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Mitophagy in acute central nervous system injuries:regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potentials

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2437-2453页

作者： Siyi Xu Junqiu jia Rui Mao Xiang cao Yun Xu Department of Neurology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Jiangsu UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Nanjing Neurology Medical Center NanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina

Acute central nervous system injuries,including ischemic stro ke,intracerebral hemorrhage,subarachnoid hemorrhage,traumatic brain injury,and spinal co rd injury,are a major global health *** optimal therapies and improving the long-term neurological functions of patients with acute central nervous system injuries are urgent *** are susceptible to damage after acute central nervous system injury,and this leads to the release of toxic levels of reactive oxygen species,which induce cell ***,a selective form of autophagy,is crucial in eliminating redundant or damaged mitochondria during these *** evidence has highlighted the significant role of mitophagy in acute central nervous system *** this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the process,classification,and related mechanisms of *** also highlight the recent developments in research into the role of mitophagy in various acute central nervous system injuries and drug therapies that regulate *** the final section of this review,we emphasize the potential for treating these disorders by focusing on mitophagy and suggest future research paths in this area.

关键词： autophagy intracerebral hemorrhage ischemic stroke mitochondria mitochondrial biogenesis mitochondrial quality control mitophagy spinal cord injury subarachnoid hemorrhage traumatic brain injury

Gut microbiota-astrocyte axis: new insights into age-related cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 990-1008页

作者： Lan Zhang Jingge Wei Xilei Liu Dai Li Xiaoqi Pang Fanglian Chen Hailong cao ping Lei Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Department of GeriatricsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Geriatrics Institute Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNational Key Clinical SpecialtyTianjin Institute of Digestive DiseasesTianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesTianjinChina Department of Urology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Neurological Institution Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina

With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent *** is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of *** microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive *** article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative *** article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial ***,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s *** findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.

关键词： age aging Alzheimer’s disease astrocytes cognitive decline dementia gut microbiota gut–brain axis microbial metabolites neuroinflammation Parkinson’s disease

人工智能文生视频大模型Sora对科技伦理的冲击及应对

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新疆师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2025年第1期46卷 142-148页

作者：曹贤平南昌工程学院马克思主义学院江西南昌330099

Sora的推出是人类社会发展和人工智能进步的标志性事件,凸显出生成式人工智能的强大功能。Sora的爆火离不开规模化数据、先进算法和规模化算力,其内在运行机制紧扣文本输入、文本编码、视频生成和视频输出的基本逻辑,在人类社会具有广... 详细信息

Sora的推出是人类社会发展和人工智能进步的标志性事件,凸显出生成式人工智能的强大功能。Sora的爆火离不开规模化数据、先进算法和规模化算力,其内在运行机制紧扣文本输入、文本编码、视频生成和视频输出的基本逻辑,在人类社会具有广阔应用前景。但Sora在技术更迭和运用过程中可能给科技伦理带来诸如冲击人的主体性地位、导致人们认知的混乱性、冲击伦理规则的适用性、冲击数字隐私伦理并造成数字歧视等风险。因此,要坚持以人为本,运用技术手段增强Sora的数据筛选力度和敏捷治理效度,防止数据泄露和侵犯隐私,进行伦理设计实现科技伦理与时俱进,辅之必要的教育培训,以此提升全民运用人工智能技术的能力。

关键词： Sora 生成式人工智能科技伦理

预注甲氧明联合麻黄碱预防剖宫产腰麻后低血压作用研究

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黑龙江医学 2017年第2期41卷 124-126页

作者：邹家平曹少珍温冬梅清远市妇幼保健院麻醉科广东清远511500

目的分析预注甲氧明联合麻黄碱对剖宫产腰麻后发生低血压的患者进行预防,探究其作用。方法选取2015-07—2016-06间清远市妇幼保健院收治的拟行择期剖宫产初产妇120例,随机分为麻黄碱组(第Ⅰ组)、甲氧明组(第Ⅱ组)和麻黄素+甲氧明组(第Ⅲ... 详细信息

目的分析预注甲氧明联合麻黄碱对剖宫产腰麻后发生低血压的患者进行预防,探究其作用。方法选取2015-07—2016-06间清远市妇幼保健院收治的拟行择期剖宫产初产妇120例,随机分为麻黄碱组(第Ⅰ组)、甲氧明组(第Ⅱ组)和麻黄素+甲氧明组(第Ⅲ组)三组,平均每组40例患者,观察其临床效果。结果第Ⅰ组患者用麻黄碱后心率明显增快;第Ⅱ组患者用甲氧明后心率明显减慢;第Ⅲ组患者用甲氧明和麻黄碱后心率基本无影响;与前两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。三组新生儿新生儿脐血p H、Apgar评分差异,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。第Ⅰ、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组心动过缓和心动过速比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论甲氧明联合麻黄碱可以有效预防剖宫产腰麻后低血压的发生,值得在临床上可以推广应用。

关键词：甲氧明麻黄碱剖宫产腰麻低血压

Hydrolysis and Photolysis of Herbicide Clomazone in Aqueous Solutions and Natural Water Under Abiotic Conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第11期12卷 2074-2082页

作者： cao jia DIAO Xiao-ping HU Ji-ye School of Agriculture Hainan University School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

The hydrolysis and photolysis of clomazone in aqueous solutions and natural water were assessed under natural and controlled conditions. Kinetics of hydrolysis and photolysis of clomazone were determined by HPLC-DAD. Photoproducts were identiifed by HPLC-MS. No noticeable hydrolysis occurred in aqueous buffer solutions （（25±2）°C, pH （4.5±0.1）, pH （7.4±0.1）, pH （9.0±0.1）;（50±2）°C, pH （4.5±0.1）, pH （7.4±0.1）） or in natural water up to 90 d. At pH （9.0±0.1） and （50±2）°C the half-life of clomazone was 50.2 d. Clomazone photodecomposition rate in aqueous solutions under UV radiation and natural sunlight followed ifrst-order kinetics. Degradation rates were faster under UV light （half-life of 51-59 min） compared to sunlight （half-life of 87-136 d）. Under UV light, four major photoproducts were detected and tentatively identiifed according to HPLC-MS spectral information such as 2-chlorobenzamide, N-hydroxy-（2-benzyl）-2-methylpropan-amide, 2-[2-phenol]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone and 2-[（4,6-dihydroxyl-2-chlorine phenol）]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone. These results suggested that clomazone photodegradation proceeds via several reaction pathways：1） dehalogenation;2） substitution of chlorine group by hydroxyl;3） cleavage of the side chain. Photosensitizers, such as H2O2 and ribolfavin, could enhance photolysis of clomazone in natural sunlight. In summary, we found that photoreaction is an important dissipation pathway of clomazone in natural water systems.

关键词： clomazone hydrolysis photolysis photoproducts abiotic

Ultrasonography of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation in the spleen

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第29期16卷 3727-3730页

作者： jia-Ying cao Hui Zhang Wen-ping Wang Department of Ultrasound Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai 200032China

We report three rare cases of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation(SANT) in the *** compared the conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic *** conventional sonographic examinations exhibited solitary lesions without common respects,while contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) revealed nodular appearance mimicking its pathologic *** suggests that CEUS can provide morphologic information for diagnosing SANT.

关键词： Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography Ultrasound

Viscosity and structure relationship with equimolar substitution of cao with MgO in the cao–MgO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)slag melts

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 70-79页

作者： Yong Hou Shuo Zhang Jie Dang jia Guo Hanghang Zhou Xuewei Lü College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vanadium-Titanium Metallurgy and New Materials Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Currently,the Al_(2)O_(3)content in the high-alumina slag systems within blast furnaces is generally limited to 16wt%–18.5wt%,making it challenging to overcome this *** most studies that concentrated on managing the MgO/Al_(2)O_(3)ratio or basicity,this paper explored the effect of equimolar substitution of MgO for cao on the viscosity and structure of a high-alumina cao-MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)slag system,providing theoretical guidance and data to facilitate the application of high-alumina *** results revealed that the viscosity first decreased and then increased with higher MgO substitution,reaching a minimum at 15mol%MgO *** transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)results found that the depths of the troughs representing[SiO_(4)]tetrahedra,[AlO_(4)]tetrahedra,and Si-O-Al bending became progressively deeper with increased MgO *** of the Raman spectra showed that the average number of bridging oxygens per Si atom and the X_(Q^(3))/X_(Q^(2))(X_(Q^(i))is the molar fraction of Q^(i) unit,and i is the number of bridging oxygens in a[SiO_(4)]tetrahedral unit)ratio increased from 2.30 and 1.02 to 2.52 and 2.14,respectively,indicating a progressive polymerization of the silicate structure.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results highlighted that non-bridging oxygen content decreased from 77.97mol% to 63.41mol% with increasing MgO concentration,whereas bridging oxygen and free oxygen contents *** analysis demonstrated a gradual increase in the polymerization degree of the tetrahedral structure with the increase in MgO ***,bond strength is another important factor affecting the slag *** occurrence of a viscosity minimum can be attributed to the complex evolution of bond strengths of non-bridging oxygens generated during depolymerization of the[SiO_(4)]and[AlO_(4)]tetrahedral structures by cao and MgO.

关键词： aluminosilicate viscosity structure spectroscopy

Strength and failure characteristics of brittle jointed rock-like specimens under uniaxial compression:Digital speckle technology and a particle mechanics approach

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第4期28卷 662-670页

作者： Rihong cao Hang Lin ping cao School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South University State Key Laboratory for Geo Mechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining & Technology

The strength and failure characteristics of most natural rock mass are influenced by discontinues such as fissures, joints, and weak surfaces. In the present study, the strength and failure behavior of ubiquitous- joint rock-l!ke specimens under uniaxial loading have been investigated by DIC （digital image correlation） and discrete element numerical method （PFC2D）. The results are obtained. Firstly, the UCSJ of spec- imens with γ= 15° or 30° shows similar tendency while α goes from 0° to 75°. With γ= 45° or 60°, the UCSJ of specimens increases when α goes from 0° to 30° and decreases after α goes beyond 30°. With γ=75°, the peak UCSJ value is reached when α=0°. The UCSJ value shows an increasing trend when α goes from 60° to 75°. Secondly, the ubiquitous-joint specimens present different failure modes for various levels of α and γ（β-α）. Based on the experimental results, the failure mode of ubiquitous-joint specimens can be classified into three categories： stepped path failure, failure through parallel plane, and failure through cross plane.

关键词： Ubiquitous-joint Digital speckle correlation technique PFC2D Strength Failure mode

Use of polymer combinations in the preparation of solid dispersions of a thermally unstable drug by hot-melt extrusion

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2013年第4期3卷 263-272页

作者： jia Liu Feng cao Can Zhang Qineng ping Department of Pharmaceutics School of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China Center of Drug Discovery State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China

The objective of the study was to prepare solid dispersions containing a thermally unstable drug by hot-melt extrusion(HME).Carbamazepine(CBZ)was selected as model drug and combinations of Kollidon VA64(VA64),Soluplus(SOL)and Eudragit EPO(EPO)were utilized as *** was conducted to identify the suitability of polymer combinations based on solubility parameters,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),hot stage microscopy and thermogravimetric *** properties of solid dispersions were determined by DSC,X-ray diffraction,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,dissolution and accelerated stability *** results show that drug-polymer miscibility at temperatures below the melting point(Tm)of CBZ was improved by combining EPO with VA64 or *** 30%drug loading in a solid dispersion in SOL:EPO(1:1,w/w),CBZ was mainly present in an amorphous form accompanied by a small amount of a microcrystalline *** dissolution rate of the solid dispersion was significantly increased(approximately 90%within 5 min)compared to either the pure drug(approximately 85%within 60 min)or the corresponding physical mixture(approximately 80%within 60 min)before and after *** solid dispersion in SOL:EPO(1:1,w/w)was relatively stable at 401C/75%RH under CBZ tablet packaging conditions for at least 3 *** conclusion,polymer combinations that improve drug-polymer miscibility at an HME processing temperature below the Tm of a drug appear to be beneficial in the preparation of solid dispersions containing thermally unstable drugs.

关键词： Carbamazepine Hot-melt extrusion Thermal unstable drug Solid dispersion Polymer combination Stability Dissolution