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黄河源湖泊表层沉积物溶解有机质光谱特征与来源解析

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中国环境监测 2024年第4期40卷 195-203页

作者：张佩莲张含笑李文攀张靖天李怡霍守亮中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室北京100012 中国环境监测总站国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室北京100012

湖泊沉积物是重要的有机碳库,沉积物有机质来源及组成直接影响着水生生态系统健康。以黄河源区湖泊扎陵湖、茶木错、鄂陵湖、星星海和阿涌尕玛错为研究对象,采用紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV-Vis)与三维荧光光谱(EEMs)结合平行因子分析(PARAF... 详细信息

湖泊沉积物是重要的有机碳库,沉积物有机质来源及组成直接影响着水生生态系统健康。以黄河源区湖泊扎陵湖、茶木错、鄂陵湖、星星海和阿涌尕玛错为研究对象,采用紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV-Vis)与三维荧光光谱(EEMs)结合平行因子分析(PARAFAC)方法,对湖泊表层沉积物溶解有机质(DOM)的组成特征与来源进行解析。结果表明,PARAFAC模型共解析出4种荧光组分,分别是两种陆源腐殖质组分C1、C4,以及类酪氨酸组分C2、类色氨酸组分C3,其中C1、C4具有同源性。光谱参数和荧光组分占比分析结果表明,黄河源区湖泊表层沉积物DOM组成受外源输入和内源释放共同作用。扎陵湖和鄂陵湖的内源组分占比较其他湖泊高,总体腐殖化程度低。茶木错、星星海和阿涌尕玛错表层沉积物DOM的陆源输入信号更强,腐殖化特征更明显。光谱参数可有效表征湖泊沉积物DOM组成与来源特性,从而为黄河源区湖泊保护与管理提供科学依据。

关键词：黄河源湖泊溶解有机质光谱特征平行因子分析来源解析

考虑盐度影响的深水水合物地层钻井井筒流动规律

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石油机械 2024年第7期52卷 19-27页

作者：郭庆丰蔡骁刘伟张景田张鑫门明磊中国石油大学(北京) 中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司

水合物分解的气-液-固多相流动问题是深水水合物地层钻井面临的一个新问题。考虑钻进过程中井筒内的多相流动、传热和水合物分解三者之间相互耦合关系,建立了考虑海水盐度影响的含水合物相变气-液-固多相非等温瞬态流动模型。采用室内... 详细信息

水合物分解的气-液-固多相流动问题是深水水合物地层钻井面临的一个新问题。考虑钻进过程中井筒内的多相流动、传热和水合物分解三者之间相互耦合关系,建立了考虑海水盐度影响的含水合物相变气-液-固多相非等温瞬态流动模型。采用室内试验数据与现场实测数据验证了模型的准确性。案例井计算结果表明:随着海水盐度的增加,井筒内水合物分解区域和分解速率逐渐增大。同时,海水盐度越高,钻井过程中井底压力降低的幅度越大,井口气体含量也越高。井口回压和注入流体温度可以有效控制井筒内水合物的分解量。为了保证井口安全,降低水合物分解速率,井口回压应大于4.5 MPa。当入口流体温度在15~30℃范围内时,海水盐度应控制在0.8%~1.9%之间,这将保证井口最大气相体积分数小于10%。研究结果可为深水水合物的开采提供理论支撑。

关键词：水合物地层气-液-固三相流海水盐度水合物分解

维普期刊数据库博看期刊

Arsenic fractionation and contamination assessment in sediments of thirteen lakes from the East Plain and Yungui Plateau Ecoregions, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第10期26卷 1977-1984页

作者： Fengyu Zan Shouliang Huo jingtian zhang Li zhang Beidou Xi Lieyu zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science College of Environmental Science and Engineering Anhui Normal University

Arsenic（As） fractions in the sediments of seven lakes from East Plain Ecoregion and six lakes from Yungui Plateau Ecoregion, China, were investigated. Results indicated that the total As concentrations in sediment samples of lakes of the East Plain Lake Ecoregion are higher than those of Yungui Plateau Lake Ecoregion. Residual As is the main fraction in sediment samples of lakes from both ecoregions, followed by reducible As and soluble or oxidizable As. The total As is correlated to oxidizable As and residual As in sediment samples from both lake ecoregions. As distribution in sediment samples of lakes of the East Plain Ecoregion appears to be affected by human activity, while the As origin mainly comes from natural sources in sediment samples of lakes in the Yungui Plateau Ecoregion. The potential ecological risk index and geoaccumulation index values suggest ＂low to moderate＂ risk degree and ＂unpolluted to moderately polluted＂ for As in the studied lake sediments.

关键词： Arsenic fractionation Sediment Contamination assessment Lake ecoregion

Source apportionment of perfluoroalkyl substances in surface sediments from lakes in Jiangsu Province,China:Comparison of three receptor models

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 321-328页

作者： Yanjie Qi Zhuoshi He Shouliang Huo jingtian zhang Beidou Xi Shibin Hu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University

Receptor models have been proved as useful tools to identify source categories and quantitatively calculate the contributions of extracted *** this study,sixty surface sediment samples were collected from fourteen lakes in Jiangsu Province,*** total concentrations of C_4–C_（14）-perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid（∑_（12）PFASs） in sediments ranged from 0.264 to 4.44 ng/g dw（dry weight）,with an average of 1.76 ng/g *** commonly-applied receptor models,namely principal component analysis-multiple linear regression（PCA-MLR）,positive matrix factorization（PMF） and Unmix models,were employed to apportion PFAS sources in ***,these three models all could well track the ∑_（12） PFASs concentrations as well as the concentrations explained in *** three models identified consistently four PFAS sources：the textile treatment sources,the fluoropolymer processing aid/fluororesin coating sources,the textile treatment/metal plating sources and the precious metal sources,contributing 28.1%,37.0%,29.7% and 5.3% by PCA-MLR model,30.60%,39.3%,22.4% and 7.7% by PMF model,and 20.6%,52.4%,20.2% and 6.8% by Unmix model to the ∑_（12） PFASs,*** statistics of multiple analytical methods could minimize individual-method weaknesses and provide convergent results to enhance the persuasiveness of the *** findings could give us a better knowledge of PFAS sources in aquatic environments.

关键词： Perfluoroalkyl substance Source apportionment PCA-MLR PMF Unmix

Algal uptake of dissolved organic nitrogen in wastewater treatment plants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第12期28卷 56-64页

作者： jingtian zhang Mingzhou Su Beidou Xi Guangren Qian Jianyong Liu Fei Hua Shouliang Huo State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University

The algal uptake of dissolved organic nitrogen （DON） in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic （A20） process was investigated in this study. Anaerobic, aerobic and effluent DON samples from two wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） were separated into hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions using a DAX-8 resin coupled with an anion exchange resin and a nanofiltration （NF） pretreatment Hydrophilic DON accounted for 66.66%-88.74% of the entire DON for the two plants evaluated. After a 1S-day incubation, 16.95%-91.75% DON was bioavailable for algal growth, and untreated samples exhibited higher DON bioavailability, with 52.83% DON average uptake rates, compared with the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions （45.53% and 44.40%, respectively） because the pretreatment caused the inorganic salt to be resistant to algae. Anaerobic untreated samples, hydrophilic fractions and hydrophobic fractions showed higher DON reduction rates and higher biomass accumulation compared with the other DON fractions due to the decomposition of resistant organics by anaerobic and anoxic bacteria. DON in aerobic and effluent samples of plant A was more bioavailable than that of plant B with usages of 27.49%-55.26% DON. DON bioavailability in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process decreased in the following order： anaerobic 〉 effluent 〉 aerobic. The DON contents were reduced after anaerobic treatment in the two plants. The EEM-PARAFAC model identified three DON components, including two humic acid-like substances and one protein-like substance in plant A and two protein-like substances and one humic acid-like substance in plant B.

关键词： Dissolved organic nitrogen Algal uptake Wastewater

A Historical Sedimentary Record of Mercury in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake: Impacts of Human Activities and Climate Change

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Engineering 2019年第2期5卷 296-304页

作者： Hanxiao zhang Shouliang Huo Kevin M. Yeager Beidou Xi jingtian zhang Fengchang Wu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Beijing 100012 China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA

Mercury and its derivatives are hazardous environmental pollutants and could affect the aquatic ecosystems and human health by biomagnification. Lake sediments can provide important historical information regarding changes in pollution levels and thus trace anthropogenic or natural influences. This research investigates the 100-year history of mercury (Hg) deposition in sediments from Chao Lake, a shallow eutrophic lake in China. The results indicate that the Hg deposition history can be separated into three stages (pre-1960s, 1960s–1980s, and post-1980s) over the last 100 years. Before the 1960s, Hg concentrations in the sediment cores varied little and had no spatial difference. Since the 1960s, the concentration of Hg began to increase gradually, and showed a higher concentration of contamination in the western half of the lake region than in the eastern half of the lake region due to all kinds of centralized human-input sources. The influences of anthropogenic factors and hydrological change are revealed by analyzing correlations between Hg and heavy metals (Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn), stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (d13C and d15N), nutrients, particle sizes, and meteorological factors. The results show that Hg pollution intensified after the 1960s, mainly due to hydrological change, rapid regional development and urbanization, and the proliferation of anthropogenic Hg sources. Furthermore, the temperature, wind speed, and evaporation are found to interactively influence the environmental behaviors and environmental fate of Hg.

关键词： Lake sediment Mercury Vertical distribution Anthropogenic activities

Apparent relationships between anthropogenic factors and climate change indicators and POPs deposition in a lacustrine system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第9期31卷 174-182页

作者： Hanxiao zhang Shouliang Huo Kevin M. Yeager Chaocan Li Beidou Xi jingtian zhang Zhuoshi He Chunzi Ma State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Beijing 100012 China Department Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA

Climate change and anthropogenic activities are expected to impact the environmental behaviors and fates of persistent organic pollutants(POPs), however, quantitative studies on these combined factors are scarce. In this study, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDTs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)were used as examples to identify how and when those factors may be related to the deposition of POPs in the sediment of Lake Chaohu, China, using generalized additive models(GAMs). Three historical trends of DDT, PAH, and PCB deposition were delineated in a dated sediment core encompassing ~100 years of historical record: a steady state or gradually increasing stage, a rapidly increasing stage, and a declining stage. The GAM results showed that aquatic total phosphorus(TP) concentrations and regional GDP(anthropogenic factors) were dominant contributors to POP accumulation rates in the lake sediment. The fitted relationships between air temperature and sedimentary DDT and PAH concentrations were linear and negative, while a positive linear relationship was found for PCBs, suggesting that Lake Chaohu may have become a net source for DDTs and PAHs, and a sink for PCBs, under a progressively warming climate.

关键词： POPs Lake sediment Generalized additive models Climate change

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第5期27卷 1-11页

作者： Shouliang Huo jingtian zhang Kevin M.Yeager Beidou Xi Yanwen Qin Zhuoshi He Fengchang Wu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Department Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Kentucky

The technique of DGT（diffusive gradients in thin films） using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT1.92〉DGT0.78〉 DGT0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.

关键词： Sulfidization process Heavy metals DGT(diffusive gradients in thin films)

Microbial bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) in the sediments of Lake Shankou,Northeastern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 79-88页

作者： Mingzhou Su jingtian zhang Shouliang Huo Beidou Xi Fei Hua Fengyu Zan Guangren Qian Jianyong Liu School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences College of Environmental Science and Engineering Anhui Normal University

Dissolved organic nitrogen（DON）extracted from Lake Shankou sediments using KCl was isolated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic *** bioavailabilities of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions to three types of bacterial communities collected from sediments,activated sludge and compost products were *** DON recoveries obtained by DAX-8 and cation exchange resins treatment were 96.17% ± 1.58% and 98.14% ±0% for the samples obtained from N4 and N14 stations,*** 25 days of incubation at 25℃,most DON（59% to 96%）was *** DON exhibited a higher reduction rate than hydrophobic DON during the growth *** wastewater from Changshuihe town was the main degradable DON source to station N4,and 93% of hydrophilic DON and 80% of hydrophobic DON were *** N14 received a large amount of refractory DON from forest soils and exhibited DON degradation rates of 82% and 71% for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions,*** acid contents and fluorescence intensities were also *** 27% to 74% of amino acids were taken up by day 5,and their concentration gradually increased in the following days due to the decomposition of dissolved *** factor analysis resulted in identification of tryptophan-like proteins,tyrosine-like proteins and FA-like *** the growth phase,40%–51% of the tryptophan-like proteins were taken up by bacteria,and the accumulation of tyrosine-like proteins was attributed to the release of biotic *** concentration of the FA-like substances decreased due to microbial decomposition.

关键词： Microbial bioavailability Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) Sediment Amino acids PARAFAC