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Universal soldier： Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- an opportunistic generalist

Frontiers in Biology 2013年第4期8卷 387-394页

作者： jeremy gross Ian J. PASSMORE Jade C. S. CHUNG Olena RZHEPISHEVSKA Madeleine RAMSTEDT Martin WELCH Department of Biochemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1QW UK Department of Chemistry Umed University Umed 901 87 Sweden

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly causes chronic and ultimately deadly lung infections in individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis （CF）. P. aeruginosa is metabolically diverse; it displays a remarkable ability to adapt to and successfully occupy almost any niche, including the ecologically complex CF lung. These P. aeruginosa lung infections are a fascinating example of microbial evolution within a ＂natural＂ ecosystem. Initially, P. aeruginosa shares the lung niche with a plethora of other microorganisms and is vulnerable to antibiotic challenges. Over time, adaptive evolution leads to certain commonly-observed phenotypic changes within the P. aeruginosa population, some of which render it resistant to antibiotics and apparently help it to out-compete the other species that co-habit the airways. Improving genomics techniques continue to elucidate the evolutionary mechanisms of P. aeruginosa within the CF lung and will hopefully identify new vulnerabilities in this robust and versatile pathogen.

关键词： Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis evolution adaptive radiation antibiotic resistance quorum sensing

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Correlation between the proportion of breast volume involved by locally advanced tumors and invasion of the skin and posterior structures

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012年第3期3卷 43-47页

作者： Parastoo B Dahi Komal P Dhiran Constantine A Axiotis jeremy Weedon Mahmoud El-Tamer Gurinder Sidhu Albert S Braverman Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Medicine Downstate Medical College of the State university of NY Brooklyn NY 11203 United States Division of Surgical Pathology Kings County Hospital Center Department of Pathology Downstate Medical College of the State University of NY Brooklyn NY 11203 United States Scientific Computing Center Downstate Medical College of the State university of NY Brooklyn NY 11203 United States Breast Surgery Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York NY 10065 United States

AIM: To evaluate any differences between the percentages of involved breast volume, pathologic attributes,and tumor marker expression of T3 and T4a-c tumors in locally advanced breast cancers(BC).METHODS: All patients with T3 N > 0 and T4a-c BC without evidence of distant metastasis(M0), presenting to the Breast Clinic from 1980 to 2010, were examinedto determine whether their BC's involved ≥ 50% of their breast volumes, defined by gross replacement of at least one hemisphere. Core needle biopsy or postmastectomy specimens from tumors involving a known percent of breast volume were evaluated for:(1)pathological grades and lympho-vascular invasion(LVI);(2) hormone receptor(ER/PR) expression > 0; and(3)epidermoid growth factor 2(her2) over-expression(3+)by immune-histochemical staining or fluorescent in situ ***: The data base included 98 patients with T3N> 0 M0 and 120 with T4a-c, any N disease, M0 disease. T3 tumor masses involved 50% or more of the breast in 23/98(24%), and T4a-c tumors 65/120(54%)(P < 0.001). Only 1% of T3 tumors and 23% of T4a-c tumors presented with total breast replacement. There were no significant differences between the pathological attributes and marker expression of the T3 and T4a-c ***: These data suggest that erosion of the overlying skin or underlying chest wall by some BC may be due to neglect and delay, rather than inherent biological aggressiveness.

关键词： Breast cancer Locally advanced breast cancer Breast cancer size

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