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Universal soldier： Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- an opportunistic generalist

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第4期8卷 387-394页

作者： jeremy GROss Ian J. PAssMORE Jade C. s. CHUNG Olena RZHEPIsHEVsKA Madeleine RAMsTEDT Martin WELCH Department of Biochemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1QW UK Department of Chemistry Umed University Umed 901 87 Sweden

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly causes chronic and ultimately deadly lung infections in individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis （CF）. P. aeruginosa is metabolically diverse; it displays a remarkable ability to adapt to and successfully occupy almost any niche, including the ecologically complex CF lung. These P. aeruginosa lung infections are a fascinating example of microbial evolution within a ＂natural＂ ecosystem. Initially, P. aeruginosa shares the lung niche with a plethora of other microorganisms and is vulnerable to antibiotic challenges. Over time, adaptive evolution leads to certain commonly-observed phenotypic changes within the P. aeruginosa population, some of which render it resistant to antibiotics and apparently help it to out-compete the other species that co-habit the airways. Improving genomics techniques continue to elucidate the evolutionary mechanisms of P. aeruginosa within the CF lung and will hopefully identify new vulnerabilities in this robust and versatile pathogen.

关键词： Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis evolution adaptive radiation antibiotic resistance quorum sensing

Role of phenotypic plasticity in morphological differentiation between watersnake populations

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第4期15卷 329-337页

作者： Ian T.CLIFTON jeremy D.CHAMBERLAIN Matthew E.GIFFORD Department of Biology University of Central ArkansasConwayArkansasUSA Department of Biology Southern Arkansas UniversityMagnoliaArkansasUSA Department of Environmental sciences University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA

An individual’s morphology is shaped by the environmental pressures it experiences,and the resulting morphological response is the culmination of both genetic factors and environmental(non-genetic)conditions experienced early in its life(*** plasticity).The role that phenotypic plasticity plays in shaping phenotypes is important,but evidence for its influence is often *** exposed female neonate diamond-backed watersnakes(Nerodia rhombifer)from populations experiencing different prey-size regimes to different feeding treatments to test the influence of phenotypic plasticity in shaping trophic *** found that snakes in a large-prey treatment from a population frequently encountering large prey exhibited a higher growth rate in body size than individuals in a small-prey treatment from the same *** pattern was not observed in snakes from a population that regularly encounters small *** also found that regardless of treatment,snakes from the smallprey population were smaller at birth than snakes from the large-prey population and remained so throughout the *** results suggest that the ability to plastically respond to environmental pressures may be population*** results also indicate a genetic predisposition towards larger body sizes in a population where large prey items are more common.

关键词： common garden diamond-backed watersnake local adaptation phenotypic plasticity trophic morphology

The reproductive biology of a Central American cichlid Neetroplus nematopus in Lake Xiloá ,Nicaragua

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 43-51页

作者： Kenneth R.McKAYE jeremy HALE Eric P.van den BERGHE World Wide Fund for Nature Finland Universidad de Centroamericana Department of Mathematics Science and Technology Ave Maria University Latin American Campus

This study was conducted to provide a five-year database on the breeding seasonality and breeding biology of a Central American cichlid fish Neetroplus nematopus, a biparental substratum-spawning cichlid that cares for its eggs, wrigglers, and fry for up to six weeks. A total of 503 breeding pairs were monitored for breeding success. Breeding pairs of N. nematopus are sexually dimorphic in size, with females averaging 39% of male body mass. Fry emerged from 85% of nesting cavities. After three weeks, only 30% of the broods were present in the nesting cavity; these broods had a 30% survival rate, giving a 9% overall survival rate. Nineteen percent of the successful parents with three-week-old broods adopted foreign fry. A consistent unimodal breeding peak in December was observed for five years. This breeding peak differed dramatically from the bimodal breeding season 20 years found in the 1970s. The effects of extensive grenade fishing practices during the 1980s might have played a substantial role in the observed change. Grenade fishing stopped in 1991, and the number ofN. nematopus pairs increased by 136% from 1990 to 1995. With increased density of breeding fish, the breeding season for this species also expanded. The balance between divergent selection due to competition for breeding sites and stabilizing selection due to predation pressure on offspring is likely to mold the breeding season for N. nematopus and other cichlids of Lake Xilofi. We suggest that brood adoption and synchrony of breeding is a strategy to reduce predation on the parent＇s own young [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 43-51 2010].

关键词： Nicaragua Cichlids Breeding Reproduction synchrony seasonality

Placental accommodations for transport and metabolism during intra-uterine crowding in pigs

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 163-176页

作者： Jeffrey L Vallet Anthony K Mc Neel jeremy R Miles Bradley A Freking U.s. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service U.S. Meat Animal Research CenterState Spur 18D Clay Center NE 68933 USA

Litter size and birth weights are limited by uterine capacity, defined as the ability of the uterus to maintain the appropriate development of some number of conceptuses. Uterine capacity is the result of the combined effects of uterine, placental and embryo/fetal function. The number of living conceptuses that the uterus is capable of supporting is greater during early gestation compared to later gestation. Plots of log fetal weight versus log placental weight also indicate that fetal weights are less sensitive to reduced placental weight （and therefore reduced intrauterine space） in early gestation compared to late gestation. However, even in late gestation, mechanisms still exist that maintain fetal growth when the size of the placenta is reduced. One such mechanism is likely to be improved development of the folded placental-epithelial/maternal-epithelial bilayer. Fold depth, and therefore the maternal fetal interactive surface, increases as gestation advances and is greater in placenta from smal fetuses. On the fetal side of the placenta, the epithelial bilayer is embedded in stromal tissue. Glycosaminoglycans are major components of stroma, including hyaluronan and heparan sulfate. Hyaluronidases and heparanases are present within placental tissues, and likely play roles in modification of stromal components to facilitate fold development. Glycosaminoglycans are polymers of forms of glucose （glucosamine, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid） suggesting that glycosaminoglycan synthesis may compete with the glucose needs of the developing fetus. Pig conceptuses are fructogenic, such that a substantial portion of glucose transferred from mother to fetus is converted to fructose. Fructose is an intermediate product in the synthesis of glucosamine from glucose, and glucosamine is linked to regulation of trophoblast cell proliferation through regulation of mTOR. These findings suggest a link between glucose, fructose, glucosamine synthesis, GAG production, and placental m

关键词： Glycosaminoglycans Nutrient transport Placenta

Glucosamine supplementation during late gestation alters placental development and increases litter size

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 135-144页

作者： Jeffrey L.Vallet jeremy R.Miles Bradley A.Freking shane Meyer UsDA ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARQ P.O. Box 166 Clay Center NE Nebraska 68933 USA Plymouth Ag Group Diller NE Nebraska 68342 USA

Background： During late gestation the placental epithelial interface becomes highly folded, which involves changes in stromal hyaluronan. Hyaluronan is composed of glucoronate and N-acetyl-glucosamine. We hypothesized that supplementing gestating dams with glucosamine during this time would support placental folded-epithelial-bilayer development and increase litter size. In Exp. 1, gilts were unilaterally hysterectomizedovariectomized（UHO）. UHO gilts were mated and then supplemented daily with 10 g glucosamine（n = 16） or glucose（control, n = 17） from d 85 of gestation until slaughter（d 105）. At slaughter, the number of live fetuses was recorded and each live fetus and its placenta was weighed. Uterine wall samples adjacent to the largest and smallest fetuses within each litter were processed for histology. In Exp. 2, pregnant sows in a commercial sow farm were supplemented with either 10 g glucosamine or glucose daily from d 85 of gestation to farrowing. Total piglets born and born alive were recorded for each litter. In Exp. 3, the same commercial farm and same protocol were used except that the dose of glucosamine and glucose was doubled to 20 g/***： In Exp. 1, the number of live fetuses tended to be greater in glucosamine-treated UHO gilts（P = 0.098）.Placental morphometry indicated that the width of the folded bilayer was greater（P = 0.05） in glucosamine-treated gilts. In Exp. 2, litter size did not differ between glucosamine-and glucose-treated sows. However in Exp. 3, the increased dose of glucosamine resulted in a significant treatment by parity interaction（P ≤ 0.01）, in which total piglets born and born alive were greater in glucosamine treated sows of later parity（5 and 6）.Conclusions： These results indicated that glucosamine supplementation increased the width of the folds of the placental bilayer and increased litter size in later parity, intact pregnant commercial sows.

关键词： Fructose Glucosamine Hyaluronan swine Uterine capacity

Anticoagulation in simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation - On what basis?

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World Journal of Transplantation 2020年第7期10卷 206-214页

作者： Jeevan Prakash Gopal Frank JMF Dor jeremy s Crane Paul E Herbert Vassilios E Papalois Anand sR Muthusamy Imperial College Renal and Transplant Center Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustHammersmith HospitalLondon W120HSUnited Kingdom Department of surgery and Cancer Imperial CollegeLondon W120HSUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Despite technical refinements,early pancreas graft loss due to thrombosis continues to *** coagulation tests(CCT)do not detect hypercoagulability and hence the hypercoagulable state due to diabetes is left ***(TEG)is an in-vitro diagnostic test which is used in liver transplantation,and in various intensive care settings to guide *** is better than CCT because it is dynamic and provides a global hemostatic profile including *** To compare the outcomes between TEG and CCT(prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time and international normalized ratio)directed anticoagulation in simultaneous pancreas and kidney(sPK)transplant *** A single center retrospective analysis comparing the outcomes between TEG and CCT-directed anticoagulation in sPK recipients,who were matched for donor age and graft type(donors after brainstem death and donors after circulatory death).Anticoagulation consisted of intravenous(IV)heparin titrated up to a maximum of 500 IU/h based on CCT in conjunction with various clinical parameters or directed by TEG *** loss due to thrombosis,anticoagulation related bleeding,radiological incidence of partial thrombi in the pancreas graft,thrombus resolution rate after anticoagulation dose escalation,length of the hospital stays and,1-year pancreas and kidney graft survival between the two groups were *** seventeen patients who received TEG-directed anticoagulation were compared against 51 contemporaneous sPK recipients(ratio of 1:3)who were anticoagulated based on *** graft losses occurred in the TEG group,whereas 11 grafts(7 pancreases and 4 kidneys)were lost due to thrombosis in the CCT group(P=0.06,Fisher’s exact test).The overall incidence of anticoagulation related bleeding(hematoma/gastrointestinal bleeding/hematuria/nose bleeding/re-exploration for bleeding/post-operative blood transfusion)was 17.65%in the TEG group and 45

关键词： Anticoagulation Pancreas transplantation Thromboelastography Thrombosis Hypercoagulability

Longitudinal changes in cardiac function in the very elderly: the Jerusalem longitudinal cohort study

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第11期16卷 800-805页

作者： David Leibowitz Irit stessman-Lande Hend sliman jeremy M Jacobs Jochanan stessman Dan Gilon Jerusalem Institute of Aging Research Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterMount-ScopusJerusalemIsrael Coronary Care Unit Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical CenterMount-ScopusJerusalemIsrael Department of Geriatrics and Rehabilitation Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterMount-ScopusJerusalemIsrael

Background People over the age of 85 are a rapidly growing age group with a high incidence of congestive heart failure(CHF),in particular heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFp EF).The diagnosis of CHF is challenging and longitudinal data assessing cardiac structure and function are necessary to distinguish physiologic from pathologic cardiac *** objective of the study was to determine longitudinal changes in cardiac struture and function from ages 85 to 94 years using home *** subjects were recruited from the Jerusalem Longitudinal Cohort *** three members of the initial cohort(32 F,31 M)who underwent home echocardiography at age 85 were the subjects of the current study and underwent repeat home 2-D and Doppler echocardiographic assessment at age *** There were no significant longitudinal changes in left ventricular mass index(LVMI),however LV end-diastolic volume significantly decreased from 113.4±30 to 103.6±35.5 m L(Pstable,however longitudinal systolic function significantly decreased with age from 7.9±1.8 to 6.6±1.4 cm/s2(Pstolic function as assessed by increased E:e’(11.2±3.4 to 16±7.5,Psed left atrial volume index(34.1±11.3 to 42.4±13.7 m L/m^2,Ps reduced with *** This study demonstrated preserved EF with decreased longitudinal systolic function and diastolic function without significant change in LV *** in LV function in the very elderly may be independent of changes in LV geometry.

关键词： Echocardiography The elderly Ventricular function

Designing a locating-routing three-echelon supply chain network under uncertainty

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2022年第4期15卷 562-588页

作者： Leila Hashemi Armin Mahmoodi Milad Jasemi Richard C.Millar jeremy Laliberte Department of Industrial Management Islamic Azad University South Tehran BranchTehranIslamic Republic of Iran Department of Industrial Management Islamic Azad University ofMasjid-i-SoliemanMasjid-i-SoliemanIslamic Republic of Iran stephens College of Business University of MontevalloMontevalloAlabamaUSA Department of Engineering Management and systems Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada

Purpose-In the present research,location and routing problems,as well as the supply chain,which includes manufacturers,distributor candidate sites and retailers,are *** goal of addressing the issue is to reduce delivery times and systemcosts for retailers so that routing and distributor locationmay be ***/methodology/approach-By adding certain unique criteria and limits,the issue becomes more *** expect simultaneous deliveries and pickups,and retail service start times have soft and hard time *** expenses,noncompliance with the soft time window,distributor construction,vehicle purchase or leasing,andmanufacturing costs are all part of the system *** problem’s conceptual model is developed and modeled first,and then General Algebraic Modeling system software(GAMs)and Multiple Objective Particle swarm Optimization(MOPsO)and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NsGAII)algorithms are used to solve it in small ***-According to the mathematical model’s solution,the average error of the two suggested methods,in contrast to the exact answer,is less than 0.7%.In addition,the performance of algorithms in terms of deviation from the GAMs exact solution is pretty satisfactory,with a divergence of 0.4%for the biggest problem(N 5100).As a result,NsGAII is shown to be superior to *** limitations/implications-since this paper deals with two bi-objective models,the priorities of decision-makers in selecting the best solution were not taken into account,and each of the objective functions was given an equal weight based on the weighting *** model has not been compared or studied in both robust and deterministic *** is because,with the exception of the variable that indicates traffic mode uncertainty,all variables are deterministic,and the uncertainty character of demand in each level of the supply chain is *** implications-The suggested model’s conclusions

关键词： Metaheuristic algorithms Time windows supply chain management Robust optimization Location-routing problems

Coastal protection using building with nature concept:A case study from Chongming Dongtan shoal,China

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Acta Oceanologica sinica 2021年第10期40卷 152-166页

作者： Zhentao Chong Min Zhang Jiahong Wen Luyang Wang Jie Mi jeremy Bricker stanley Nmor Zhijun Dai school of Environmental and Geographical sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China state Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research(East China Normal University) Shanghai 200241China Department of Hydraulic Engineering Delft University of Technology2628 CN DelftThe Netherlands Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Estuarine and Delta systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research4400 AC YersekeThe Netherlands

With climate change and rising sea levels,the coastal zone’s flood risk is *** researches have shown a gradually degrading capacity of traditional hard engineering structures(e.g.,seawall,dikes)on flood mitigation due to problems such as land subsidence and insufficient *** remedy the defects,the"building with nature concept"for coastal protection with saltmarshes was examined by combining field measurements and numerical *** advantages of saltmarsh over traditional seawall on flood protection was demonstrated from the perspective of both flood area mitigation and economic gain,based on scenario *** show that tidal wetlands are essential in mitigating significant wave heights(Hs)and current velocities even during storm *** storm wave and current velocity reduction ratio(RRw and RRc)by saltmarshes on Chongming Dongtan shoal(CMDs)during Typhoon 9711 is approximately 11%and 51%,*** wave and current mitigation by scirpus mariqueter are more efficient than spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis during measurements in 2010,which were approximately 0.3 m and 0.2 m/s,0.125 m and 0.155 m/s,0.086 m and 0.128 m/s per kilometer width,*** summer saltmarsh area 54.2 km2 on CMDs protects approximately 32 km^(2)land area behind the seawall from being flooded,equivalent to the seawall heightening of approximately 0.42 m on equivalent flood *** performance of cost-and-benefit analysis shows a relatively higher(by 3%–7%)net present value(NPV)and a higher(by 1.5 times)benefit-cost ratio(BC)of nature-based solution(i.e.,saltmarsh restoration)compared with traditional hard engineering solution(i.e.,seawall construction).Thus,building seawall with nature,such as a hybrid flood protection measure,should be implemented in the future coastal redesign and maintenance.

关键词： nature-based flood protection storm wave mitigation numerical simulation cost-benefit analysis Chongming Dongtan shoal