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A Footprint of Plant Desiccation Tolerance. Does It Exist？

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molecular Plant 2018年第8期11卷 1003-1005页

作者： Henk W.m. Hilhorst maria-Cecilia D. Costa jill m. Farrant Laboratory of Plant Physiology Wageningen University and Research Droevendaalsesteeg 1 Wageningen 6708 PB the Netherlands Department of molecular and Cell Biology University of Cape Town Private Bag Rondebosch Cape Town 7701 South Africa

Desiccation tolerance （DT）, the ability to survive loss of more than 90% of cellular water （≤0.1 g H2O g^-1 dry mass） for prolonged periods, is common in seeds （90% of angiosperm species） but rare in vegetative tissues （0.04% of land plants; reviewed in Gaff and Oliver, 2013）. Vegetative DT is more widespread in non-tracheophytes, being present in 25 species of algae, 158 bryophytes species, and all lichens, but is rare in tracheophytes, being displayed in 64 pteridophyte and 135 angiosperm species （Gaff and Oliver, 2013）.

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Development of spinal deformities in the tight-skin mouse

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Bone Research 2017年第1期5卷 63-71页

作者： Bing Li jill PG Urban Jing Yu Department of Orthopedics Tianjin Hospital Department of Physiology Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of Oxford

Tight-skin （TSK） mice are commonly used as an animal model to study the pathogenesis of marfan syndrome （mFS）, but little is known of their skeletal phenotype and in particular of the development of the spinal deformities, common in mFS. Here we examined growth of the axial skeletons of TSK and wild-type（B6） mice during their period of rapid growth. The whole bodies of mice, 4-12 weeks of age, were scanned after sacrifice, by micro-computed tomography （microCT）. We reconstructed three-dimensional models of the spine and ribs, and measured vertebral body heights and rib lengths using the mac-based image-processing software ＂OsiriX＂. Although the TSK mice were smaller than the B6 mice at 4 weeks, they experienced an early growth spurt and by 8 weeks the height, but not the width, of the vertebral body was significantly greater in the TSK mice than the B6 mice. measurement of the angles of scoliotic and kyphotic curves postmortem in the mice was problematic, hence we measured changes that develop in skeletal elements in these disorders. As a marker of kyphosis, we measured anterior wedging of the vertebral bodies; as a marker for scoliosis we measured asymmetries in rib length. We found, unlike in the B6 mice where the pattern was diffuse, wedging in TSK mice was directly related to spinal level and peaked steeply at the thoracolumbar junction. There was also significant asymmetry in length of the ribs in the TSK mice, but not in the B6 mice. The TSK mice thus appear to exhibit spinal deformities seen in mFS and could be a useful model for gaining understanding of the mechanisms of development of scoliosis and kyphosis in this disorder.

关键词： TSK Development of spinal deformities in the tight-skin mouse Figure

Single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing reveals the impact of chromatin accessibility on gene expression in Arabidopsis roots at the singlecell level

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molecular Plant 2021年第3期14卷 372-383页

作者： Andrew farmer Sandra Thibivilliers Kook Hui Ryu John Schiefelbein marc Libault National Center for Genome Resources Santa FeNM 87505USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnBeadle CenterLincolnNE 68503USA Department of molecular Cellularand Developmental BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Similar to other complex organisms,plants consist of diverse and specialized cell *** gain of unique biological functions of these different cell types is the consequence of the establishment of cell-typespecific transcriptional *** a necessary step in gaining a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling plant gene expression,we report the use of single-nucleus RNA sequencing(sNucRNA-seq)and single-nucleus assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing(sNucATACseq)technologies on Arabidopsis *** comparison of our single-nucleus transcriptomes to the published protoplast transcriptomes validated the use of nuclei as biological entities to establish plant cell-type-specific ***,our sNucRNA-seq results uncovered the transcriptomes of additional cell subtypes not identified by single-cell *** to our transcriptomic approach,the sNucATAC-seq approach led to the distribution of the Arabidopsis nuclei into distinct clusters,suggesting the differential accessibility of chromatin between groups of cells according to their *** reveal the impact of chromatin accessibility on gene expression,we integrated sNucRNA-seq and sNucATAC-seq data and demonstrated that cell-type-specific marker genes display cell-type-specific patterns of chromatin *** data suggest that the differential chromatin accessibility is a critical mechanism to regulate gene activity at the cell-type level.

关键词： single-cell RNA-seq single-nucleus ATAC-seq Arabidopsis root

mELD score,insulin-like growth factor 1 and cytokines on bone density in end-stage liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2011年第6期3卷 157-163页

作者： Rebecca mitchell jill mcDermid mang m ma Constance L Chik Divisions of Endocrinology and metabolism Department of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2S2AlbertaCanada Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2S2AlbertaCanada

AIm:To determine the contributions of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1),cytokines and liver disease severity to bone mineral density in patients ***:Serum IGF-1,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured and the model for End-Stage Liver Disease (mELD) score calculated in 121 adult patients referred to a single centre for liver *** mineral density (BmD) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were assessed via dual energy X-ray ***,liver disease etiology,medication use and relevant biochemistry were ***:A total of 117 subjects were included,with low BmD seen in 68.6%,irrespective of disease *** multivariable analysis,low body mass index (BmI),increased bone turnover and low IGF-1 were independent predictors of low spinal bone *** the hip,BmI,IGF-1 and vitamin D status were *** prevalent elevations of TNFα and IL-6,levels did not correlate with degree of bone *** mELD score failed to predict low BmD in this pre-transplant ***:Osteopenia/osteoporosis is common in advanced liver *** serum IGF-1 is weakly predictive but serum cytokine and mELD score fail to predict the severity of bone disease.

关键词： Hepatic osteodystrophy Insulin-like growth factor-1 Cytokines Bone mineral density mELD score

Automated Traffic Enforcement： Responding to the Critics

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2017年第1期5卷 1-7页

作者： Charles m. farmer Research and Statistical Services Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Ruckersville VA 22968 USA

In many countries, traffic volumes and the number of drivers are rising faster than the availability of police officers whose routine duties include traffic law enforcement. Automated traffic enforcement, which produces photographic evidence of vehicles detected speeding or running red lights, can be used to supplement traditional enforcement. In the United States and Canada, a number of individuals and organizations have been very vocal in their opposition to automated traffic enforcement. They argue that automated enforcement programs are unnecessary for improving road safety, that they unfairly target relatively good drivers, and that they are motivated by revenue generation rather than safety. These arguments, however, often ignore the numerous peer-reviewed studies that have found real-world benefits in communities that use automated enforcement---cameras deter would-be violators, reduce crashes, and save lives. Solid, published research by a number of experts demonstrates that red light cameras save lives, and speed cameras substantially reduce speeding and speed-related crashes. Surveys of drivers and other road users indicate widespread support for automated enforcement. With regard to fairness, the objective of photo enforcement is to deter violations, not to surreptitiously catch violators. The more public the enforcement is, the better. If anything, automated enforcement programs improve fairness by reducing the potential for prejudicial enforcement. Finally, photo enforcement is intended to improve traffic safety by modifying the driver behaviors that lead to crashes, and it is reasonable to expect that people who break the law should pay for enforcing it. Ticket revenue should decline overtime as the cameras succeed in deterring would-be speeders and red light runners. This paper provides research-based responses to the critics＇ arguments as well as best practice guidelines for effective automated enforcement programs.

关键词： Speeding red-light running photo enforcement best practices.

Differential Splicing of Skipped Exons Predicts Drug Response in Cancer Cell Lines

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021年第6期19卷 901-912页

作者： Edward Simpson Steven Chen jill L.Reiter Yunlong Liu Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of BioHealth Informatics School of Informatics and ComputingIndiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of medical and molecular Genetics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA transcripts is an important regulatory mechanism that increases the diversity of gene products in *** studies have linked specific transcript isoforms to altered drug response in cancer;however,few algorithms have incorporated splicing information into drug response *** this study,we evaluated whether basal-level splicing information could be used to predict drug sensitivity by constructing doxorubicin-sensitivity classification models with splicing and expression *** detailed splicing differences between sensitive and resistant cell lines by implementing quasi-binomial generalized linear modeling(QBGLm)and found altered inclusion of 277 skipped *** additionally conducted RNA-binding protein(RBP)binding motif enrichment and differential ex-pression analysis to characterize cis-and trans-acting elements that potentially influence doxorubicin response-mediating splicing *** results showed that a classification model built with skipped exon data exhibited strong predictive *** discovered an association between differentially spliced events and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EmT)and observed motif enrichment,as well as differential expression of RBFOX and ELAVL RBP family *** work demonstrates the potential of incorporating splicing data into drug response algorithms and the utility of a QBGLm approach for fast,scalable identification of relevant splicing differences between large groups of samples.

关键词： Alternative splicing Transcript isoform Splicing regulation Drug sensitivity Precision medicine

Immune mediators in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2017年第3期36卷 131-138页

作者： Jinlu Dai Yi Lu Hernan Roca jill m. Keller Jian Zhang Laurie K. mcCauley Evan T. Keller Department of Urology and Biointerfaces Institute University of MichiganAnn Arbor MI 48109 USA Center for Translational medicine Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi 520021 P. R. China Periodontics and Oral medicine School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Department of Urology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109.8940 USA

Prostate cancer tissue is composed of both cancer cells and host *** milieu of host components that compose the tumor is termed the tumor microenvironment(TmE).Host cells can be those derived from the tissue in which the tumor originates(e.g.,fibroblasts and endothelial cells)or those recruited,through chemotactic or other factors,to the tumor(e.g.,circulating immune cells).Some immune cells are key players in the TmE and represent a large proportion of non-tumor cells found within the *** cells can have both anti-tumor and pro-tumor *** addition,crosstalk between prostate cancer cells and immune cells affects immune cell *** this review,we focus on immune cells and cytokines that contribute to tumor *** discuss T-regulatory and T helper17 cells and macrophages as key modulators in prostate cancer *** addition,we discuss the roles of interleukin-6 and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand in modulating prostate cancer *** review highlights the concept that immune cells and cytokines offer a potentially promising target for prostate cancer therapy.

关键词： Prostate cancer Tumor microenvironment macrophage T-regulatory cell Th17 cell Interleukin-6 Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand

Towards designing telepresence robot navigation for people with disabilities

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2014年第3期7卷 307-344页

作者： Katherine m.Tsui Eric mcCann Amelia mcHugh mikhail medvedev Holly A.Yanco David Kontak jill L.Drury Department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts LowellLowellMassachusettsUSA Assistive Technology Services Crotched Mountain Rehabilitation CenterGreenfieldNew HampshireUSA multimedia and Collaboration Department The MITRE CorporationBedfordMassachusettsUSA

Purpose–The authors believe that people with cognitive and motor impairments may benefit from using of telepresence robots to engage in social *** date,these systems have not been designed for use by people with disabilities as the robot *** paper aims to discuss these ***/methodology/approach–The authors conducted two formative evaluations using a participatory action design ***,the authors conducted a focus group(n¼5)to investigate how members of the target audience would want to direct a telepresence robot in a remote environment using *** authors then conducted a follow-on experiment in which participants(n¼12)used a telepresence robot or directed a human in a scavenger hunt ***–The authors collected a corpus of 312 utterances(first hand as opposed to speculative)relating to spatial ***,the analysis of the corpus supported several speculations put forth during the focus ***,it showed few statistically significant differences between speech used in the human and robot agent conditions;thus,the authors believe that,for the task of directing a telepresence robot’s movements in a remote environment,people will speak to the robot in a manner similar to speaking to another *** implications–Based upon the two formative evaluations,the authors present four guidelines for designing speech-based interfaces for telepresence ***/value–Robot systems designed for general use do not typically consider people with *** work is a first step towards having our target population take the active role of the telepresence robot operator.

关键词： Focus groups User studies Computer-mediated communication Design guidelines Human-robot interaction Spatial navigation command

Cell-specific pathways recruited for symbiotic nodulation in the medicago truncatula legume

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molecular Plant 2022年第12期15卷 1868-1888页

作者： Sergio Alan Cervantes-Pérez Sandra Thibivilliers Carole Laffont Andrew D.farmer Florian Frugier marc Libault Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68503USA Single Cell Genomics Core Facility Center for BiotechnologyUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay(IPS2) UniversitéParis-SaclayCNRSINRAEUniversitéParis-CitéUniversitéd’Evry91190 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance National Center for Genome Resources Santa FeNM 87505USA

medicago truncatula is a model legume species that has been studied for decades to understand the symbiotic relationship between legumes and soil bacteria collectively named *** symbiosis called nodulation is initiated in roots with the infection of root hair cells by the bacteria,as well as the initiation of nodule primordia from root cortical,endodermal,and pericycle cells,leading to the development of a new root organ,the nodule,where bacteria fix and assimilate the atmospheric dinitrogen for the benefit of the ***,we report the isolation and use of the nuclei from mock and rhizobia-inoculated roots for the single nuclei RNA-seq(sNucRNA-seq)profiling to gain a deeper understanding of early responses to rhizobial infection in medicago roots.A gene expression map of the medicago root was generated,comprising 25 clusters,which were annotated as specific cell types using 119 medicago marker genes and orthologs to Arabidopsis cell-type marker genes.A focus on root hair,cortex,endodermis,and pericycle cell types,showing the strongest differential regulation in response to a short-term(48 h)rhizobium inoculation,revealed not only known genes and functional pathways,validating the sNucRNA-seq approach,but also numerous novel genes and pathways,allowing a comprehensive analysis of early root symbiotic responses at a cell type-specific level.

关键词： medicago root single-cell transcriptomic rhizobium nodule initiation root hair cells cortical cells