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Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon c.Smith jessica L.Williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(cNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

Effects of environmental stressors on stem cells

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World Journal of Stem cells 2019年第9期11卷 565-577页

作者： jessica R Worley Graham c Parker Department of Pediatrics Wayne State University School of Medicine

Environmental toxicants are ubiquitous,and many are known to cause harmful health ***,much of what we know or think we know concerning the targets and long-term effects of exposure to environmental stressors is sadly *** exposure may have health effects that are currently mischaracterized or at least mechanistically incompletely *** much of the recent excitement about stem cells(Scs)focuses on their potential as therapeutic agents,they also offer a valuable resource to give us insight into the mechanisms and risks of toxicant *** only as a response to the increasing ethical pressure to reduce animal testing,Sc studies allow us valuable insight into the true effects of human exposure to environmental stressors under controlled *** present a review of the history of publications on the effects of environmental stressors on Scs,followed by a consolidation of the literature over the past five years on a subset of key environmental stressors of importance to human health and their effects on both embryonic and tissue *** review will make constructive suggestions as to areas of toxicant research where further studies are needed,as well as making indications of the potential utility for advancing knowledge and directing research on environmental toxicology.

关键词： Environmental substances Toxic Stem cells Endocrine disruptors Alcohols Tobacco smoking Metals Heavy Particulate matter Volatile organic compounds Ozone

Scalable Methods for Device Patterning as an Outstanding challenge in Translating Paper-Based Microfluidics from the Academic Benchtop to the Point-of-care

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2019年第1期3卷 50-60页

作者： jessica c.Brooks charles R.Mace Department of chemistry Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155USA

Paper-based microfluidic devices offer unparalleled adaptability for the development of low-cost,point-of-care analytical *** potential for these devices to drastically improve access to healthcare around the globe is obvious,but very few tests have found success in clinical ***,we identify manufacturing-specifically,methods to pattern paper devices at large scales-as a major barrier to translating prototype paper-based devices from the academic benchtop to the *** introduce current methods used to pattern papers and discuss their utility as means to prototype and manufacture paper-based devices.

关键词： Paper-based microfluidics μPAD Point-of-care Diagnostics Manufacturing

Harvesting of forest products and implications for Afrotemperate bird communities in a montane forest of the Eastern cape, South Africa

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第4期6卷 352-366页

作者： jessica Leaver Johann c.carstens Michael I.cherry Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University

Background: Harvesting of forest products is a widespread driver of disturbance in developing nations, where policies are increasingly aimed at managing natural forests for sustainable use. There is thus need for research aimed at understanding the impact of resource use on forest habitats and concomitant effects on *** forests in the Eastern cape, South Africa are harvested informally for poles and medicinal bark and occur along elevational gradients of 800–1600 m above sea level. Patterns of spatial diversity and human disturbance are expected to be affected by elevation. Furthermore, species’ responses to disturbance are expected to vary depending on their level of habitat specialisation. Understanding harvest impacts on forest biodiversity thus requires disentangling the separate effects of elevation and disturbance, and considering forest-specialist and forest-generalist species separately. This study comprises two components. First, harvest activities, resultant harvestmediated habitat heterogeneity, and avifaunal species richness, composition and beta-diversity were compared across two elevational zones in a harvested forest. Second, the role of harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity in driving patterns of avifaunal diversity were assessed, while controlling for elevation, and considering forest-specialist and forest-generalist species ***: Harvest rates were higher, and activities more varied in the lower elevation zone, with significant impacts of harvesting on habitat features resulting in higher harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity at lower ***-mediated increases in habitat heterogeneity positively affected forest-generalist species richness, while forest-specialist richness was negatively affected. While species composition of both groups differed across elevational zones, variation in harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity did not fully account for this, suggesting that factors other than disturbance

关键词： Human disturbance Habitat heterogeneity Habitat modification Beta-diversity Elevation Generalist species Forest-specialist species

Application of DInSAR for short period monitoring of initial subsidence due to longwall mining in the mountain west United States

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 33-37页

作者： jessica M.Wempen Department of Mining Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake City 84112USA

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(DInSAR),a satellite-based remote sensing technique,has application for monitoring subsidence with high resolution over short *** uses radar images to measure centimeter-level surface *** the images,ground resolution can be relatively high,with each data point(pixel)representing the average displacement over an area of several square *** image data are acquired regularly which allows subsidence to be monitored sequentially over short periods;imaging periods typically range from weeks to *** subsidence over short periods with high spatial resolution has potential to provide insight into the dynamics of subsidence and into relationships between mine advance and *** this study,for three longwall mines in the western United States,initial subsidence occurring at the start of longwall advance is quantified over short periods(12–72 days).c-band interferometric wide swath Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images from the Sentinel satellites are used to quantify the ***,the data show initial development of subsidence,expansion of the subsidence trough,and the advance of subsidence in the direction of mining.

关键词： Longwall mining Interferometry Subsidence

Beyond the basics:a perspective on barriers and opportunities for scaling up biochar production from forest slash

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Biochar 2024年第1期6卷 1-12页

作者： Derek Pierson Nathaniel Anderson jessica Brewen Nehalem clark Margaret cHardy Daniel Mccollum Frank HMccormick Jeffrey Morisette Timothy Nicosia Deborah page-Dumroese carlos Rodriguez-Franco Joanne Tirocke Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest ServiceBoiseID 83702USA. Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest ServiceMissoulaMT 59801USA. Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest ServiceFort CollinsCO 80526USA. Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest ServiceFlagstaffAZ 86001USA. Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest ServiceMoscowID 83843USA. Research and Development USDA Forest ServiceWashingtonDC 20250USA.

Biochar production from woody biomass generated during forest management(slash)offers significant benefits for soil health and carbon emissions,yet its adoption remains limited in the western United States(U.S.).To address this challenge,the *** of Agriculture(U.S.D.A.)Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station organized two workshops focused on forest management-centric biochar *** workshops convened a diverse group of stakeholders,including investors,land management practitioners,industry professionals,and research scientists,each with unique roles in slash-based biochar *** article presents a synthesis of the insights and perspectives gathered from these workshops,aiming to identify barriers and propose viable pathways for overcoming *** barriers encompass governance issues such as policy and permitting,economic challenges related to costs,funding,and market stability,technological hurdles concerning methods and equipment,and a need for further research and improved science *** response to these challenges,workshop attendees collaboratively outlined specific strategies to reduce these *** strategies emphasize the expansion of operational initiatives,the development of proactive policies,the stabilization of biochar markets,and the generation of additional case studies showcasing the effects of biochar amendments across various soils and ***,the insights gleaned from this workshop series provide a comprehensive roadmap outlining both the struggles and the necessary actions and investments required to enhance the scale of slash-based biochar production and application in the western U.S.

关键词： Biochar adoption Forest management Slash disposal Science-management workshops Science delivery

Genomic analysis uncovers functional variation in the c-terminus of anthocyanin-activating MYB transcription factors

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 885-898页

作者： jessica A.Rodrigues Richard V.Espley Andrew c.Allan The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited 120 Mount Albert RoadSandringhamAuckland 1025New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland3A Symonds StAuckland 1010New Zealand

MYB transcription factors regulate diverse aspects of plant development and secondary metabolism,often by partnering in transcriptional regulatory ***,we harness genomic resources to identify novel MYBs,thereby producing an updated eudicot MYB phylogeny with revised relationships among subgroups as well as new information on sequence variation in the disordered c-terminus of anthocyanin-activating ***®and hidden Markov model scans of gene annotations identified a total of 714 MYB transcription factors across the genomes of four crops that span the eudicots:apple,grape,kiwifruit and *** model-based phylogenetic inference identified novel members of previously defined subgroups,and the function of specific anthocyanin-activating subgroup 6 members was assayed transiently in tobacco *** conservation within subgroup 6 highlighted one previously described and two novel short linear motifs in the disordered c-terminal *** novel motifs have a mix of hydrophobic and acidic residues and are predicted to be relatively ordered compared with flanking protein *** of motifs with the Eukaryotic Linear Motif database suggests roles in protein–protein *** of motifs and their flanking regions from strong anthocyanin activators into weak activators,and vice versa,affected *** conclude that,although the MYB c-terminal sequence diverges greatly even within MYB clades,variation within the c-terminus at and near relatively ordered regions offers opportunities for exploring MYB function and developing superior alleles for plant breeding.

关键词： phylogeny metabolism thereby

Influence of geography and climate on patterns of cell size and body size in the lizard Anolis carolinensis

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第2期8卷 184-196页

作者： Rachel M.GOODMAN Arthur c.EcHTERNAcHT Jim c.HALL Lihan D.DENG jessica N.WELcH Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA Department of Biochemistry and cellular and Molecular Biology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA

Geographic patterns in body size are often associated with latitude,elevation,or environmental and climatic *** study investigated patterns of body size and cell size of the green anole lizard,Anolis carolinensis,and potential associations with geography or climatic *** were sampled from 19 populations across the native range,and body size,red blood cell size and size and number of muscle cells were *** data from local weather stations and latitude and longitude were entered into model selection with Akaike’s information criterion to explain patterns in cell and body *** variables did not drive any major patterns in cell size or body size;rather,latitude and longitude were the best predictors of cell and body *** general,smaller body and cell sizes in Florida anoles drove geographic patterns in *** size in Florida may be attributable to�q�the�geological history of the peninsular state or�the�unique ecological factors in this area,including a recently introduced *** contrast to previous studies,we found that *** does not follow Bergmann’s rule when the influence of Florida is ***,the opposite pattern of larger lizards in southern populations is evident in the absence of Florida populations,and mirrors the general pattern in *** cell size was negatively related to latitude and red blood cell size showed no latitudinal trend outside of *** patterns in the sizes of the 2 cell types confirm the importance of examining multiple cell types when studying geographic variation in cell size.

关键词： Bergmann’s rule ecogeographic pattern latitude longitude reptile temperature

Muscle force and movement variability before and after total knee arthroplasty: A review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第2期5卷 69-79页

作者： jessica W Smith Jesse c christensen Robin L Marcus Paul c LaStayo Department of Bioengineering University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108-1290 United States Department of Physical Therapy University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108-1290 United States Department of Orthopedics University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108-1290 United States Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108-1290 United States

Variability in muscle force output and movement variability are important aspects of identifying individuals with mobility deficits, central nervous system impairments, and future risk of falling. This has been investigated in elderly healthy and impaired adults, as well as in adults with osteoarthritis(OA), but the question of whether the same correlations also apply to those who have undergone a surgical intervention such as total knee arthroplasty(TKA) is still being investigated. While there is a growing body of literature identifying potential rehabilitation targets for individuals who have undergone TKA, it is important to first understand the underlying post-operative impairments to more efficiently target functional deficits that may lead to improvedlong-term outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review the potential role of muscle force output and movement variability in TKA recipients. The narrative review relies on existing literature in elderly healthy and impaired individuals, as well as in those with OA before and following TKA. The variables that may predict longterm functional abilities and deficits are discussed in the context of existing literature in healthy older adults and older adults with OA and following TKA, as well as the role future research in this field may play in providing evidence-based data for improved rehabilitation targets.

关键词： Osteoarthritis Elderly Total knee arthroplasty Movement variability