Perspectives for the association between olfactory disturbances and depression in Parkinson's disease

作     者：Jessica L.Ilkiw Marcelo M.S.Lima 

作者机构：Neurophysiology LaboratoryDepartment of PhysiologyFederal University of Paraná 

出 版 物：《Neural Regeneration Research》 (中国神经再生研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2019年第14卷第4期

页      面：591-592页

核心收录：

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100204[医学-神经病学] 100205[医学-精神病与精神卫生学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：supported by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES) Fundacao Araucária(Programa de Apoio a Núcleos de Excelencia-PRONEX) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)(grant No.431279/2016-0)Brazil MMSL is recipient of CNPq fellowship(grant No.305986/2016-3) 

主　　题：Parkinson olfactory disturbances association 

摘      要：Non-motor disturbances in Parkinson’s disease:Globally,population aged 60 or over is growing and considering the World Bank predictions for the next 20 years it is expected that the number of Parkinson’s disease(PD)cases will double at the end of this period thus,reaching an impressive 13–39 million patients *** scenario is potentially associated with a significant global negative impact on public health systems particularly in countries with increased ageing populations such as the European countries,Asia and *** pathophysiology of PD involves the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc)that triggers denervation of the nigrostriatal pathway and consequent significant reduction of dopamine in the dorsal *** process leads to a critical motor impairment scenario characterized by bradykinesia,rigidity,resting tremor,and postural instability(Emamzadeh and Surguchov,2018).However,several other non-motor disturbances develop earlier,thus,being considered as prodromal signs of the *** this sense,the literature is increasingly emphasizing the importance of investigating mood and olfactory disruptions as high sensitive benchmarks of the early-phase *** fact,the need for innovative early-phase diagnostic tools,as well as the elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of such disturbances,is essential priority in the field of investigation of ***,in the year of 2015,a woman was known for an intriguing ability of“smell PD.Her husband had lived with the disease for twenty years and during this process she noticed that his odor slowly changed to a musky ***,this woman could associate this particular smell with PD after meeting different people with this distinct odor in a charity for PD *** fact,this clever observation is aligned with studies showing that hyposmia is found decades before the motor *** type of anecdotal story,