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Organic mulching promotes soil organic carbon accumulation to deep soil layer in an urban plantation forest

Forest Ecosystems 2021年第1期8卷 11-21页

作者： Xiaodan Sun Gang Wang Qingxu Ma jiahui liao Dong Wang Qingwei Guan Davey L.Jones College of Biology and Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Co-Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing 210037China School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwynedd LL572UWUK College of Environmental Science and Engineering China West Normal UniversityNanchong 637000China UWA School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

Background:Soil organic carbon(SOC)is important for soil quality and fertility in forest *** SOC fractions are sensitive to environmental changes,which reflect the impact of short-term internal and external management measures on the soil carbon *** mulching(OM)alters the soil environment and promotes plant ***,little is known about the responses of SOC fractions in rhizosphere or bulk soil to OM in urban forests and its correlation with carbon composition in ***:A one-year field experiment with four treatments(OM at 0,5,10,and 20 cm thicknesses)was conducted in a 15-year-old Ligustrum lucidum *** in the SOC fractions in the rhizosphere and bulk soil;the carbon content in the plant fine roots,leaves,and organic mulch;and several soil physicochemical properties were *** relationships between SOC fractions and the measured variables were ***:The OM treatments had no significant effect on the SOC fractions,except for the dissolved organic carbon(DOC).OM promoted the movement of SOC to deeper soil because of the increased carbon content in fine roots of *** were significant correlations between DOC and microbial biomass carbon and SOC and easily oxidised organic *** OM had a greater effect on organic carbon fractions in the bulk soil than in the *** thinnest(5 cm)mulching layers showed the most rapid carbon decomposition over *** time after OM had the greatest effect on the SOC fractions,followed by soil ***:The frequent addition of small amounts of organic mulch increased SOC accumulation in the present *** is a potential management model to enhance soil organic matter storage for maintaining urban forest productivity.

关键词： Soil organic carbon Labile organic carbon fractions Rhizosphere Urban plantation forest Organic mulching

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Upgrading waste NO_(x) into amino acids via electrocatalysis on Co nanoparticles encapsulated in hollow carbon nanofibers

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 1946-1952页

作者： jiahui Xian Kaixing Cai Peisen liao Shihan Wang Guangqin Li Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education LIFMIGCMESchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China

Electrocatalytic conversion of waste nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))into value-added nitrogenous chemicals,especially amino acid,is an emerging strategy to alleviate NO_(x)***,this process suffers from the coexistence of multiple competitive reactions leading to complex product distribution and low efficiency,and thus the rational design and modulation of efficient catalysts remains a formidable ***,well-designed Co nanoparticles encapsulated in hollow carbon nanofiber(CoHCNF)were constructed to promote the amino acid electrosynthesis via dealing waste NO_(x)coupling with biomass-derived keto *** to the rapid reactant diffusion,electron transport and efficient contact with abundant accessible Co catalytic sites stemmed from the unique hollow nanotubular structure,Co-HCNF manifested impressive glycine synthesis performance in one-pot adopting NO as the nitrogen source with Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 41.7%and a corresponding yield rate of 222.3μmol h^(-1)as well as 120 h robust ***,it also demonstrates an excellent performance with the FE of 42.8%for NO_(3)~-solution as the nitrogen ***,this strategy displays a broad universality for the synthesis of other amino *** work not only highlights the importance of hollow-structuring electrocatalyst towards upgrading wasted NO_(x)species into amino acids,but also promotes the further development of electrosynthetic systems for high-valued N-containing organic chemicals.

关键词： electrocatalysis NO_(x)reduction amino acid porous materials hollow structure

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A Curriculum Cluster Teaching Model of Software Engineering from the Metaverse Perspective

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计算机教育 2022年第12期 143-151页

作者： Rui Ding Rao Ma jiahui liao Xiaodong Wang School of Computer and Information Technology Mudanjiang Normal UniversityMudanjiang157011China

To solve the teaching difficulties,including hard cultivating engineering thinking,a reasonable transition of professional training,and deep cooperation of students,which impeded the cultivation effectiveness of students’ability to solve complex engineering problems,the paper proposed a Zongheng group teaching model of curriculum cluster based on ***,from the perspective of Metaverse,and considering the professional,current teaching situation and learning situation,we analyzed the professional background and proposed the Zongheng group teaching model of curriculum ***,the connotation,teaching construction and implementation details are *** that,we summarized the teaching effect about the 2 years of exploration and practice in the major of software engineering at College of Computer and Information Technology in Mudanjiang Normal University,to clarify the effect of teaching reform.2 years of teaching practice shows that making full use of the advantages of curriculum cluster,Zongheng group and the project-based teaching method,the long-range training,in-depth student cooperation,and the students’ability of solving complex engineering problems are improved.

关键词： Metaverse Engineering education professional certification Complex engineering problems Curriculum cluster construction Modern education technology

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Flexible nanoimprint lithography enables high-throughput manufacturing of bioinspired microstructures on warped substrates for efficient III-nitride optoelectronic devices

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2080-2088页

作者： Siyuan Cui Ke Sun Zhefu liao Qianxi Zhou Leonard Jin Conglong Jin jiahui Hu Kuo-Sheng Wen Sheng Liu Shengjun Zhou Center for Photonics and Semiconductors School of Power and Mechanical EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China The Institute of Technological Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo ONN2L 3G1Canada Jiangxi SMTC Semiconductor Co. Ltd.Nanchang 330096China

III-nitride materials are of great importance in the development of modern optoelectronics,but they have been limited over years by low light utilization rate and high dislocation densities in heteroepitaxial films grown on foreign substrate with limited refractive index contrast and large lattice ***,we demonstrate a paradigm of high-throughput manufacturing bioinspired microstructures on warped substrates by flexible nanoimprint lithography for promoting the light extraction *** design a flexible nanoimprinting mold of copolymer and a two-step etching process that enable high-efficiency fabrication of nanoimprinted compound-eye-like Al2O3 microstructure(NCAM)and nanoimprinted compound-eye-like SiO_(2)microstructure(NCSM)template,achieving a 6.4-fold increase in throughput and 25%savings in economic costs over stepper projection *** to NCAM template,we find that the NCSM template can not only improve the light extraction capability,but also modulate the morphology of AlN nucleation layer and reduce the formation of misoriented GaN grains on the inclined sidewall of microstructures,which suppresses the dislocations generated during coalescence,resulting in 40%reduction in dislocation *** study provides a low-cost,high-quality,and high-throughput solution for manufacturing microstructures on warped surfaces of III-nitride optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Flexible nanoimprint lithography Bioinspired Micro-and nano-manufacturing III-nitride epitaxy Optoelectronic devices

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水稻叶片喷施阻镉剂对产量和镉吸收的影响

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中国稻米 2024年第5期30卷 72-75,83页

作者：廖嘉晖潘宁陆楚盛赖怀孟祥亮蔡昊炀王俊江王昕钰尹媛红叶群欢程雄傅友强广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种重点实验室(部省共建)/广东省水稻工程实验室广州510640 东莞本色生物科技有限公司广州523588 华南农业大学广州510642

镉(Cd)是一种危害粮食安全的重金属元素。为了降低水稻籽粒Cd含量,阻止水稻吸收和转运Cd具有重要意义。本文以华南地区种植面积最大的优质籼稻品种美香占2号为试验材料,设置健康土壤+清水喷施(T1)、镉污染土壤+清水喷施(T2)、镉污染土壤... 详细信息

镉(Cd)是一种危害粮食安全的重金属元素。为了降低水稻籽粒Cd含量,阻止水稻吸收和转运Cd具有重要意义。本文以华南地区种植面积最大的优质籼稻品种美香占2号为试验材料,设置健康土壤+清水喷施(T1)、镉污染土壤+清水喷施(T2)、镉污染土壤+喷施低浓度(800倍液)阻镉剂(T3)、镉污染土壤+喷施高浓度(300倍液)阻镉剂(T4)共4个处理,探讨喷施不同浓度阻镉剂对水稻产量、光合作用和Cd吸收的影响。结果表明,喷施阻镉剂能够显著增加水稻籽粒质量和生物量,与T2处理相比,T3和T4处理的籽粒质量分别增加81.70%和48.57%,生物量分别增加53.14%和24.32%。与T2处理相比,T3处理的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度和蒸腾速率分别增加9.72%、42.76%、7.30%和17.05%,但T4处理稍有减少,差异不显著。T3处理各部位的Cd吸收量与T2处理相比均无显著差异,其中实粒Cd含量降低33.11%,但籽粒Cd在总Cd吸收量中的占比显著降低31.77%。表明水稻叶面喷施适量阻隔剂能促进光合作用,增加生物量,减少Cd向籽粒转运,增加产量,其中以叶面喷施低浓度阻隔剂(800倍液)效果更好。

关键词：水稻叶面阻镉剂光合作用重金属镉

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不同灌溉用水量对水稻产量和水分利用效率的影响

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中国稻米 2024年第5期30卷 103-106页

作者：蔡昊炀韩孟红陈俊霖陆楚盛王俊江廖嘉晖陆展华梁开明尹媛红叶群欢傅友强程雄华南农业大学广州510642 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种重点实验室(部省共建)/广东省水稻工程实验室广州510640 广州市农业农村科学院广州510470

节水灌溉是提高水分利用效率和水稻高效生产的重要措施。以华南地区种植面积较广的水稻品种粤禾丝苗为材料,盆栽试验比较了4种不同灌溉用水量处理对水稻产量、生物量和水分籽粒生产效率的影响。结果表明,随着灌溉用水量的减少,水稻每穗... 详细信息

节水灌溉是提高水分利用效率和水稻高效生产的重要措施。以华南地区种植面积较广的水稻品种粤禾丝苗为材料,盆栽试验比较了4种不同灌溉用水量处理对水稻产量、生物量和水分籽粒生产效率的影响。结果表明,随着灌溉用水量的减少,水稻每穗粒数逐渐下降,结实率逐渐增加,而水稻产量先增加后减少。与CK(长期淹水灌溉,水量38.6 L/盆)相比,T2处理(长期淹水灌溉用水量的88.6%)的水稻产量增加14.55%,T4处理(长期淹水灌溉用水量的36.8%)的水稻产量减少45.28%,但T3处理(长期淹水灌溉用水量的62.4%)无明显差异,表明减少37.6%的灌溉用水量不影响水稻产量。与CK相比,T4处理的生物量显著减少50.84%,T2和T3处理无显著差异。4个处理中T3处理的水分籽粒生产效率最高,比CK显著增加62.38%。综上所述,在本试验条件下,T3处理(减少37.6%的灌溉用水量)水稻不减产,水分籽粒生产效率最高。

关键词：水稻节水灌溉产量水分籽粒生产效率

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山区公路边坡工程智能分析与设计研究进展

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湖南大学学报（自然科学版） 2022年第7期49卷 15-31页

作者：陈昌富李伟张嘉睿廖佳卉吕晓玺建筑安全与节能教育部重点实验室(湖南大学) 湖南长沙410082 湖南大学土木工程学院湖南长沙410082

随着我国高速公路建设不断向中西部山区延伸,形成了大量高陡边坡,打破了原有山体的地质和生态平衡,极易诱发滑坡、坍塌、泥石流等地质灾害,严重威胁人民的生命和财产安全.因此,山区高陡边坡的稳定性分析、设计、处治、监测等问题一直是... 详细信息

随着我国高速公路建设不断向中西部山区延伸,形成了大量高陡边坡,打破了原有山体的地质和生态平衡,极易诱发滑坡、坍塌、泥石流等地质灾害,严重威胁人民的生命和财产安全.因此,山区高陡边坡的稳定性分析、设计、处治、监测等问题一直是岩土工程中研究的热点和难点.由于岩土高陡边坡具有高不确定性、强非线性和动态演化的特征,基于经典理论的分析和计算方法对上述问题进行研究难以获得合理的解答,而人工智能技术方法具有处理非线性复杂系统的独特优势,现已成为解决公路边坡工程问题的有效手段.本文总结了最近10余年山区公路边坡工程中边坡稳定性智能分析计算与评价方法、边坡防护与加固智能设计计算方法、边坡智能监测技术、滑坡智能识别和预测、岩质边坡结构面智能识别以及岩土体参数智能反演等方面的主要研究进展,并简要说明了在山区公路边坡稳定性分析与加固设计、现场监测和滑坡预测等方面推进智能化建设的进一步发展方向.

关键词：边坡人工智能智能算法机器学习深度学习神经网络稳定性边坡防护与加固边坡监测与预测

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结合连续小波变换与生成对抗网络的癫痫发作预测

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中国生物医学工程学报 2023年第2期42卷 168-179页

作者：廖家慧杨丰詹长安张利云南方医科大学生物医学工程学院广州510515

目前半监督深度学习模型已成功用于脑电信号(EEG)的癫痫发作预测,但该模型在EEG预处理方式与半监督模型稳定性等方面还有提升空间。本研究提出一种结合连续小波变换(CWT)与基于梯度惩罚的Wasserstein生成对抗网络(WGAN-GP)的改进方法(CW... 详细信息

目前半监督深度学习模型已成功用于脑电信号(EEG)的癫痫发作预测,但该模型在EEG预处理方式与半监督模型稳定性等方面还有提升空间。本研究提出一种结合连续小波变换(CWT)与基于梯度惩罚的Wasserstein生成对抗网络(WGAN-GP)的改进方法(CWT-WGAN-GP)。首先对未标记的EEG信号进行CWT获得时频图,并结合特定患者的EEG数据集训练WGAN-GP模型,生成高性能的特征提取器;其次,以经过训练的WGAN-GP的判别器为特征提取器、两个全连接网络层为分类器(预测器),用少量有标记的EEG信号CWT时频图完成分类模型训练;最后,WGAN-GP的判别器与稳定的全连接网络组成半监督深度学习预测模型,用于癫痫发作预测。用CHBMIT头皮脑电数据集中所筛选的13例患者数据,评估改进的半监督癫痫发作预测模型,并与现有半监督方法相比。该方法在灵敏度、特异性、准确率和AUC指标上分别达到82.69%,67.48%,82.08%和84.03%,将原有的性能指标分别提升14.48%,34.45%,7.87%和11.4%;CWT-WGAN-GP的预测性能与现有方法的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CWT与WGAN-GP模型相结合能有效地改善半监督深度学习模型预测性能,在癫痫发作预测中发挥无监督特征提取的优化作用。

关键词：癫痫发作预测头皮脑电信号深度学习连续小波变换基于梯度策略的Wasserstein生成对抗网络

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Two sex pheromone receptors for sexual communication in the American cockroach

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1455-1467页

作者： Na Li Renke Dong Huanchao Zeng Yan Zhang Run Huang Wei Liu Fengming Cao Jincong Yu Mingtao liao Jingyou Chen Wenlei Zhang Zejian Huang jiahui Wang Li Li Shen Zhu Danyan Huang Zining Li Xiaoshuai Zhang Dongwei Yuan Nan Chen Yongliang Fan Guirong Wang Coby Schal Yufeng Pan Sheng Li Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology Institute of Insect Science and TechnologySchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China Guangmeiyuan R&D Center Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied TechnologySouth China Normal UniversityMeizhou 514589China Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh 27695USA The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease School of Life Science and TechnologySoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China

Volatile sex pheromones are vital for sexual communication between males and *** of the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana,produce and emit two sex pheromone components,periplanone-A(PA)and periplanone-B(PB).Although PB is the major sex attractant and can attract males,how it interacts with PA in regulating sexual behaviors is still *** this study,we found that in male cockroaches,PA counteracted PB *** identified two odorant receptors(ORs),OR53 and OR100,as PB/PA and PA receptors,***53 and OR100 were predominantly expressed in the antennae of sexually mature males,and their expression levels were regulated by the sex differentiation pathway and nutrition-responsive *** localization of OR53 and OR100 in male antennae further revealed that two types of sensilla coordinate a complex two-pheromone-two-receptor pathway in regulating cockroach sexual *** findings indicate distinct functions of the two sex pheromone components,identify their receptors and possible regulatory mechanisms underlying the male-specific and age-dependent sexual behaviors,and can guide novel strategies for pest management.

关键词： sex pheromone odorant receptor sexual attraction sex differentiation cockroach

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蚯蚓对土壤微生物残留物的影响研究评述与展望

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生态学报 2023年第13期43卷 5260-5269页

作者：廖家辉李媛媛倪娟平任婷婷阮宏华南京林业大学生态学系南方林业协同创新中心南京210037 南京晓庄学院食品科学学院南京211171

蚯蚓如何影响土壤有机碳的固持是土壤生态学的关键科学问题之一。蚯蚓能同时促进土壤有机碳分解和稳定,这种两面作用带来的不确定性被研究者称为“蚯蚓困境”。研究证据和新兴的“土壤微生物碳泵”概念模型表明土壤微生物残留物是土壤... 详细信息

蚯蚓如何影响土壤有机碳的固持是土壤生态学的关键科学问题之一。蚯蚓能同时促进土壤有机碳分解和稳定,这种两面作用带来的不确定性被研究者称为“蚯蚓困境”。研究证据和新兴的“土壤微生物碳泵”概念模型表明土壤微生物残留物是土壤有机质的主要贡献者。为系统了解蚯蚓对土壤微生物残留物的影响与可能的机制,研究分析和总结了已有的国内外蚯蚓与微生物残留物(氨基糖)的相关研究成果,表明:(1)过往的研究忽略了蚯蚓对微生物残留物的影响,导致这一方向的研究严重滞后;(2)蚯蚓对土壤微生物残留物影响的方向和大小仍有很大的不确定性,可供量化分析其驱动机制的研究还很缺乏。研究尝试将蚯蚓整合到“土壤微生物碳泵”概念框架中,分析蚯蚓影响土壤微生物残留物3个方面的可能机制,即:(1)改变土壤微生物量、群落结构,(2)改变微生物生理特性,(3)改变土壤团聚体结构等,影响土壤有机碳的积累。同时,本文提出了未来相关研究的6个重点方向,包括:(1)蚯蚓对微生物的选择性取食,(2)肠道介导的微生物“涨落”现象,(3)蚯蚓对矿质结合有机物的“破坏”与“重组”,(4)蚯蚓引起的“激发”和“续埋”效应,(5)多生态型相互作用,(6)全球变化背景下的蚯蚓生态学等,以期为进一步揭示蚯蚓—微生物相互作用影响土壤有机碳累积与稳定性的机制提供参考。

关键词：微生物坏死物蚯蚓困境土壤动物氨基糖土壤微生物碳泵土壤有机碳

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