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机器学习算法在城市绿地碳储量估算中的应用

景观设计 2024年第2期22卷 8-11页

作者：李佳旭康濒月李洪远南开大学南开大学环境科学与工程学院

在“碳达峰”“碳中和”的时代背景下,低碳城市的建设方法引人深思;尤其是城市绿地,作为重要的城市基础设施之一,估算其碳储量受到越来越多的关注。遥感技术结合机器学习算法可有效提取数据关系,显著提高生态系统碳储量的估算效率。综... 详细信息

在“碳达峰”“碳中和”的时代背景下,低碳城市的建设方法引人深思;尤其是城市绿地,作为重要的城市基础设施之一,估算其碳储量受到越来越多的关注。遥感技术结合机器学习算法可有效提取数据关系,显著提高生态系统碳储量的估算效率。综述近年来陆地生态系统碳储量估算中机器学习算法的应用,梳理城市绿地碳储量评估的传统方法及局限性,总结遥感技术结合机器学习算法的技术框架,以期为城市绿地碳储量的估算提供新思路。

关键词：城市绿地机器学习碳储量陆地生态系统

二陈汤合三子养亲汤治疗慢性支气管炎的系统评价与meta分析

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海南医学院学报 2024年第8期30卷 607-616页

作者：黄秋红李佳栩蔡家伟周佳麒王光耀许光兰广西中医药大学研究生院广西南宁530001 广西中医药大学第一附属医院广西南宁530023

目的:系统评价二陈汤合三子养亲汤治疗慢性支气管炎的疗效及安全性。方法:通过计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane library、Embase数据库,收集二陈汤合三子养亲汤治疗慢性支... 详细信息

目的:系统评价二陈汤合三子养亲汤治疗慢性支气管炎的疗效及安全性。方法:通过计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane library、Embase数据库,收集二陈汤合三子养亲汤治疗慢性支气管炎的随机对照试验,检索时间时限从各数据库建库至2023年3月31日,同时检索临床注册试验和灰色文献。对最终纳入的研究采用Cochrance风险偏倚评估工具进行质量评价与偏倚风险评估,并运用RevMan 5.3软件对最终纳入研究进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入13篇RCT文献,共涉及了978例患者,其中治疗组490例,对照组488例。Meta分析结果显示:二陈汤合三子养亲汤干预治疗慢性支气管炎,在临床疗效方面,可以显著提高临床总有效率[OR=3.71,95%CI(2.39,5.75),P<0.00001];在症状、体征方面,可以缩短咳嗽停止时间[MD=-4.73,95%CI(-5.63,-3.83),P<0.00001]、喘息停止时间[MD=-3.78,95%CI(-4.30,-3.27),P<0.00001]、肺部啰音消失时间[MD=-4.15,95%CI(-4.82,-3.73),P<0.00001];在肺功能方面,能改善FEV_(1)[MD=0.33,95%CI(0.25,0.40),P<0.00001],改善FEV_(1)/FCV[MD=16.21,95%CI(1.48,30.94),P=0.03];在炎症因子方面,能降低WBC[MD=-3.02,95%CI(-3.55,-2.50),P<0.00001]、CRP[MD=-15.79,95%CI(-20.53,-11.04),P<0.00001]、TNF-α[MD=-8.96,95%CI(-13.45,-4.46),P<0.00001]。纳入的文献均未报道严重不良反应。结论:二陈汤合三子养亲汤干预治疗慢性支气管炎,可以显著提高临床疗效,缩短患者咳嗽、喘息、肺部啰音消失时间,改善患者的肺功能,降低患者炎症因子水平,安全性有待进一步验证,但是纳入文献的方法质量学总体不高,纳入文献的数量较少,仍需要更多高质量、大样本、多中心的RCT支持。

关键词：二陈汤合三子养亲汤慢性支气管炎系统评价 Meta分析

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基于新型疫苗防控细菌感染

军事医学 2024年第7期48卷 549-553页

作者：赵宁韩勇娇李佳旭王超杰邓江张阳阳张艳宇军事科学院军事医学研究院天津科技大学生物工程学院

细菌感染一直威胁着人类健康，超级细菌的出现更增加了临床上治疗细菌感染的难度，目前疫苗仍是预防细菌感染的有效手段之一。近年来，随生物学、医学、材料学等学科前沿技术的飞速发展，为疫苗的研发制备提供了多种创新策略。该文总结... 详细信息

细菌感染一直威胁着人类健康，超级细菌的出现更增加了临床上治疗细菌感染的难度，目前疫苗仍是预防细菌感染的有效手段之一。近年来，随生物学、医学、材料学等学科前沿技术的飞速发展，为疫苗的研发制备提供了多种创新策略。该文总结了近年来防控细菌感染的新型疫苗的研究现状和发展前景，包括亚单位疫苗、mRNA疫苗、减毒活疫苗等，旨在为进一步发展和研究细菌疫苗提供理论和参考依据。

关键词：细菌感染新型疫苗发展现状

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT在肺孤立实性结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值分析

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中华肺部疾病杂志（电子版） 2024年第3期17卷 373-378页

作者：廖一凡张松万宝玉黄文杰李嘉旭邓婕胡洁秦显莉陆军(第三)军医大学第二附属医院核医学科重庆400037

目的分析良恶性肺孤立实性结节(pulmonary solitary solid nodule,PSSN)的临床资料及^(18)F-氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射型计算机断层(^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography,^(18)F-FDG PET/CT)影像特征差异,以提高PSSN良恶性鉴别诊断的意义。方法选择2015年1月至2023年6月我院收治行^(18)F-FDG PET/CT检查的PSSN患者312例,病理结果恶性211例为观察组,良性101例为对照组,计算^(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断PSSN良恶性的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。比较两组临床资料、影像学特征差异,进行PSSN良恶性相关性分析。确定SUV_(max)最佳诊断临界值,绘制ROC曲线判断模型诊断意义。结果采用^(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断PSSN恶性灵敏度80.59%,特异度73.33%,准确率78.85%,阳性预测值90.52%,阴性预测值54.46%。两组年龄及^(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像学特征(结节最大径、毛刺征、分叶征、胸膜牵连、空泡征、血管集束征、空气支气管征、SUV_(max))差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。指标与PSSN良恶性正相关(P<0.05),相关系数分别为0.277、0.301、0.139、0.222、0.265、0.224、0.191、0.133、0.474。二元Logistic回归分析显示,PSSN良恶性与空泡征、血管集束征、SUV_(max)差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SUV_(max)=3.3为临界值诊断PSSN良恶性灵敏度86.29%,特异度56.20%,准确率73.08%,阳性预测71.56%,阴性预测76.24%。结论PSSN最佳SUV_(max)诊断临界值3.3可提高^(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断PSSN良恶性的灵敏度及阴性预测。结合临床资料及^(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像特征综合分析可提高PSSN良恶性鉴别诊断的意义。

关键词：肺孤立实性结节鉴别诊断 ^(18)F-氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射型计算机断层

Topological pseudospin switcher:Mechanism and acoustic realization

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 46-53页

作者： Jia-He Chen Yiyin Chen Yaoqieyu Song Yongxu Xu Xinrong li Jingsong Wang Jiawei He jiaxu Qu Zheng li Xiaofei li Wenqiang lin Jiannan Chen Caixing Fu Zhi Hong Hang School of Physical Science and Technology&Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Institute for Advanced Study Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Provincial Key Lab of Thin Films Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China

The control of the pseudospin of sound wave has attracted increasing attention in recent *** the finite-size effect of topological acoustics,we successfully construct an H-shaped acoustic topological pseudospin switcher that sound wave energy can be easily switched through different *** interesting phenomenon of pseudospin flipping is numerically and experimentally demonstrated.A quantitative interference theory is proposed that the constructive and destructive interference of pseudospin states leads to pseudospin flipping and preserving in multiple *** verify the key parameters of the design,including the length of the passage and its interface state dispersion,and the theory can be extended to other topology acoustics and photonics ***,the tunable topological sonic crystal we use provides adjustable convenience to pseudospin switcher *** pseudospin switching behavior offers an efficient method to control the acoustic topological edge state transport,which has great potential in versatile applications,such as integrated acoustics,acoustic security,and information processing.

关键词： topological acoustics realization

Dynamic Load Restoration Considering the Interdependencies Between Power Distribution Systems and Urban Transportation Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2020年第4期6卷 772-781页

作者： Ying Wang Yin Xu jiaxu li Chen li Jinghan He Jiayu liu Qiqi Zhang School of Electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University(BJTU)Beijing 100044China State Grid Shanghai Electrical Power Company Research Institute Shanghai 200437China

After a major outage,mobile emergency resources(MERs)can be dispatched via the transportation system(TS)for service restoration to critical loads in the power distribution system(PDS).In this case study,the efficiency of service restoration in the PDS is associated with the traffic efficiency of the TS,and vice versa,because the PDS and TS are mutually coupled through traffic lights and *** paper proposes a service restoration method considering interdependency between the PDS and TS,which is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program(MILP).The objective includes maximizing the efficiency of both PDS restoration and *** solving the MILP,the dynamic load restoration and MER dispatch strategies can be *** the PDS,the availability of MERs,including mobile sources and repair crews,relates to their dispatch in the TS,and their relationship is formulated as mathematical *** the TS,the dynamic traffic flow is modeled using the cell transmission model and the effect of traffic lights is *** studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Mobile emergency resources power distribution systems resilience service restoration urban transportation systems

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聚酯合成催化技术的研究进展

高校化学工程学报 2024年第1期38卷 1-13页

作者：王翼嵩王松林姜冰雪李家旭邓维史胜斌 liM Khak Ho 王青月杨轩刘平伟王文俊浙江大学化学工程联合国家重点实验室浙江杭州310058 浙江大学衢州研究院浙江衢州324000 浙江恒逸石化有限公司浙江杭州311209

聚酯工业的进步离不开先进的催化技术。本文对聚酯合成催化体系的研究进展进行了评述。着眼于目前占主导的金属催化剂,对锑、钛、锡、锗、铝等催化剂在活性、副反应等方面所开展的金属复合、配体改性、载体负载等工作进行了总结,介绍了... 详细信息

聚酯工业的进步离不开先进的催化技术。本文对聚酯合成催化体系的研究进展进行了评述。着眼于目前占主导的金属催化剂,对锑、钛、锡、锗、铝等催化剂在活性、副反应等方面所开展的金属复合、配体改性、载体负载等工作进行了总结,介绍了有机物、离子液体、酶等非金属催化体系的研究进展,并对促进聚酯合成的电、光、微波等催化辅助技术进行了评述。催化能力强、副反应少、聚合条件温和催化体系的开发有助于聚酯品质的提升,将先进的表征手段、模型研究以及聚酯构效关系规律探索结合到催化体系的研究中,可加速高效聚酯催化技术的研发。

关键词：聚酯金属催化剂缩聚开环聚合非金属催化剂

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A Trade-off between Solvation and Collision Activation in Steering Competing E2 and S_(N)2 Dynamics

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第1期2卷 40-48页

作者： Hongyi Wang Xu liu Siwei Zhao Gang Fu Wenqing Zhen li Yang jiaxu Zhang State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001P.R.China College of Chemistry Liaoning UniversityShenyang 110036P.R.China

The prototypical E2 elimination and SN2 sub-stitution reactions between microsolvated fluoride and ethyl bromide show unexpected dynamic behaviors in mechanistic evolution driven by solvation and collision *** the steric effects,the gas-phase selectivity favors an E2 pathway barely dependent on collision ***,base solvation steers the reaction in an effective way toward substitution at a near-thermal energy,whereas the governing high-energy events retain *** dynamics simulations reproduce exper-imental findings and uncover a crucial solute-solvent coupling in determining such competing ***,collision activation can tune the underlying atomistic dynamics essentially in the reactant entrance channel and cause a mechanism *** features for the ubiquitous competing E2/SN2 dynamics remain quite unknown,providing unique insight into reaction selectivity for complex chemical networks.

关键词： E2/S_(N)2 Competition Atomistic Dynamics Reaction Mechanisms Microsolvation Collision Activation

Toward Establishing a Low-cost UAV Coordinated Carbon Observation Network(LUCCN):First Integrated Campaign in China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 1-7页

作者： Dongxu YANG Tonghui ZHAO Lu YAO Dong GUO Meng FAN Xiaoyu REN Mingge li Kai WU Jing WANG Zhaonan CAI Sisi WANG jiaxu GUO liangfu CHEN Yi liU Carbon Neutrality Research Center(CNRC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmospheric Physics and Global Environment Observation(LAGEO) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Remote Sensing Center of China Beijing 100036China The Administrative Center for China’s Agenda 21 Beijing 100862China

In this study,we introduce our newly developed measurement-fed-perception self-adaption Low-cost UAV Coordinated Carbon Observation Network(LUCCN)*** LUCCN primarily consists of two categories of instruments,including ground-based and UAV-based in-situ *** use the GMP343,a low-cost non-dispersive infrared sensor,in both ground-based and UAV-based *** first integrated measurement campaign took place in Shenzhen,China,4 May *** the campaign,we found that LUCCN’s UAV component presented significant data-collecting advantages over its ground-based counterpart owing to the relatively high altitudes of the point emission sources,which was especially obvious at a gas power plant in *** emission flux was calculated by a crosssectional flux(CSF)method,the results of which differed from the Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide(ODIAC).The CSF result was slightly larger than others because of the low sampling rate of the whole emission cross *** LUCCN system will be applied in future carbon monitoring campaigns to increase the spatiotemporal coverage of carbon emission information,especially in scenarios involving the detection of smaller-scale,rapidly varying sources and sinks.

关键词： CO_(2) measurement networks power station carbon emission cross-sectional flux method