidade Estadual Paulista/FCAV Jaboticabal Brazil Department of Soils and Fertilizers Universidade Estadual Paulista/FCAV Jaboticabal Brazil Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Chapad&atildeo do Sul Brazil Universidade Federal de Viçosa Vi&ccedilosa Brazil Department of Applied Biology and Agriculture Universidade Estadual Paulista/FCAV Jaboticabal Brazil Department of Plant Science Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido Mossoró Brazil M.Sc. in Agronomy Natal Brazil

Silicon is a beneficial element that can mitigate abiotic stresses, such as ammonium toxicity. The objective herein was to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) on mitigating toxicity caused by excess ammonium in maize plants grown in nutrient solution. An experiment was conducted with maize plants (cultivar DKB 390 VT Pro II) grown in a greenhouse in pots (8 L) in a hydroponic system. The treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial, consisting of two ammonium concentrations (30 and 60 mmol·L-1) in the absence and presence of Si (10 mmol·L-1), arranged in a completely randomized design with six repetitions. At 28 days after applying the treatments the dry mass of shoots and roots was evaluated, along with accumulation of silicon and nitrogen in the shoots. The use of silicon resulted in increases in the studied variables, regardless of ammonium concentrations. Silicon reduced the effect of toxicity caused by ammonium excess in maize plants, resulting in greater growth and dry matter accumulation.

关键词： Zea mays L. Beneficial Element Nitrogen Nutritional Disorder Abiotic Stress

Strategy Analysis of the Biggest World Supermarkets With Open Capital and Which Act in the Brazilian Market

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Chinese Business Review 2014年第5期13卷 333-346页

作者： Thyago de Melo Duarte Borges joao Agra Neto Luciano Queiroz de Araujo junior Jamerson Viegas Queiroz Fernanda Cristina Barbosa Queiroz Faimara do Rocio Strauh Nilton Cesar Lima Christian Luiz da Silva Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Natal Brazil Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana (UTFPR) Curitiba Brazil

In view of the growth of retail, as well as the performance of large multinational supermarket branch in the Brazilian market, the purpose of this article is an analysis of the strategies of Casino, Carrefour, Walmart and open in the country capital, analyzing their operational, financial indicators socio-environmental initiatives. In order to achieve the main objective of this work, the construction of a method that validates this search was necessary. The main strategies and indicators of the three groups in four areas： corporate strategy, operational areo, financial areo, social and environmental issue, were analyzed. Study of qualitative, descriptive and exploratory character is realised through the importance of these three companies worldwide. As conclusions, it has been the expansion strategies that geared toward developing countries, adherence to new store formats, specializing in electronic commerce, as well as the superiority of Walmart （net sales） and Casino （Profitability）.

关键词： Strategy Supermarkets Wal-Mart Carrefour Casino