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Towards sustainable adversarial training with successive perturbation generation

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第4期25卷 527-539页

作者： Wei lin Lichuan liao College of Computer Science and Mathematics Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou 350118China College of Economics and Management Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou 350118China

Adversarial training with online-generated adversarial examples has achieved promising performance in defending adversarial attacks and improving robustness of convolutional neural network ***,most existing adversarial training methods are dedicated to finding strong adversarial examples for forcing the model to learn the adversarial data distribution,which inevitably imposes a large computational overhead and results in a decrease in the generalization performance on clean *** this paper,we show that progressively enhancing the adversarial strength of adversarial examples across training epochs can effectively improve the model robustness,and appropriate model shifting can preserve the generalization performance of models in conjunction with negligible computational *** this end,we propose a successive perturbation generation scheme for adversarial training(SPGAT),which progressively strengthens the adversarial examples by adding the perturbations on adversarial examples transferred from the previous epoch and shifts models across the epochs to improve the efficiency of adversarial *** proposed SPGAT is both efficient and effective;e.g.,the computation time of our method is 900 min as against the 4100 min duration observed in the case of standard adversarial training,and the performance boost is more than 7%and 3%in terms of adversarial accuracy and clean accuracy,*** extensively evaluate the SPGAT on various datasets,including small-scale MNIST,middle-scale CIFAR-10,and large-scale *** experimental results show that our method is more efficient while performing favorably against state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Adversarial training Adversarial attack Stochastic weight average Machine learning Model generalization

Ferrihydrite transformation impacted by coprecipitation of lignin:Inhibition or facilitation?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 23-33页

作者： lin Liu Zhihui Yang Weichun Yang Wen jiang Qi liao Mengying Si Feiping Zhao School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control&Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution(CNERC-CTHMP) Changsha 410083China

Lignin is a common soil organic matter that is present in soils,but its effect on the transformation of ferrihydrite(Fh)remains *** matter is generally assumed to inhibit Fh ***,lignin can reduce Fh to Fe(Ⅱ),in which Fe(Ⅱ)-catalyzed Fh transformation ***,the effects of lignin on Fh transformation were investigated at 75℃ as a function of the lignin/Fh mass ratio(0-0.2),pH(4-8)and aging time(0-96 hr).The results of Fh-lignin samples(mass ratios=0.1)aged at different pH values showed that for Fh-lignin the time of Fh transformation into secondary crystalline minerals was significantly shortened at pH 6 when compared with pure Fh,and the Fe(Ⅱ)-accelerated transformation of Fh was strongly dependent on *** pH 6,at low lignin/Fh mass ratios(0.05-0.1),the time of secondary mineral formation decreased with increasing lignin *** high lignosulfonate-content material(lignin:Fh=0.2),Fh did not transform into secondary minerals,indicating that lignin content plays a major role in Fh *** addition,lignin affected the pathway of Fh transformation by inhibiting goethite formation and facilitating hematite *** effect of coprecipitation of lignin on Fh transformation should be useful in understanding the complex iron and carbon cycles in a soil environment.

关键词： Ferrihydrite transformation Lignin Hematite Goethite Fe(Ⅱ)-catalyzed Reactive Fe(Ⅲ)species

Identification for Heat Tolerance in Backcross Recombinant lines and Screening of Backcross Introgression lines with Heat Tolerance at Milky Stage in Rice

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Rice science 2011年第4期18卷 279-286页

作者： jiang-lin liao Hong-yu ZHANG Xue-lian SHAO Ping-an ZHONG Ying-jin HUANG Key Laboratory of Crop Physiological Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang 330045 China

The present study aimed at breeding new rice germplasms with similar genome but significantly differed in heat tolerance during the grain filling stage.A total of 791 BC1F8 backcross recombinant lines,derived from the cross of Xieqingzao B /N22 //Xieqingzao B,were used as *** rice line was separated evenly into two groups,and the heat tolerance of all rice lines were evaluated at natural high temperature in *** rice lines with heat tolerant index higher than 90% or lower than 40% were selected to compare the phenotypic characters and further identify heat tolerance at the early milky stage in a *** lines with similar phenotypic characters but significantly differed in heat tolerance at the milky stage were analyzed by 887 simple sequence repeat markers that were evenly distributed on the 12 rice *** the result,12(6 pairs) rice lines with similar phenotypic characters but significantly differed in heat tolerance at the milky stage were *** marker analysis indicated that the genomic polymorphism between 703T and 704S was the smallest in the 6 pairs of rice lines,with only 16 polymorphic sites,including 22 different *** application of these two backcross introgression rice lines for future study on the mechanisms of heat tolerance in rice at the milky stage will be theoretically beneficial in reducing the interference caused by genetic differences from experimental materials.

关键词： rice heat tolerance milky stage backcross recombinant line backcross introgression line

Positive definiteness of real quadratic forms resulting from the variable-step L1-type approximations of convolution operators

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第2期67卷 237-252页

作者： Hong-lin liao Tao Tang Tao Zhou School of Mathematics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China Division of Science and Technology BNU-HKBU United International CollegeZhuhai 519087China SUSTech International Center for Mathematics Shenzhen 518055China NCMIS&LSEC Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering ComputingAcademy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The positive definiteness of real quadratic forms with convolution structures plays an important rolein stability analysis for time-stepping schemes for nonlocal operators. In this work, we present a novel analysistool to handle discrete convolution kernels resulting from variable-step approximations for convolution *** precisely, for a class of discrete convolution kernels relevant to variable-step L1-type time discretizations, weshow that the associated quadratic form is positive definite under some easy-to-check algebraic conditions. Ourproof is based on an elementary constructing strategy by using the properties of discrete orthogonal convolutionkernels and discrete complementary convolution kernels. To our knowledge, this is the first general result onsimple algebraic conditions for the positive definiteness of variable-step discrete convolution kernels. Using theunified theory, we obtain the stability for some simple nonuniform time-stepping schemes straightforwardly.

关键词： discrete convolution kernels positive definiteness variable time-stepping orthogonal convolution kernels complementary convolution kernels

HTDcr:a job execution framework for high-throughput computing on supercomputers

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 69-85页

作者： Jiazhi jiang Dan HUANG Hu CHEN Yutong LU Xiangke liao School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Engineering South China University of Technology

High-throughput computing(HTC) is a computing paradigm that aims to accomplish jobs by easily breaking them into smaller,independent ***,it requires a large amount of computing power for a long *** existing HTC frameworks are job-oriented without support for coscheduling with hardware architecture and task-level ***,most of the frameworks reach a limited scale,and their usability needs further ***,we present HTDcr,a job execution framework for the HTC on *** study aims to improve the throughput,task dispatching,and usability of the *** detail,the throughput optimizations include a sophisticated designed task management system,a hierarchical scheduler,and the co-optimization of the task-scheduling strategy with the application and hardware *** optimizations for usability include a programable execution workflow,mechanisms for more robust and reliable service qualities,and a fine-grained resource allocation system for the colocation of multiple *** to our evaluations,HTDcr can achieve outstanding scalability and high throughput on large-scale clusters for the HTC *** evaluate HTDcr with several microbenchmarks and real-world applications on Tianhe-2 and Sunway TaihuLight to demonstrate its effects on existing design *** instance,the task scheduling for two real-world applications integrated with the application and hardware characteristics achieves 1.7× and 1.9× speedups over the basic task-scheduling strategy.

关键词： high-throughput computing supercomputer task scheduling middleware password guessing

Field Study of HPTRM Combined with Vegetation and Anchor to Protect Newly Excavated Expansive Soil Slope

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1277-1288页

作者： Yingzi Xu Xuhang liao linqiang Tang lin Li College of Civil&Architectural Engineering Guangxi UniversityNanning530004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety Nanning530004China Guangxi Transport Vocational and Technical College Nanning530004China Department of Civil&Architectural Engineering Tennessee State UniversityTennessee37209NashvilleUSA

Anchor reinforced vegetation system(ARVS)comprises high performance turf reinforcement mats(HPTRM),vegetation and *** is a new attempt to apply the system in expansive soil slope *** goal of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of ARVS in protecting newly excavated expansive soil *** field tests on the bare slope,grassed slope and ARVS protective slope were carried out,including natural and artificial *** the test,the soil water content,soil deformation,and anchor axial force were monitored,and then the slope protection mechanism of ARVS was *** was found that ARVS can effectively protect expansive soil slopes compared with bare slopes and grassed *** vegetation and HPTRM form a reinforced turf,and the anchors fix it to the slope surface,thus restraining the expansion *** axial force on the anchor of ARVS includes frictional resistance and tensile force transmitted by HPTRM,which is maximum at the early stage of *** neutral point of the anchor of ARVS moves deeper under atmospheric action,but the vegetation and HPTRM on the slope surface can limit this movement.

关键词： expansive soil slope anchor reinforced vegetation system high performance turf reinforcement mats field test slope protection

Genetic dissection and validation of a major QTL for grain weight on chromosome 3B in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 77-92页

作者： Simin liao Zhibin Xu Xiaoli Fan Qiang Zhou Xiaofeng Liu Cheng jiang Liangen Chen Dian lin Bo Feng Tao Wang Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Grain weight is one of the key components of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)*** manipulation of grain weight is an efficient approach for improving yield potential in breeding programs.A recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from a cross between W7268 and Chuanyu 12(CY12)was employed to detect quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for thousand-grain weight(TGW),grain length(GL),grain width(GW),and the ratio of grain length to width(GLW)in six *** major QTLs,***-2D,***-2D,***-3B,***-4B.1,***-2D.1,***-2D.1 and ***-3B.1,were consistently identified in at least four environments and the best linear unbiased estimation(BLUE)datasets,and they explained 2.61 to 34.85%of the phenotypic *** interactions were detected between the two major TGW QTLs and three major GW *** addition,***-3B.1 and ***-3B were co-located,and the improved TGW at this locus was contributed by *** other loci,***-3B.1/***-3B had no effect on grain number per spike(GNS).They were further validated in advanced lines using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)markers,and a comparison analysis indicated that ***-3B.1/***-3B is likely a novel *** haplotypes were identified in the region of this QTL and their distribution frequencies varied between the landraces and *** to gene annotation,spatial expression patterns,ortholog analysis and sequence variation,the candidate gene of ***-3B.1/***-3B was ***,the major QTLs and KASP markers reported here provide valuable information for elucidating the genetic architecture of grain weight and for molecular marker-assisted breeding in grain yield improvement.

关键词： thousand-grain weight QTL mapping haplotype analysis candidate gene

Chemical defense mediates population density-driven on anuran brain size evolution

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1076-1078页

作者： Ying jiang Lianju Yuan Wenbo liao Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education) China West Normal UniversityNanchong 637009China Key Laboratory of Artificial Propagation and Utilization in Anurans of Nanchong City China West Normal UniversityNanchong 637009China

Dear Editor,The evolutionary arms race between predator and prey is a strong selective force for producing a wide array of defense strategies in animals,including strong limbs,body armor,poisonousness,mimicry,or cryps... 详细信息

关键词： evolution size media

Experimental Study on the Molten Salt at Micron Scale during the Melting Process

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 70-85页

作者： TIAN Ziqian liao Zhirong XU Chao FANG Yongzhe jiang Kaijun YUAN Mengdi Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Energy Power and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

The investigation of the melting behaviors of the molten salt at micron scale during the melting process is critical for explaining the solid-liquid phase transition *** this paper,a novel experimental system and analysis method were proposed to study the melting process with three heating rates in the range of1-10℃/min of the solar salt at micron *** solid-liquid boundary morphology and phase transition kinetics of molten salt particles were focused ***,the correlations between liquid fraction,temperature and time under different heating rates were *** solid-liquid boundary morphology was depicted by the visualized experimental set-up,and the instantaneous liquid volume fraction during the non-isothermal phase transition was ***,the correlation between temperature and liquid volume fraction was proposed to reveal the evolution of the solid-liquid boundary with temperature at different heating ***,the non-isothermal phase transition kinetic equation was established by introducing a constant parameter(V_(a,b)),and more kinetic parameters such as 1g V_(a,b) and-lg V_(a,b)/b were *** results showed that the exponent b is not sensitive to the heating rate with a range of 3-5 for solar salt ***,the heating rate influences the value of V_(a,b) and presents a positive ***,the non-isothermal phase transition kinetic equations at different heating rates in the range of 1-10℃/min can be quickly predicted by the proposed improved experimental test *** study could fill the research insufficiency and provide significant guidance for future research on the solid-liquid transition mechanism of molten salts at micron scale.

关键词： molten salt non-isothermal phase transition solid-liquid boundary morphology liquid volume fraction micron scale melting process