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Acute esophageal variceal bleeding:Current strategies and new perspectives

World Journal of Hepatology 2010年第7期2卷 261-274页

作者： Salvador Augustin Antonio González joan genescà Liver Unit Department of Internal MedicineHospital Universitari Vall d’HebronInstitut de RecercaUniversitat Autònoma de Barc elona

Management of acute variceal bleeding has greatly improved over recent years. Available data indicates that general management of the bleeding cirrhotic patient by an experienced multidisciplinary team plays a major role in the f inal outcome of this complication. It is currently recommended to combine pharmacological and endoscopic therapies for the initial treatment of the acute bleeding. Vasoactive drugs (preferable somatostatin or terlipressin) should be started as soon as a variceal bleeding is suspected (ideally during transfer to hospital) and maintained afterwards for 2-5 d. After stabilizing the patient with cautious fluid and blood support, an emergency diagnostic endoscopy should be done and, as soon as a skilled endoscopist is available, an endoscopic variceal treatment (ligation as f irst choice, sclerotherapy if endoscopic variceal ligation not feasible) should be performed. Antibiotic prophylaxis must be regarded as an integral part of the treatment of acute variceal bleeding and should be started at admission and maintained for at least 7 d. In case of failure to control the acute bleeding, rescue therapies should be immediately started. Shunt therapies (especially tran sjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) are very effective at controlling treatment failures after an acute variceal bleeding. Therapeutic developments and increasing knowledge in the prognosis of this complication may allow optimization of the management strategy by adapting the different treatments to the expected risk of complications for each patient in the near future. Theoretically, this approach would allow the initiation of early aggressive treatments in high-risk patients and spare low-risk individuals unnecessary proce dures. Current research efforts will hopefully clarify this hypothesis and help to further improve the outcomes of the severe complication of cirrhosis.

关键词： Portal hypertension Variceal bleeding Complic ations of cirrhosis

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Physiopathology of splanchnic vasodilation in portal hypertension

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World Journal of Hepatology 2010年第6期2卷 208-220页

作者： María Martell Mar Coll Nahia Ezkurdia Imma Raurell joan genescà Liver Diseases Laboratory Liver UnitDepartment of Internal MedicineHospital Universitari Vall d' HebronInstitut de RecercaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona

In liver cirrhosis, the circulatory hemodynamic alterations of portal hypertension signifi cantly contribute to many of the clinical manifestations of the disease. In the physiopathology of this vascular alteration, mesen- teric splanchnic vasodilation plays an essential role by initiating the hemodynamic process. Numerous studies performed in cirrhotic patients and animal models have shown that this splanchnic vasodilation is the result of an important increase in local and systemic vasodilators and the presence of a splanchnic vascular hyporesponsiveness to vasoconstrictors. Among the molecules and factors known to be potentially involved in this arterial vasodilation, nitric oxide seems to have a crucial role in the physiopathology of this vascular alteration. However, none of the wide variety of mediators can be described as solely responsible, since this phenomenon is multifactorial in origin. Moreover, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling processes alsoseem to play a role. Finally, the sympathetic nervous system is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of the hyperdynamic circulation associated with portal hypertension, although the nature and extent of its role is not completely understood. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms known to contribute to this complex phenomenon.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Portal hypertension Splanch- nic vasodilation Hyperdynamic circulation Sympathetic nervous system

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Olfactory receptors in neural regeneration in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2480-2494页

作者： Rafael Franco Claudia Garrigós Toni Capó joan Serrano-Marín Rafael Rivas-Santisteban Jaume Lillo Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain CiberNed Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Spanish National Health Institute Carlos ⅢMadridSpain School of Chemistry Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Laboratory of Computational Medicine Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaCampus BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional *** receptors also contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental *** ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely absent in the central nervous *** gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent *** the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's *** ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian *** ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory *** addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing *** analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation *** review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative *** suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous syste

关键词： adenosine receptors adrenergic receptors ectopic expression G proteincoupled receptors glia neurons

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Laplace plane and low inclination geosynchronous radar mission design

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第6期60卷 62-71页

作者： Stephen HOBBS joan Pau SANCHEZ School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing Cranfield University

This study is inspired by the Laplace orbit plane property of requiring minimal station-keeping and therefore its potential use for long-term geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar(GEOSAR) imaging. A set of GEOSAR user requirements is presented and analysed to identify significant mission requirements. Imaging geometry and power demand are assessed as a function of relative satellite speed(which is determined largely by choice of orbit inclination). Estimates of the cost of station-keeping as a function of orbit inclination and right ascension are presented to compare the benefits of different orbit choices. The conclusion is that the Laplace plane(and more generally, orbits with inclinations up to 15°) are attractive choices for GEOSAR.

关键词： Laplace plane station-keeping geosynchronous inclination GEOSAR

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Introduction to IUMRS World Materials Summits

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2011年第2期21卷 187-188页

作者： joan J.CARVAJAL Physics and Crystallography of Materials and Nanomaterials(FiCMA-FiCNA) Universitat Rovira i Virgili43007TarragonaSpain

The concept of IUMRS World Materials Summits initiated in *** Lian Zhou,president at that time of IUMRS,led several discussions during some informal 1UMRS meetings in Beijing,Xian,Ningbo and Shanghai with the various IUMRS member societies about the future possible developments of the Internationals Union for Materials Research *** one evening boat tour on a lake close to Shanghai in 2005 it emerged the suggestion of organizing conferences on the role of materials for future energy

关键词： World will

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Back-to-Front Ordering of Triangles in Digital Terrain Models over Regular Grids

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2018年第6期33卷 1192-1203页

作者： Jesús Alonso Robert joan-Arinyo Informatics in Engineering Group Technical University of Catalonia 08028 Barcelona Catalonia Center for Biomedical Engineering Research Sant Joan de Ddu Research Institute 08028 Barcelona Catalonia Visualization Interaction and Virtual Reality Group Technical University of Catalonia 08028 Barcelona Catalonia

Visiting triangles that conform a digital terrain model is a core operation in a number of fields like animationand video games or generating profiles, cross-sections, and contours in civil engineering. Perfornfing the visit in an efficientmanner is an issue specially when the output of the traversal depends in some way on additional parameters or informationchanging over time, for example, a moving point of view. In this work we report a set of rules that, given a digital terrainmodel defined over a regular grid and an arbitrary point of view outside the terrain, define a total back-to-front order in theset of digital terrain model triangles with respect to the point. The set of rules is minimal, complete and correct. To assesshow the rules perform, we have implemented a CPU-based algorithm for realistically rendering height fields defined overregular grids. The algorithm does not make use of the z-buffer or shaders featured by our graphics card. We show how ouralgorithm is implemented and show visual results obtained from synthetic and real data. We further discuss the algorithmperformance with respect to two algorithms： a naive algorithm that visits triangles according to grid indices and does notsolve the hidden line problem, and the z-buffer provided by the graphics card featured by our computer. Our algorithmallows real-time interaction when the point of view arbitrarily moves in 3D space and we show that its performance is asgood as that of the z-buffer graphics card.

关键词： back-to-front ordering digital terrain model elevation terrain model triangle strip, visibility

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Meiotic abnormalities in metaphase I human spermatocytes from infertile males： frequencies, chromosomes involved, and relationship with polymorphic karyotype and seminal parameters

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第6期16卷 838-844页

作者： Zaida Sarrate Francesca Vidal joan Blanco Unitat de Biologia Cel.lular Facultat de Biociencies Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles) 08193 Spain.

The aim of this study was to look in depth at the relationship between meiotic anomalies and male infertility, such as the determination of the chromosomes involved or the correlation with patient features. For this purpose, a total of 31 testicular tissue samples from individuals consulting for fertility problems were analyzed. Metaphase I cells were evaluated using a sequential methodology combining Leishman stained procedures and multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization protocols. The number of chromosomal units and chiasmata count per bivalent were established and a hierarchical cluster analysis of the individuals was performed. The relationship of the seminogram and the karyotype over recombination were evaluated using Poisson regression models. Results obtained in this study show a significant percentage of infertile individuals with altered meiotic behavior, mostly specified as a reduction in chiasmata count in medium and large chromosomes, the presence of univalents, and the observation of tetraploid metaphases. Moreover, the number and the type of anomalies were found to be different between cells of the same individual, suggesting the coexistence of cell lines with normal meiotic behavior and cell lines with abnormalities. In addition, chromosomal abnormalities in metaphase I are significantly associated with oligozoospermia and/or polymorphic karyotype variants.

关键词： chiasmata count human spermatocytes multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization polymorphic karyotype seminalparameters

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Building the World Wide Hypermap(WWH)with a RESTful architecture

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第3期7卷 175-193页

作者： joan Maso Xavier Pons Alaitz Zabala Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications(CREAF) Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Geography Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain

The hypermap concept was introduced in 1992 as a way to hyperlink geospatial features to text,multimedia or other geospatial *** then,the concept has been used in several applications,although it has been found to have some *** the other hand,Spatial Data Infrastructures(SDIs)adopt diverse and heterogeneous service oriented architectures(SOAs).They are developed by different standard bodies and are generally disconnected from mass market web *** work expands the hypermap concept to overcome its limitations and harmonise it with geospatial resource oriented architecture(ROA),connecting it to the semantic web and generalising it to the World Wide Hypermap(WWH)as a tool for building a single‘Digital Earth’.Global identifiers,dynamic links,link purposes and resource management capabilities are introduced as a solution that orchestrates data,metadata and data access services in a homogeneous *** is achieved by providing a set of rules using the current Internet paradigm formalised in the REpresentational State Transfer(REST)architecture and combining it with existing Open Geospatial Consortium(OGC)and International Organization for Standardization(ISO)standards.A reference implementation is also presented and the strategies needed to implement the WWH,which mainly consist in a set of additions to current Geographic Information System(GIS)products and a RESTful server that mediates between the Internet and the local GIS applications.

关键词： SDI URI standards hypermap RESTful

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Is there a genetic signature for liver metastasis in colorectal cancer?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第44期13卷 5832-5844页

作者： Cristina Nadal joan Maurel Pere Gascon Servei Oncologia Mèdica Institut Clínic de Malalties Hemato-Oncològiques Hospital Clínic de Barcelona c/Villarroel 170 Barcelona 08036 Spain

Even though liver metastasis accounts for the vast majority of cancer deaths in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), fundamental questions about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of liver metastasis still remain unanswered. Determination of gene expression profiles by microarray technology has improved our knowledge of CRC molecular pathways. However, defined gene signatures are highly variable among studies. Expression profiles and molecular markers have been specifically linked to liver metastases mechanistic paths in CRC. However, to date, none of the identified signatures or molecular markers has been successfully validated as a diagnostic or prognostic tool applicable to routine clinical practice. To obtain a genetic signature for liver metastasis in CRC, measures to improve reproducibility, to increase consistency, and to validate results need to be implemented. Alternatives to expression profiling with microarray technology are continuing to be used. In the recent past, many genes codifying for proteins that are directly or indirectly involved in adhesion, invasion, angiogenesis, survival and cell growth have been linked to mechanisms of liver metastases in CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Liver metastasis Genetic signature Expression profile Arrays

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Quantifying water quality and flow in multi-branched urban estuaries for a rainfall event with mass balance method

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Water Science and Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 317-328页

作者： joan Cecilia Casila Gubash Azhikodan Katsuhide Yokoyama College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology University of the Philippines Los BanosLos Banos 4031Philippines Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyo 192-0397Japan

In this study,field observations were conducted after a heavy rainfall event in the Sumida and Shakujii rivers in Tokyo,*** flow dynamics and fluxes of salt,suspended sediment(SS),and dissolved oxygen(DO)were investigated with the mass balance *** fractions of fresh water and saltwater in seaward and landward flows were *** maximum salt flux in the Shakujii River was 53.8 kg/s during the flood tide,and those in the Sumida River were 680.3 kg/s at the upstream station and 703.7 kg/s at the downstream *** trends of SS and DO fluxes were similar in both *** the Shakujii River,the highest SS(3.1 kg/s)and DO(0.4 kg/s)fluxes appeared during the flood tide after *** the Sumida River,the maximum SS fluxes(6.1 and 6.3 kg/s at the upstream and downstream stations,respectively)and DO fluxes(1.15 and 1.21 kg/s at the upstream and downstream stations,respectively)appeared during the ebb *** mass balance method was used to estimate discharge,salinity,SS concentration,and DO concentration at a station with missing *** results show that the estimated salinity and SS concentration had a significant correlation with the on-site observations,with correlation coefficients(R)of 0.950 and 0.835,respectively,but not for DO concentration(R?0.638).The disparity between the computed and measured data may be explained by the differences in velocity,salinity,topography,sedimentation,and the presence of organic *** analysis based on the advective salt transport components found a lower salt flux per unit width in the Shakujii River(0.36 kg/(m·s))in comparison with that in the Sumida River(2.88 kg/(m·s)).This indicates a higher probability for salt retention in the Shakujii River.©2020 Hohai *** and hosting by Elsevier *** is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Mass balance Water quality Flow Salt transport Sumida River Shakujii River Estuary

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