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Engineered biochemical cues of regenerative biomaterials to enhance endogenous stem/progenitor cells(ESPCs)-mediated articular cartilage repair

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第8期26卷 490-512页

作者： Liangbin Zhou jietao xu Andrea Schwa Wenxue Tong Jiankun xu Lizhen Zheng Ye Li Zhuo Li Shunxiang xu Ziyi Chen Li Zou Xin Zhao Gerjo J.V.Mvan Osch Chunyi Wen Ling Qin Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology&Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong SARChina Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University999077Hong Kong SARChina Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam3015 GDRotterdamthe Netherlands Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam3015 GDRotterdamthe Netherlands Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health Hong Kong Institute of Science&InnovationChinese Academy of Sciences-CRMH999077Hong Kong SARChina Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong SARChina Department of Otorhinolaryngology Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam3015 GDRotterdamthe Netherlands Department of Biomechanical Engineering Faculty of MechanicalMaritime and Materials EngineeringDelft University of Technology(TU Delft)2600 AADelftthe Netherlands Centre for Translational Medicine Research and Development Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyThe Chinese Academy of Sciences518000ShenzhenChina

As a highly specialized shock-absorbing connective tissue,articular cartilage(AC)has very limited self-repair capacity after traumatic injuries,posing a heavy socioeconomic *** clinical therapies for small-to medium-size focal AC defects are well-developed endogenous repair and cell-based strategies,including microfracture,mosaicplasty,autologous chondrocyte implantation(ACI),and matrix-induced ACI(MACI).However,these treatments frequently result in mechanically inferior fibrocartilage,low cost-effectiveness,donor site morbidity,and short-term *** prompts an urgent need for innovative approaches to pattern a pro-regenerative microenvironment and yield hyaline-like cartilage with similar biomechanical and biochemical properties as healthy native *** regenerative biomaterials can create a favorable local environment for AC repair without causing relevant regulatory and scientific concerns from cell-based treatments.A deeper understanding of the mechanism of endogenous cartilage healing is furthering the(bio)design and application of these ***,the utilization of regenerative biomaterials to magnify the repairing effect of joint-resident endogenous stem/progenitor cells(ESPCs)presents an evolving improvement for cartilage *** review starts by briefly summarizing the current understanding of endogenous AC repair and the vital roles of ESPCs and chemoattractants for cartilage *** several intrinsic hurdles for regenerative biomaterials-based AC repair are *** recent advances in novel(bio)design and application regarding regenerative biomaterials with favorable biochemical cues to provide an instructive extracellular microenvironment and to guide the ESPCs(***,migration,proliferation,differentiation,matrix production,and remodeling)for cartilage repair are ***,this review outlines the future directions of engineering the next-generation regenerative biomaterials toward ultim

关键词： Regenerative biomaterials Endogenous stem/progenitor cells(ESPCs) Articular cartilage(AC)repair Biochemical cues

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Alloyed Pt-Sn nanoparticles on hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages for advanced glycerol electrooxidation

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4055-4061页

作者： jietao Jiang Liqi Zhou Fengfei xu Guanghai Chen Xiaoyu Liu Zhen Shen Lijun Yang Qiang Wu Xizhang Wang Zheng Hu Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for NanotechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Glycerol is an alternative sustainable fuel for fuel cells,and efficient electrocatalyst is crucial for glycerol oxidation reaction(GOR).The promising Pt catalysts are subject to the inadequate capability of C-C bond cleavage and the susceptibility to ***,Pt-Sn alloyed nanoparticles are immobilized on hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages(hNCNCs)by convenient ethylene glycol reduction and subsequent thermal *** optimal Pt_(3)Sn/hNCNC catalyst exhibits excellent GOR performance with a high mass activity(5.9 A·mg_(Pt)^(-1)),which is 2.7 and 5.4 times higher than that of Pt/hNCNC and commercial Pt/C,*** an enhancement can be mainly ascribed to the increased anti-poisoning and C-C bond cleavage capability due to the Pt_(3)Sn alloying effect and Sn-enriched surface,the high dispersion of Pt_(3)Sn active species due to N-participation,as well as the high accessibility of Pt_(3)Sn active species due to the three-dimensional(3D)hierarchical architecture of *** study provides an effective GOR electrocatalyst and convenient approach for catalyst preparation.

关键词： Pt_(3)Sn alloy hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages glycerol electrooxidation anti-poisoning C-C bond cleavage

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Riverine sulfate sources and behaviors in arid environment,Northwest China:Constraints from sulfur and oxygen isotopes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 716-731页

作者： Yifu xu Wenjing Liu Bing xu Zhifang xu Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The fate of riverine sulfate ion (SO_(4)^(2-)) and its environmental effects in arid environment are difficult to evaluate due to its complicated sources and strongly coupled behaviors with water cycle which is significantly modified by *** understand the sulfur cycle in aquatic systems in arid environment,the chemical and sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ^(34)S_(SO4)and δ^(18)O_(SO4)) of major rivers around the Badain Jaran Desert,northwestern China,were *** rivers had averaged SO_(4)^(2-)content at 1336μmol/L,over 10times higher than the global *** δ^(34)S_(SO4)and δ^(18)O_(SO4)values ranged from-5.3‰to+11.8‰and+1.6‰to+12.8‰,*** end-member analysis and the inverse model showed that riverine sulfate was mainly derived from evaporites dissolution (0-87%),sulfide oxidation (13%-100%) and precipitation (0-33%),indicating heterogeneity in sulfur sources and behaviors along the river drainage with the lithology variations and climate *** isotopic tools combining with hydro-chemistry compositions could be applied to reveal sulfur cycle in arid *** on the calculation,sulfide oxidation plays the primary role in the headwater and upstream in the Qilian-Mountains area,where sulfide is widely *** the proportion of evaporites dissolution contributing to riverine sulfate is much higher in downstream in a drier ***,less precipitation and higher temperature can lead to more intensive evaporation,affecting the process of sulfide oxidation and enhancing the rates of evaporites dissolution and sulfate precipitation in the basin.

关键词： Sulfur and oxygen isotopes Source apportionment Inverse model Arid environment Inland rivers Northwestern China

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Laboratory evaluation of high-friction thin overlays for pavement preservation

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 936-948页

作者： Ouming xu Rentao xu Lintong JIN School of Highway Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China School of Materials Science and Engineering Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710061China

Traditional asphalt concrete(AC)and stone matrix asphalt(SMA),which are used as thin asphalt overlays,are common maintenance strategies to enhancing ride quality,skid resistance,and ***,several studies have used a novel asphalt mixture known as a high-friction thin overlay(HFTO)to improve surface ***,it remains uncertain whether the laboratory properties of HFTO differ significantly from those of conventional *** study aims to evaluate the laboratory properties of HFTO mixtures and compare them with those of AC and *** mixtures with nominal maximum size of 9.5 mm were produced in the laboratory,and performance tests were conducted,including wheel tracking test,low temperature flexural creep test,moisture susceptibility test,Cantabro Abrasion Test,Marshall Test,sand patch test,British pendulum test,and indoor tire-rollingdown *** results showed that the HFTO exhibited a lower tire/pavement noise than the AC and ***,HFTO had superior high-temperature stability,larger macro texture,and higher skid resistance in comparison to those of AC,but lower than those of ***,HFTO mixtures may be considered a suitable replacement for traditional AC mixtures in regions where skid resistance and noise reduction are concerns.

关键词： road engineering pavement maintenance high friction thin overlay performance skid resistance tire/pavement noise

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Granting strength to aerogel fibers through encapsulation

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Science China Materials 2024年第4期67卷 1365-1366页

作者： Wenhui xu Department of Basic Chemistry School of PharmacyJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchang 330004China

Aerogel fibers, distinguished by their lightweight nature, pronounced porosity, large surface area, and superior thermal insulation properties, have diversified applications in thermal management, energy devices, and environmental remediation[1]. However, compared with monolithic ones, these fibershaped aerogels exhibit limited mechanical strength and resilience due to their one-dimensional small size.

关键词： strength fibers thermal

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Aldehyde oxidase mediated enantioselective metabolic health risk of dinotefuran

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 2079-2091页

作者： Liwei xu Xinxin xu Hua Kuang Chuanlai xu Xiaoling Wu State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection and School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China Collaborative Innovation center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China

Chiral pollutants often pose significant differential environmental health *** this study,the biotransformation of chiral dinotefuran(DIN)and its enantioselective metabolic toxicity mechanisms have been systemically ***,reversedphase chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was developed to quantify the content of DIN R/S chiral enantiomer with pg level sensitivity,revealing a lower elimination rate constant(K_(e))of S-DIN(0.730 h^(-1))than R-DIN(0.746 h^(-1)).Secondly,the interaction mechanism between DIN metabolism and important endogenous bioactive molecules,such as aldehyde oxidase(AOX)and neurotransmitters,was *** DIN nitro-group was converted into a guanidine group by the reducing site of nearby flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)in AOX with the preferred higher affinity of ***,the endogenous tryptophan(Trp)aldehyde metabolic intermediate,5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde(5-HIAL),provides a persistent electron donor for DIN reduction via the oxidation-catalyzed site in AOX,resulting in remarkable up-regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and ***,the higher level of neurotransmitters further mediated dysregulation of oxylipin homeostasis via the serotonergic pathway,where S-DIN exhibited more pronounced liver lipid damage and environmental health risk with the accumulated lipid biomarkers,oxidized triglyceride(OxTG)and oxidized sphingomyelin(OxSM).This study elucidates the AOX-mediated enantioselectivity metabolic pathway of DIN,providing a new analytical method for chiral pollutants and paves the way for their health risk assessments.

关键词： neonicotinoid dinotefuran enantiomer aldehyde oxidase metabolomics health risk

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Skeletal interoception in osteoarthritis

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Bone Research 2024年第2期12卷 241-254页

作者： Dinglong Yang Jiawen xu Ke xu Peng xu Department of Joint Surgery Honghui HospitalXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710054China Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

The interoception maintains proper physiological conditions and metabolic homeostasis by releasing regulatory signals after perceving changes in the internal state of the *** its various forms,skeletal interoception specifically regulates the metabolic homeostasis of ***(OA)is a complex joint disorder involving cartilage,subchondral bone,and *** subchondral bone undergoes continuous remodeling to adapt to dynamic joint *** findings highlight that skeletal interoception mediated by aberrant mechanical loads contributes to pathological remodeling of the subchondral bone,resulting in subchondral bone sclerosis in *** skeletal interoception is also a potential mechanism for chronic synovial inflammation in *** this review,we offer a general overview of interoception,specifically skeletal interoception,subchondral bone microenviroment and the aberrant subchondral *** also discuss the role of skeletal interoception in abnormal subchondral bone remodeling and synovial inflammation in OA,as well as the potential prospects and challenges in exploring novel OA therapies that target skeletal interoception.

关键词： homeostasis inflammation releasing

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Surface Polarization Effects on Collapse Transition of Polyelectrolyte Brushes

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第9期42卷 1313-1320,I0006页

作者： Xiao-Fei xu State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China

Polyelectrolyte brushes(PEBs)are commonly used to modify surface that have attracted great research *** dielectric permittivity of the grafted surface is typically significantly different from that of solution,which results in surface polarization(SP)effect with a jump of electric *** is thus important to study how SP alters the PEB’s structure and *** this work,the SP effects on PEB structure was studied using a statistical thermodynamic *** free energy functional to describe SP effect was constructed by using the image-charge ***,the electrostatic potential was solved from a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation taking the ion solvation effect into *** the absence of SP,the thickness of PEB exhibited a continuous collapse transition when decreasing the solvent *** the presence of SP,the collapse became a jump-like *** energy analysis showed that the long-range Coulombic interaction dominated the transition because of the enhanced counterion condensation in the presence of *** theory provides an effective tool to study SP effect on PEBs,and the results explain the underlying physics in PEB collapse transition.

关键词： Surface polarization Polyelectrolyte brush Image charge Ion solvation Polyelectrolyte collapse transition

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Malware Evasion Attacks Against IoT and Other Devices: An Empirical Study

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 127-142页

作者： Yan xu Deqiang Li Qianmu Li Shouhuai xu School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCO 80918USA

The Internet of Things(loT)has grown rapidly due to artificial intelligence driven edge *** enabling many new functions,edge computing devices expand the vulnerability surface and have become the target of malware ***,attackers have used advanced techniques to evade defenses by transforming their malware into functionality-preserving *** systematically analyze such evasion attacks and conduct a large-scale empirical study in this paper to evaluate their impact on *** specifically,we focus on two forms of evasion attacks:obfuscation and adversarial *** the best of our knowledge,this paper is the first to investigate and contrast the two families of evasion attacks *** apply 10 obfuscation attacks and 9 adversarial attacks to 2870 malware *** obtained findings are as follows.(1)Commercial Off-The-Shelf(COTS)malware detectors are vulnerable to evasion attacks.(2)Adversarial attacks affect COTS malware detectors slightly more effectively than obfuscated malware examples.(3)Code similarity detection approaches can be affected by obfuscated examples and are barely affected by adversarial attacks.(4)These attacks can preserve the functionality of original malware examples.

关键词： Android malware obfuscation adversarial examples

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Experimental study on performance of spring damping support structure system for large deformation tunnel in soft rock

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Underground Space 2024年第2期15卷 221-243页

作者： Jinfeng xu Xiongyao Xie Zhou Shi Wuqiang Cai Dinglun xu Chen xu Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering Ministry of EducationTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Zhaotong City Zhaolu Expressway Investment and Development Co. ZhaotongYunnan Province 657000China Institute of Rock Mechanics Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang 315211China

According to the convergence confinement theory,it is an effective measure to control the large deformation of high ground stress in fractured soft rock tunnels by using yielding *** yielding support can be classified as either radial or circumferential yielding *** yielding support is achieved by transforming radial displacement into circumferential tangential closure without compromising the support capacity of the primary lining support *** on this,and inspired by the design principle of dampers,a yielding support structure system with spring damping elements as its core was developed,based on the connection characteristics of steel arches in highway tunnel,which can provide increasing support resistance in the yielding deformation *** the mechanical properties of spring damping elements were obtained through indoor axial pressure and flexural *** addition,according to these results with numerical calculations,the yielding support structure system with embedded spring damping elements can reduce the internal force of the support structure by approximately 10%and increase the area of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock by 11.23%,which can fully utilize the self-bearing capacity of surrounding rock and verify the effectiveness of circumferential yielding ***,the spring damping support structure system was designed with reference to the construction process of the tunnel excavated by drilling and blasting method,and the transformation of the spring damping element to spring damping support structure was *** on field test results,surrounding ground pressure for the yielding support optimization scheme was reduced by 40%and more evenly distributed,resulting in the successful application and a reduction in the construction cost of large deformation tunnels in soft rock.

关键词： Soft rock Highway tunnel Convergence confinement method Circumferential yielding support with spring damping element Numerical calculations Field test

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