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Comprehensive Study on the Influence of Evapotranspiration and Albedo on Surface Temperature Related to Changes in the Leaf Area Index

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第7期32卷 935-942页

作者： zhu jiawen ZENG Xiaodong International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

Many studies have investigated the influence of evapotranspiration and albedo and emphasize their separate effects but ignore their interactive influences by changing vegetation status in large amplitudes. This paper focuses on the comprehensive influence of evapotranspiration and albedo on surface temperature by changing the leaf area index （LAD between 30^-90~N. Two LAI datasets with seasonally different amplitudes of vegetation change between 30^-90~N were used in the simulations. Seasonal differences between the results of the simulations are compared, and the major findings are as follows. （1） The interactive effects of evapotranspiration and albedo on surface temperature were different over different regions during three seasons [March-April-May （MAM）, June-July-August （JJA）, and September-October-November （SON）], i.e., they were always the same over the southeastern United States during these three seasons but were opposite over most regions between 30°-90°N during JJA. （2） Either evapotranspiration or albedo tended to be dominant over different areas and during different seasons. For example, evapotranspiration dominated almost all regions between 30^-90~N during JJA, whereas albedo played a dominant role over northwestern Eurasia during MAM and over central Eurasia during SON. （3） The response of evapotranspiration and albedo to an increase in LAI with different ranges showed different paces and signals. With relatively small amplitudes of increased LAI, the rate of the relative increase in evapotranspiration was quick, and positive changes happened in albedo. But both relative changes in evapotranspiration and albedo tended to be gentle, and the ratio of negative changes of albedo increased with relatively large increased amplitudes of LAI.

关键词： surface temperature evapotranspiration albedo leaf area index comprehensive influence

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Trend in seasonal amplitude of northern net ecosystem production:Simulated results from IAP DGVM in CAS-ESM2

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第2期17卷 45-51页

作者： jiawen zhu Xiaodong Zeng International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

北方陆地净生态系统生产力(NEP)具有明显的季节变化特征,这是大气CO_(2)季节变化的关键驱动.研究这些碳循环过程并理解潜在的驱动因素是气候研究的一个关键问题.本文利用第二代中国科学院地球系统模式(CAS-ESM2)中的全球植被动态模型(IA... 详细信息

北方陆地净生态系统生产力(NEP)具有明显的季节变化特征,这是大气CO_(2)季节变化的关键驱动.研究这些碳循环过程并理解潜在的驱动因素是气候研究的一个关键问题.本文利用第二代中国科学院地球系统模式(CAS-ESM2)中的全球植被动态模型(IAPDGVM),研究了1990-2014年北方NEP(40°-90°N)的季节振幅及其变化趋势.在初始化试验的基础上,本文开展了一个控制试验来评估模拟的北方NEP季节幅度的变化趋势,同时开展了三个敏感性试验来研究气候和大气CO_(2)的贡献.结果表明:1990-2014年,模拟的北方NEP季节振幅显著增加,趋势为9.69万吨碳/月/年,这主要是由于最大NEP增加所致.当分别排除CO_(2)施肥效应和气候效应时,上述增加趋势大大减弱.这些显著的减少表明大气CO_(2)和气候变化对北方NEP的季节性振幅有重要影响.尽管模式存在不确定性,但这些结果有利于进一步提升IAPDGVM对陆地碳循环的精确模拟,也为CAS-ESM研究碳-气候相互作用的应用提供了重要参考.

关键词：净生态系统生产力北方陆地生态系统季节变化幅度 CO_(2)施肥效应气候效应

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Development of an Establishment Scheme for a DGVM

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第7期33卷 829-840页

作者： Xiang SONG Xiaodong ZENG jiawen zhu Pu SHAO International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of lnformation Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

Environmental changes are expected to shift the distribution and abundance of vegetation by determining seedling estab- lishment and success. However, most current ecosystem models only focus on the impacts of abiotic factors on biogeophysics （e.g., global distribution, etc.）, ignoring their roles in the population dynamics （e.g., seedling establishment rate, mortality rate, etc.） of ecological communities. Such neglect may lead to biases in ecosystem population dynamics （such as changes in population density for woody species in forest ecosystems） and characteristics. In the present study, a new establishment scheme for introducing soil water as a function rather than a threshold was developed and validated, using version 1.0 of the IAP-DGVM as a test bed. The results showed that soil water in the establishment scheme had a remarkable influence on forest transition zones. Compared with the original scheme, the new scheme significantly improved simulations of tree population density, especially in the peripheral areas of forests and transition zones. Consequently, biases in forest fractional coverage were reduced in approximately 78.8% of the global grid cells. The global simulated areas of tree, shrub, grass and bare soil performed better, where the relative biases were reduced from 34.3% to 4.8%, from 27.6% to 13.1%, from 55.2% to 9.2%, and from 37.6% to 3.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the new scheme had more reasonable dependencies of plant functional types （PFTs） on mean annual precipitation, and described the correct dominant PFTs in the tropical rainforest peripheral areas of the Amazon and central Africa.

关键词： establishment scheme soil water IAP-DGVM1.0 forest population density fractional coverage

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Changes in the seasonal amplitude of northern ecosystem productivity under future global warming

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2023年第3期16卷 1-6页

作者： jiawen zhu Xiaofei Gao Xiaodong Zeng International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

观测显示过去几十年北半球大气二氧化碳季节幅度大幅增加,这主要是由北半球陆地净生态系统生产力季节幅度的增加所致。但是,因为气候变化和植被动态的不确定性,未来陆地净生态系统生产力季节幅度的变化还很不清楚.本工作利用全球植被动... 详细信息

观测显示过去几十年北半球大气二氧化碳季节幅度大幅增加,这主要是由北半球陆地净生态系统生产力季节幅度的增加所致。但是,因为气候变化和植被动态的不确定性,未来陆地净生态系统生产力季节幅度的变化还很不清楚.本工作利用全球植被动力学模式研究了全球变暖背景下北纬45°以北陆地净生态系统生产力季节幅度的变化.作者做了两大类试验:当代试验(1981-2000)和CMIP5RCP8.5变暖情景驱动的未来试验(2081-2100).结果显示,在RCP8.5变暖情景下北半球中高纬陆地净生态系统生产力季节幅度整体增加,这是因为陆地净生态系统生产力的月最大值增加且月最小值减小.最大(最小)陆地净生态系统生产力的增加(减小)是由于总初级生产力的增加强(弱)于生态系统总呼吸,总初级生产力和生态系统总呼吸的变化都主要受地表气温和植被动态的驱动.本工作强调了植被动态对北半球中高纬陆地生态系统碳循环的关键调制作用,也强调了在地球系统模式中包含全球植被动力学模式的重要性。

关键词：陆地生态系统碳循环全球变暖植被动态碳循环的季节变化

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Free-standing hybrid films comprising of ultra-dispersed titania nanocrystals and hierarchical conductive network for excellent high rate performance of lithium storage

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Nano Research 2021年第7期14卷 2301-2308页

作者： Kunlei zhu Chenyu Li Yushuang Jiao jiawen zhu Hongtao Ren Yufeng Luo Shoushan Fan Kai Liu College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal UniversityJingxuan West Road NO.57Qufu 273165China State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Materials Science and Engineering Liaocheng UniversityHunan Road No.1Liaocheng 252000China Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The construction of advanced electrode materials is key to the field of energy ***,a free-standing anatase titania(TiO_(2))nanocrystal/carbon nanotube(CNT)film is reported using a simple and scalable sol-gel method,followed by *** unique free-standing film comprises ultra-small TiO_(2) nanocrystals(~5.9 nm)and super-aligned CNTs,with ultra-dispersed TiO_(2) nanocrystals on the surfaces of the *** the one hand,these TiO_(2) nanocrystals can significantly decrease the diffusion distance of the charges and on the other hand,the cross-linked CNTs can act as a three-dimensional(3D)conductive network,allowing the fast transport of *** addition,the film is free-standing,without requiring electrode fabrication and additional conductive agents and *** to these above synergistic effects,the film is directly used as an anode in Li-ion batteries,and delivers a high discharge capacity of~105 mAh·g^(−1) at high rate of 60 C(1 C=170 mA·g^(−1))and excellent cycling performance over 2,500 cycles at 30 *** results indicate that the free-standing anatase TiO_(2) nanocrystal/CNT film affords a superior performance among the various TiO_(2) materials and can be a promising anode material for fast-charging Li-ion ***,the TiO_(2)/CNT film exhibits an areal capacity of up to 2.4 mAh·cm^(−2),confirming the possibility of its practical use.

关键词： carbon nanotubes free-standing high rate Li-ion batteries TiO_(2) ultra-small

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Mass transfer mechanisms in fixed-bed adsorption of erythromycin

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2008年第4期2卷 353-360页

作者： Ying SUN jiawen zhu Kui CHEN Sheng zhu Jie XU Chemical Engineering Research Centre East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

The equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of the adsorption of erythromycin to Sepabeads SP825 were *** equilibrium data in a batch system was well described by a Langmuir *** separation performance was investigated in a fixed-bed system with respect to the adsorption superficial velocity,ionic strength and pH.A mathematical model was used to simulate the mass transfer mechanism,taking film mass transfer,pore diffusion and axial dispersion into *** model predictions were consistent with the experi-mental data and were consequently used to determine the mass transfer coefficients.

关键词： fixed-bed adsorption superficial velocity ionic strength erythromycin However investigations on the parameters governing the performance of this technology are still scarce.In the present work a polymeric and porous resin Sepabeads SP825 resin was used for its higher adsorption efficiency compared with the resins reported.The equilib-rium capacity of Sepabeads SP825 for EM in a batch system was established using a Langmuir isotherm.The effects of superficial velocity ionic strength and pH on the adsorption process were determined from the results of fixed bed experiments.And a model of the purification process was used to simulate the mass transfer mechanism which has taken film mass transfer pore diffusion and axial dispersion into account.The experimental adsorp-tion measurements were compared to the results calcu-lated from the model.The completion of these studies provide some essential parameters which are required in order to design a successful purification process and better understand the fundamentals of these process.

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Changes in Global Vegetation Distribution and Carbon Fluxes in Response to Global Warming:Simulated Results from IAP-DGVM in CAS-ESM2

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第8期39卷 1285-1298,I0002-I0010页

作者： Xiaofei GAO jiawen zhu Xiaodong ZENG Minghua ZHANG Yongjiu DAI Duoying JI He ZHANG International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook UniversityNY 11790USA School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Terrestrial ecosystems are an important part of Earth systems,and they are undergoing remarkable changes in response to global *** study investigates the response of the terrestrial vegetation distribution and carbon fluxes to global warming by using the new dynamic global vegetation model in the second version of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Earth System Model(CAS-ESM2).We conducted two sets of simulations,a present-day simulation and a future simulation,which were forced by the present-day climate during 1981-2000 and the future climate during 2081-2100,respectively,as derived from RCP8.5 outputs in ***_(2)concentration is kept constant in all simulations to isolate CO_(2)-fertilization *** results show an overall increase in vegetation coverage in response to global warming,which is the net result of the greening in the mid-high latitudes and the browning in the *** results also show an enhancement in carbon fluxes in response to global warming,including gross primary productivity,net primary productivity,and autotrophic *** found that the changes in vegetation coverage were significantly correlated with changes in surface air temperature,reflecting the dominant role of temperature,while the changes in carbon fluxes were caused by the combined effects of leaf area index,temperature,and *** study applies the CAS-ESM2 to investigate the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate *** though the interpretation of the results is limited by isolating CO_(2)-fertilization effects,this application is still beneficial for adding to our understanding of vegetation processes and to further improve upon model parameterizations.

关键词： global warming vegetation distribution carbon flux leaf area index surface air temperature

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CAS-ESM2.0 Successfully Reproduces Historical Atmospheric CO_(2) in a Coupled Carbon−Climate Simulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 572-580页

作者： jiawen zhu Juanxiong HE Duoying JI Yangchun LI He ZHANG Minghua ZHANG Xiaodong ZENG Kece FEI Jiangbo JIN International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook UniversityNY 11790USA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration has been increasing rapidly since the Industrial Revolution,which has led to unequivocal global warming and crucial environmental *** is extremely important to investigate the interactions among atmospheric CO_(2),the physical climate system,and the carbon cycle of the underlying surface for a better understanding of the Earth *** system models are widely used to investigate these interactions via coupled carbon-climate *** Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model version 2(CAS-ESM2.0)has successfully fixed a two-way coupling of atmospheric CO_(2)with the climate and carbon cycle on land and in the *** CAS-ESM2.0,we conducted a coupled carbon-climate simulation by following the CMIP6 proposal of a historical emissions-driven *** paper examines the modeled CO_(2)by comparison with observed CO_(2)at the sites of Mauna Loa and Barrow,and the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite(GOSAT)CO_(2)*** results showed that CAS-ESM2.0 agrees very well with observations in reproducing the increasing trend of annual CO_(2)during the period 1850-2014,and in capturing the seasonal cycle of CO_(2)at the two baseline sites,as well as over northern high *** agreements illustrate a good ability of CAS-ESM2.0 in simulating carbon-climate interactions,even though uncertainties remain in the processes *** paper reports an important stage of the development of CAS-ESM with the coupling of carbon and climate,which will provide significant scientific support for climate research and China’s goal of carbon neutrality.

关键词： CAS-ESM atmospheric CO_(2) coupled carbon-climate simulation emissions-driven CMIP6 experiment

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Evaluation of the New Dynamic Global Vegetation Model in CAS-ESM

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第6期35卷 659-670页

作者： jiawen zhu Xiaodong ZENG Minghua ZHANG Yongjiu DAI Duoying JI Fang LI Qian ZHANG He ZHANG Xiang SONG International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University

In the past several decades, dynamic global vegetation models（DGVMs） have been the most widely used and appropriate tool at the global scale to investigate vegetation-climate interactions. At the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, a new version of DGVM（IAP-DGVM） has been developed and coupled to the Common Land Model（CoLM） within the framework of the Chinese Academy of Sciences＇ Earth System Model（CAS-ESM）. This work reports the performance of IAP-DGVM through comparisons with that of the default DGVM of CoLM（CoLM-DGVM） and observations. With respect to CoLMDGVM, IAP-DGVM simulated fewer tropical trees, more ＂needleleaf evergreen boreal tree＂ and ＂broadleaf deciduous boreal shrub＂, and a better representation of grasses. These contributed to a more realistic vegetation distribution in IAP-DGVM,including spatial patterns, total areas, and compositions. Moreover, IAP-DGVM also produced more accurate carbon fluxes than CoLM-DGVM when compared with observational estimates. Gross primary productivity and net primary production in IAP-DGVM were in better agreement with observations than those of CoLM-DGVM, and the tropical pattern of fire carbon emissions in IAP-DGVM was much more consistent with the observation than that in CoLM-DGVM. The leaf area index simulated by IAP-DGVM was closer to the observation than that of CoLM-DGVM; however, both simulated values about twice as large as in the observation. This evaluation provides valuable information for the application of CAS-ESM, as well as for other model communities in terms of a comparative benchmark.

关键词： vegetation dynamics dynamic global vegetation model vegetation distribution carbon flux leaf area index

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Regulating Li transport in Li-magnesium alloy for dendrite free Li metal anode

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Nano Research 2023年第6期16卷 8338-8344页

作者： Jinxi Wang Yadong Ye Hongmin Zhou Wei Zhang Zhaowei Sun jiawen zhu Hongchang Jin Huanyu Xie Haoliang Huang Yi Cui Rong Huang Zezhong Li Song Jin Hengxing Ji Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Applied ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation(NANO-X) Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics(SINANO)Suzhou 215123China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Li metal has become a strong candidate for anode due to its high theoretical specific capacity and lowest electrochemical ***,the poor reversibility caused by continuous chemical and electrochemical degradation hinders the practical application of Li ***-solution-based metal alloy phases have been proposed as hosts for regulating the non-dendrite electrodeposition,but the fundamental understanding remains unclear due to the drastically different deposition behaviors of Li on *** we found the difference in the diffusion coefficient of Li atoms on solid-solution-based metal alloy phases(Li-Mg and Li-Ag alloys)was a major contributor to the different deposition *** low Li atom diffusion coefficient of Li-Mg alloy showed a preferential Li accumulation on the upper surface rather than the inward-growth plating of Li atoms into alloy foil in Li-Ag *** the process of secondary recrystallization,we improved the diffusion coefficient of Li atoms in Li-Mg alloy that facilitates the inward transfer rather than surface plating of Li *** this case,the recrystallized Li-Mg alloy underwent a solidsolution phase change in the delithiation-lithiation cycles which yielded a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.3%with a reversible gravimetric capacity of 2,874 mAh·g−1 and superior cycling stability over 5,000 h without dendrite growth.

关键词： Li-Mg alloy solid solution recrystallization lithium metal anode diffusion coefficient

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