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nucleoside modified mRnA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： Krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal nógrádi Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular *** the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(Khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injured capacity modified

nitrogen addition promotes soil carbon accumulation globally

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 284-293页

作者： Xuemei Yang Suhui Ma Erhan Huang Danhua Zhang Guoping Chen jiangling Zhu Chengjun ji Biao Zhu Lingli Liu jingyun Fang Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Soil is the largest carbon(C) reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in regulating the global C cycle and climate *** nitrogen(n) deposition has been widely considered as a critical factor affecting soil organic carbon(SOC) storage, but its effect on SOC components with different stability remains unclear. Here, we analyzed extensive empirical data from 304 sites worldwide to investigate how SOC and its components respond to n addition. Our analysis showed that n addition led to a significant increase in bulk SOC(6.7%), with greater increases in croplands(10.6%) and forests(6.0%) compared to grasslands(2.1%). Regarding SOC components, n addition promoted the accumulation of plant-derived C(9.7%–28.5%) over microbial-derived C(0.2%), as well as labile(5.7%) over recalcitrant components(–1.2%), resulting in a shift towards increased accumulation of plant-derived labile C. Consistently, n addition led to a greater increase in particulate organic C(11.9%) than mineral-associated organic C(3.6%), suggesting that n addition promotes C accumulation across all pools, with more increase in unstable than stable pools. The responses of SOC and its components were best predicted by the n addition rate and net primary productivity. Overall, our findings suggest that n enrichment could promote the accumulation of plant-derived and non-mineral associated C and a subsequent decrease in the overall stability of soil C pool, which underscores the importance of considering the effects of n enrichment on SOC components for a better understanding of C dynamics in soils.

关键词： meta-analysis nitrogen enrichment soil organic carbon carbon accumulation carbon stability

An Efficient Boron Source Activation Strategy for the Low‑Temperature Synthesis of Boron nitride nanotubes

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nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 548-558页

作者： Ying w.ng kai Zhang Liping Ding Liyun wu Songfeng E Qian He nanyang w.ng Hui Zuo Zhengyang Zhou Feng Ding Yue Hu jin Zhang Yagang Yao national Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materialsand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093People’s Republic of China School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence Shaanxi University of Science&TechnologyXian 710000People’s Republic of China College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science&TechnologyXian 710000People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325000People’s Republic of China Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518000People’s Republic of China College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871People’s Republic of China

Lowering the synthesis temperature of boron nitride nanotubes(BnnTs)is crucial for their *** primary reason for adopting a high temperature is to enable the effective activation of highmelting-point solid *** this study,we developed a novel approach for efficiently activating boron by introducing alkali metal compounds into the conventional MgO–B *** approach can be adopted to form various low-melting-point AM–Mg–B–O growth *** growth systems have improved catalytic capability and reactivity even under low-temperature conditions,facilitating the synthesis of BnnTs at temperatures as low as 850℃.In addition,molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory theoretically demonstrate that the systems maintain a liquid state at low temperatures and interact with n atoms to form Bn *** findings offer novel insights into the design of boron activation and are expected to facilitate research on the low-temperature synthesis of BnnTs.

关键词： Boron nitride nanotubes Low-temperature Boron activation Density functional theory

Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Running Coupling Constants in n-n Interaction

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2001年第7期36卷 44-46页

作者： ji Qing YU kai YU Hui w.nG Yong-Hong ZHAO Tong-Jun Department of Physics Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China Department of Applied Mathematics Southwest Jiao Tong University Chengdu 610031 China Department of Physics Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China Department of Physics Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China Department of Physics Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China

The scalar and vector running coupling constants are derived using the renormalization group method in the σ-ω model. The numerical values of the two running coupling constants are obtained and the physical meaning ... 详细信息

关键词： running coupling constant, n-n interaction

Sex differences in aging and injured brain

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2901-2902页

作者： Jordan n.williamson Yuan Yang University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Grainger College of EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringUrbanaILUSA Carle Foundation Hospital Stephenson Family Clinical Research InstituteClinical Imaging Research CenterUrbanaILUSA University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUrbanaILUSA northwestern University Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement SciencesChicagoILUSA

Background:The prevalence,age of onset,and symptomatology of traumatic brain injury,stroke,and neurodegenerative diseases(such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease)differ substantially between males and *** higher prevalence of these brain disorders has been attributed to females having a greater longevity compared with *** one of the greatest risk factors of acquired brain injury(such as stroke,traumatic brain injury caused by fall)and neurodegenerative disease is age.

关键词： Huntington prevalence traumatic

Reconstructed annual glacier surface mass balance in theányêmaqên Mountains,Yellow River source,based on snow line altitude

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第4期19卷 1070-1081页

作者： LI kai-ji CAO Bo GUAn wei-jin PAn Bao-tian SHAnGGUAn Dong-hui Key Laboratory of western Chinas Environmental Systems(MOE) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Gansu Shiyang River Basin Scientific Observing StationLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences(SKLCS) Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Annual mass balance is an important factor that reflects glacier change and glacier meltwater *** this study,we analyzed the changes in glacier area,snow line altitude(SLA)and surface elevation in theányêmaqên Mountain region using multisource remote sensing ***,the annual mass balance of two glaciers was reconstructed by using SLA-mass-balance gradient *** results showed that the glacier area in theányêmaqên Mountains decreased by 29.4 km2from 1985 to *** average SLAs of the Halong Glacier and Yehelong Glacier were approximately 5290 m and 5188 m,*** glacier mass balance for the two glaciers from 1990 to 2020 was-0.71 m w.e.a^(-1) and-0.63 m w.e.a^(-1),*** results indicate that SLA is an important indicator of glacier changes,and a long sequence of SLAs can more accurately reconstruct the glacier mass balance of the *** mean annual glacial meltwater-fed streamflow is 1.45×10^(7)m^(3) and 1.12×10^(7)m^(3),*** analysis indicates that summer air temperature plays a leading role in regard to the influential climatic factors of glacial retreat in theányêmaqên *** highlights the potential of the methodology for application on reconstructing annual glacier surface mass balance at larger scales without direct measurements.

关键词： Snow line altitude(SLA) Glacier annual mass balance reconstruction Glacier changes ányêmaqên Mountains

Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： María Belén Cieri Alberto Javier Ramos Laboratorio de neuropatología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Traumatic brain injury is a global health crisis,causing significant death and disability *** that follows traumatic brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive impairments,with astrocytes involved in this *** traumatic brain injury,astrocytes rapidly become reactive,and astrogliosis propagates from the injury core to distant brain *** astroglial proteins are downregulated near the traumatic brain injury core,while pro-inflammatory astroglial genes are *** altered gene expression is considered a pathological remodeling of astrocytes that produces serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive *** addition,glial scar formed by reactive astrocytes is initially necessary to limit immune cell infiltration,but in the long term impedes axonal reconnection and functional *** therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury are focused on preventing acute ***,cannabinoids,progesterone,beta-blockers,and cerebrolysin demonstrate neuroprotective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of *** this review,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in reactive astrocytes follow.ng traumatic brain injury and we discuss some of the potential new strategies aimed to modulate astroglial responses in traumatic brain injury,especially using cell-targeted strategies with miRnAs or lncRnA,viral vectors,and repurposed drugs.

关键词： astrocyte glial scar innate immunity neuroinflammation stab injury Toll-like receptors

Making bridges between preclinical and clinical insights into age-related cognitive decline

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2321-2322页

作者： David VC Brito Clévio nóbrega Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute(ABC-RI) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Algarve Biomedical Center-(ABC) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences(FMCB) University of AlgarveGambelas CampusFaroPortugal

with people living longer,the societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is becoming more pronounced(Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend the cognitive shifts linked to aging-whether th... 详细信息

关键词： bridges becoming insight