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Investigating drivers of microbial activity and respiration in a forested bog

Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 135-145页

作者： Kenna e.ReWCASTLe jessica A.M.MOORe Jeremiah A.HeNNING Melanie A.MAYeS Courtney M.PATTeRSON Gangsheng WANG Daniel B.MeTCALFe Aimée T.CLASSeN Rubenstein School of environment and Natural Resources University of VermontBurlington VT 05405(USA) ecology&evolutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996(USA) The Gund Institute for environment University of VermontBurlington VT 05405(USA) Department of Biology University of South AlabamaMobile AL 36688(USA) Climate Change Science Institute and environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TN 37830(USA) Institute for environmental Genomics&Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology University of OklahomaNorman OK 73019(USA) The Department of Physical Geography and ecosystem Science Lund UniversityLund 22362(Sweden)

Northern peatlands store nearly one-third of terrestrial carbon(C)stocks while covering only 3%of the global landmass;nevertheless,the drivers of C cycling in these often-waterlogged ecosystems are different from those that control C dynamics in upland forested *** explore how multiple abiotic and biotic characteristics of bogs interact to shape microbial activity in a northern,forested bog,we added a labile C tracer(13C-labeled starch)to in situ peat mesocosms and correlated heterotrophic respiration with natural variation in several microbial predictor variables,such as enzyme activity and microbial biomass,as well as with a suite of abiotic variables and proximity to vascular plants *** found that peat moisture content was positively correlated with respiration and microbial activity,even when moisture levels exceeded total saturation,suggesting that access to organic matter substrates in drier environments may be limiting for microbial *** to black spruce trees decreased total and labile heterotrophic *** negative relationship may reflect the influence of tree evapotranspiration and peat shading effects;i.e.,microbial activity may decline as peat dries and cools near ***,we isolated the response of heterotrophic respiration to explore the variation in,and interactions among,multiple abiotic and biotic drivers that influence microbial *** approach allowed us to reveal the relative influence of individual drivers on C respiration in these globally important C sinks.

关键词： carbon cycling enzyme activity heterotrophic respiration labile carbon respiration ombrotrophic bog peat moisture plant proximity soil carbon sink

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Glucocorticoids and nervous system plasticity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 37-41页

作者： Kathryn M.Madalena jessica K.Lerch Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair The Ohio State University Department of Neuroscience Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University

Glucocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor（GC/GR） interactions alter numerous aspects of neuronal function. These consequences（e.g., anti-inflammatory vs. pro-inflammatory） can vary depending on the duration of GC exposure or central nervous system（CNS） injury model. In this review we discuss how GC/GR interactions impact neuronal recovery after a central or peripheral nerve injury and discuss how GC exposure duration can produce divergent CNS neuronal growth responses. Finally we consider how new findings on gender specific immune cell responses after a nerve injury could intersect with GC/GR interactions to impact pain processing.

关键词： glucocorticoids plasticity stress neuropathic pain

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Perspectives for the association between olfactory disturbances and depression in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第4期14卷 591-592页

作者： jessica L.Ilkiw Marcelo M.S.Lima Neurophysiology Laboratory Department of PhysiologyFederal University of Paraná

Non-motor disturbances in Parkinson’s disease:Globally,population aged 60 or over is growing and considering the World Bank predictions for the next 20 years it is expected that the number of Parkinson’s disease(PD)cases will double at the end of this period thus,reaching an impressive 13–39 million patients *** scenario is potentially associated with a significant global negative impact on public health systems particularly in countries with increased ageing populations such as the european countries,Asia and *** pathophysiology of PD involves the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc)that triggers denervation of the nigrostriatal pathway and consequent significant reduction of dopamine in the dorsal *** process leads to a critical motor impairment scenario characterized by bradykinesia,rigidity,resting tremor,and postural instability(emamzadeh and Surguchov,2018).However,several other non-motor disturbances develop earlier,thus,being considered as prodromal signs of the *** this sense,the literature is increasingly emphasizing the importance of investigating mood and olfactory disruptions as high sensitive benchmarks of the early-phase *** fact,the need for innovative early-phase diagnostic tools,as well as the elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of such disturbances,is essential priority in the field of investigation of ***,in the year of 2015,a woman was known for an intriguing ability of“smell PD”.Her husband had lived with the disease for twenty years and during this process she noticed that his odor slowly changed to a musky ***,this woman could associate this particular smell with PD after meeting different people with this distinct odor in a charity for PD *** fact,this clever observation is aligned with studies showing that hyposmia is found decades before the motor *** type of anecdotal story,

关键词： Parkinson olfactory disturbances association

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Spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms in chronic post-stroke aphasia

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第3期12卷 450-469页

作者： Lisa edelkraut Diana López-Barroso María JoséTorres-Prioris Sergio e Starkstein Ricardo e Jorge jessica Aloisi Marcelo L Berthier Guadalupe Dávila Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Science Faculty of Psychology and Speech TherapyUniversity of MalagaMalaga 29071Spain Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit Centro de Investigaciones Médico-SanitariasUniversity of MalagaMalaga 29010Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga University of MalagaMalaga 29010Spain School of Psychiatry and Neurosciences The University of Western AustraliaPerth 6009Australia Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States

BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric symptoms(NPS)have been insufficiently examined in persons with aphasia(PWA)because most previous studies exclude participants with language and communication *** To report a two-part study consisting of a literature review and an observational study on NPS in post-stroke *** Study 1 reviewed articles obtained from PubMed,PsycINFO,Google Scholar and Cochrane databases after cross-referencing key words of post-stroke aphasia to NPS and *** 2 examined language deficits and activities of daily living in 20 PWA(median age:58,range:28-65 years;13 men)with the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised and the Barthel Index,*** of these 20 PWA were proxy-evaluated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and domain-specific scales,including the Stroke Aphasia Depression Questionnaire-10 item version and the Starkstein Apathy *** addition,an adapted version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was directly administered to the PWA *** observational study is based on the baseline assessment of an intervention clinical trial(eudraCT:2017-002858-36;*** identifier:NCT04134416).ReSULTS The literature review revealed a broad spectrum of NPS in PWA,including depression,anxiety,apathy,agitation/aggression,eating and sleep disorders,psychosis,and hypomania/*** findings alert to the need for improving assessment and treatment approaches of NPS taking into consideration their frequent occurrence in *** 2 showed that the 20 participants had mild-to-moderate aphasia severity and were functionally independent.A wide range of comorbid NPS was found in the post-stroke aphasic population(median number of NPS:5,range:1-8).The majority of PWA(75%)had depressive symptoms,followed by agitation/aggression(70%),irritability(70%),anxiety(65%)and appetite/eating symptoms(65%).Half of them also presented symptoms of apathy,whereas euphoria and psychotic symptoms were rare(5%).Domain

关键词： Aphasia Stroke Neuropsychiatric symptoms Anxiety Apathy Depression

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Different outer membrane c‐type cytochromes are involved in direct interspecies electron transfer to Geobacter or Methanosarcina species

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mLife 2022年第3期1卷 272-286页

作者： Dawn e.Holmes Jinjie Zhou jessica A.Smith Caiqin Wang Xinying Liu Derek R.Lovley Department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts‐AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA Department of Physical and Biological Science Western New England UniversitySpringfieldMassachusettsUSA Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina Department of Biomolecular Sciences Central Connecticut State UniversityNew BritainConnecticutUSA College of environment Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhouChina College of environmental Science and engineering Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina.

Direct interspecies electron transfer(DIeT)may be most important in methanogenic environments,but mechanistic studies of DIeT to date have primarily focused on cocultures in which fumarate was the terminal electron *** better understand DIeT with methanogens,the transcriptome of Geobacter metallireducens during DIeT‐based growth with *** reducing fumarate was compared with *** grown in coculture with diverse *** transcriptome of *** cocultured with *** was significantly different from those with ***,the transcriptome of *** grown with Methanosarcina barkeri,which lacks outer‐surface c‐type cytochromes,differed from those of *** cocultured with *** or ***,which have an outer‐surface c‐type cytochrome that serves as an electrical connect for *** in *** expression patterns for genes involved in extracellular electron transfer were particularly *** with c‐type cytochrome deletion mutant strains,ΔGmet_0930,ΔGmet_0557 andΔGmet_2896,never became established with *** but adapted to grow with all three *** porin–cytochrome complexes,PccF and PccG,were important for DIeT;however,PccG was more important for growth with *** cocultures with *** and ***,electrically conductive pili were not needed for growth with *** oneidensis,another electroactive microbe with abundant outer‐surface c‐type cytochromes,did not grow via *** results demonstrate that the presence of outer‐surface c‐type cytochromes does not necessarily confer the capacity for DIeT and emphasize the impact of the electron‐accepting partner on the physiology of the electron‐donating DIeT partner.

关键词： c‐type cytochrome direct interspecies electron transfer(DIeT) extracellular electron transfer Geobacter Methanosarcina

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Technosol made from coal waste as a strategy to plant growth and environmental control

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energy Geoscience 2021年第2期2卷 160-166页

作者： Beatriz A.Firpo jessica Weiler Ivo A.H.Schneider Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul LTM-DEMIN/PPGE3MAv.Bento Gonçalves 9500CEP:91501-970Porto AlegreRSBrazil

Coal waste disposal areas demand proper rehabilitation activities because several environmental impacts are related to them,such as acid mine drainage,loss of biohabitats,water pollution,and soil *** most common strategy is to cover them with an impermeable layer followed by a new soil layer as soon as possible,while maximizing plant growth and avoiding water and wind *** study examines the possibility of transforming coal waste itself into a substrate for plant growth,namely technosol,assuming its own use for progressive rehabilitation and revegetation of waste *** coal waste is amended with other residues in an integrated waste management approach:rice husk ash,steel slag,and sewage sludge to adjust physical structure,pH,and nutrient availability,*** raw material composition,fertility,metals bioavailability,plant growth,and nutrients in plant tissue are analyzed after successive growth of lopsided oats(Avena strigosa)and maize(Zea mays).The results show that coal waste allows a fertile plant substrate after being amended in accordance to experimental *** soil metal concentration is found to fall within the limits of natural variation for soils in the study area and nutrients in plant tissue are found to be consistent with lopsided oats and maize *** proposed waste mixture results in a technosol capable of adequately promoting plant growth,that is,it is a potential resource to accelerate revegetation and natural succession in coal waste disposal areas.

关键词： Mine waste Mine soil Technogenic soil Waste management Mine reclamation

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exposure to dietary mercury alters cognition and behavior of zebra finches

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 213-219页

作者： John R SWADDLe Tessa R. DIeHL Capwell e, TAYLOR Aaron S. FANAee jessica L. BeNSON Neil R. HUCKSTeP Daniel A. CRISTOL Biology Department College of William and Mary Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies Williamsburg VA 23187-8795 USA Biological Sciences Virginia Tech 1405 Perry Street Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

environmental stressors can negatively affect avian cognitive abilities, potentially reducing fitness, for example by altering response to predators, display to mates, or memory of locations of food. We expand on current knowledge by investigating the effects of dietary mercury, a ubiquitous en- vironmental pollutant and known neurotoxin, on avian cognition. Zebra finches Taeniopygia gut- tata were dosed for their entire lives with sub-lethal levels of mercury, at the environmentally rele- vant dose of 1.2 parts per million. In our first study, we compared the dosed birds with controls of the same age using tests of three cognitive abilities： spatial memory, inhibitory control, and color association. In the spatial memory assay, birds were tested on their ability to learn and remember the location of hidden food in their cage. The inhibitory control assay measured their ability to ig- nore visible but inaccessible food in favor of a learned behavior that provided the same reward. Finally, the color association task tested each bird＇s ability to associate a specific color with the presence of hidden food. Dietary mercury negatively affected spatial memory ability but not inhibi- tory control or color association. Our second study focused on three behavioral assays not tied to a specific skill or problem-solving： activity level, neophobia, and social dominance. Zebra finches exposed to dietary mercury throughout their lives were subordinate to, and more active than, con- trol birds. We found no evidence that mercury exposure influenced our metric of neophobia. Together, these results suggest that sub-lethal exposure to environmental mercury selectively harms neurological pathways that control different cognitive abilities, with complex effects on be- havior and fitness.

关键词： animal behavior ecotoxicology cognition mercury spatial memory zebra finch.

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effect of solution condition on hydroxyapatite formation in evaluating bioactivity of B2O3 containing 45S5 bioactive glasses

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Bioactive Materials 2019年第1期4卷 207-214页

作者： Xiaonan Lu jessica Kolzow Roberto R.Chen Jincheng Du Department of Materials Science and engineering University of North TexasDentonTX76203USA

The effects of testing solutions and conditions on hydroxyapatite(HAp)formation as a means of in vitro bioactivity evaluation of B2O3 containing 45S5 bioactive glasses were systematically *** glass samples prepared by the traditional melt and quench process,where SiO2 in 45S5 was gradually replaced by B2O3(up to 30%),were *** solutions:the simulated body fluid(SBF)and K2HPO4 solutions were used as the medium for evaluating in vitro bioactivity through the formation of HAp on glass surface as a function of *** was found that addition of boron oxide delayed the HAp formation in both SBF and K2HPO4 solutions,while the reaction between glass and the K2HPO4 solution is much faster as compared to *** addition to the composition and medium effects,we also studied whether the solution treatments(e.g.,adjusting to maintain a pH of 7.4,refreshing solution at certain time interval,and no disturbance during immersion)affect HAp *** transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR)equipped with an attenuated total reflection(ATR)sampling technique and scanning electron microscopy(SeM)were conducted to identify HAp formation on glass powder surfaces and to observe HAp morphologies,*** results show that refreshing solution every 24 h produced the fastest HAp formation for low boron-containing samples when SBF was used as testing solution,while no significant differences were observed when K2HPO4 solution was *** study thus suggests the testing solutions and conditions play an important role on the in vitro bioactivity testing results and should be carefully considered when study materials with varying bioactivities.

关键词： Bioactive glasses Boron oxide In vitro Hydroxyapatite

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Robotic assisted laparoscopic simple suprapubic prostatectomy--The Smith Institute for Urology experience with an evolving technique

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Asian Journal of Urology 2014年第1期1卷 55-59页

作者： Sammy e.elsamra Nikhil Gupta Haris Ahmed David Leavitt jessica Kreshover Louis Kavoussi Lee Richstone The Smith Institute for Urology New Hyde ParkNYUSA

Objective:Despite a multitude of minimally invasive surgical options available for benign prostatic enlargement,open simple prostatectomy(OSP)remains the standard for large prostates(typically greater than 100 g).OSP,however,is associated with significant ***,a few reports touting robotic application to simple prostatectomy have been ***,we reviewed our series of robotic assisted laparoscopic simple suprapubic prostatectomy(RALSSP)and detailed modifications in our technique as our experience ***:All RALSSP cases performed between January 2013 and January 2014 were reviewed for demographics,pre-operative features,and perioperative *** parameters were tabulated and mean values were ***’s t-test was utilized with peemed *** regarding surgical technique were reviewed and ***:Fifteen patients underwent RALSSP during this *** age of these men was 68.7 *** body mass index(BMI)was 28.5 kg/m^*** Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)score was on average *** International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)was 16.2 with the majority of men experiencing some adverse clinical sequela of such benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).For those patients not in retention,preoperative post-void residual(PVR)was 428 *** patients underwent successful RALSSP without need for conversion or need for blood *** estimated blood loss(eBL)was 290 *** patients underwent other concurrent procedures(e.g.,cystolithotomy).Mean length of hospital stay(LOS)was 2.4 days and only five patients required continuous bladder irrigation(CBI)*** PVR improved to a mean of 33 mL and IPSS improved to 4.5(pere *** of low transverse cystotomy,utilization of a robotic tenaculum in the#3 arm with its control by a surgeon on a second console,and the utilization of mucosal advancement have all subjectively a

关键词： Robotic assisted laparoscopic simple suprapubic prostatectomy Benign prostatic hyperplasia Blood loss Hospital stay

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Delivery of acupuncture in clinical trials:Research acupuncturists’perspectives

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第4期21卷 315-319页

作者： Joyce K.Anastasi Bernadette Capili jessica Neumaier Londa Hackett Division of Special Studies in Symptom Management New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10010USA Heilbrunn Family Center for Research Nursing the Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNY 10065USA

Delivery of acupuncture in the setting of a clinical trial is a unique practice that diverges significantly from the delivery of acupuncture in a real-world clinical setting. Research acupuncturists, particularly those trained in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), are often required to set aside valued precepts of traditional care, including diagnosing imbalances, individualizing treatment, and forging a therapeutic relationship with patients. TCM-trained acupuncturists express mixed feelings about participating in clinical trials. Many are eager to play a vital role in the advancement of acupuncture science and appreciate the need for strict protocol adherence to minimize bias. However, the acupuncturist(s) may also have concerns about clinical trial methodology, including but not limited to the delivery of a control condition, e.g., sham acupuncture. Investigators should anticipate certain questions and even a level of resistance to the requirements of research among acupuncturists and be prepared to address them. This manuscript presents a brief review of the subjective experience of the research acupuncturist within the available scientific literature as it pertains to the delivery of active and sham clinical research protocols. Our goals are to better understand the perspectives of acupuncturists who may participate in clinical research, so that their concerns may be addressed in study design and methodology. To that end, we suggest the creation of a novel training program specifically for clinical trial acupuncturists, intended for qualified TCM-and Western-trained practitioners, that would help to standardize the research acupuncturist’s role and help to strengthen the design and execution of acupuncture studies.

关键词： Acupuncture Traditional Chinese medicine Clinical protocols Health knowledge,attitudes,practice Researcher-subject relationship Placebos

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