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卫生信息学基础知识(三) 转诊还是随诊?

英国医学杂志中文版 2006年第3期9卷 171-173页

作者： Frank Sullivan jeremy c wyatt 刘昕超 NHS Tayside professor of research and development in general practice and primary care professor of health informatics University of Dundee

简介相信任何医生都不愿意被患者问到这样的问题:对于这种可以控制的疾病,如果能早期发现或转诊的话,是不是就可以避免其发展了呢?如果仅从目前得到的信息来看,答案常常是肯定的.之所以得到的答案是有条件的,是因为医生通常并不清楚患... 详细信息

简介相信任何医生都不愿意被患者问到这样的问题:对于这种可以控制的疾病,如果能早期发现或转诊的话,是不是就可以避免其发展了呢?如果仅从目前得到的信息来看,答案常常是肯定的.之所以得到的答案是有条件的,是因为医生通常并不清楚患者在早期就诊时的具体情况.如果再涉及信任、职业道德和法律问题,事情就更加复杂了.

关键词：卫生信息学基础知识转诊随诊早期发现法律问题职业道德患者医生

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卫生信息学基础知识(一)什么是卫生信息?

英国医学杂志中文版 2006年第1期9卷 40-43页

作者： jeremy c wyatt Frank Sullivan 张旭喆（译）邢刚（校）不详 professor of health informatics University of Dundee． NHS Tayside professor of research and development in general practice andprimary care University of Dundee.

信息是一种非物质的商品,一种定义将它描述为用智能系统(人类及人工智能系统)帮助决策的数据和知识。卫生信息学通过帮助医生更好地利用信息,也就是使患者数据及医学知识的获取、加工、交流及应用更加有效,来帮助医生做出决定和采取行动... 详细信息

信息是一种非物质的商品,一种定义将它描述为用智能系统(人类及人工智能系统)帮助决策的数据和知识。卫生信息学通过帮助医生更好地利用信息,也就是使患者数据及医学知识的获取、加工、交流及应用更加有效,来帮助医生做出决定和采取行动,并改善患者的预后。随着互联网技术使患者越来越容易获得医学信息,这些挑战性的事业已变得日益莺要。[第一段]

关键词：卫生信息学基础知识智能系统互联网技术利用信息医学知识医学信息患者医生

卫生信息学基础知识(四) 继续教育:在工作中学习

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英国医学杂志中文版 2006年第4期9卷 242-245页

作者： jeremy c wyatt Frank Sullivan 邢刚（译）刘昕超（校） professor of health informatics University of Dundee NHS Tayside professor of research and development in general practice andprimary care University of Dundee 不详

生物医学相关知识的数量每过20年就会增加一倍，我们可以想象，当学生们从医学院毕业时，各种新型药物（如磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂）可能也问世了；当医生们结束专业训练进入实际工作中时，他们就会遇到知识老化的危险。因此，医学继续教育... 详细信息

生物医学相关知识的数量每过20年就会增加一倍，我们可以想象，当学生们从医学院毕业时，各种新型药物（如磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂）可能也问世了；当医生们结束专业训练进入实际工作中时，他们就会遇到知识老化的危险。因此，医学继续教育或者职业继续拓展活动可以帮助医生不断地学习和提高技能。这些活动包括讲课、会议、远程教育、每周大查房、期刊俱乐部和利用互联网。在很多国家，医生若想继续行医就必须具有参加过这些活动的证明。尽管这些活动可以增长知识，但它们对临床实践的影响却不尽相同。

关键词：医学继续教育基础知识卫生信息学学习磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂生物医学新型药物专业训练知识老化远程教育

Systematic Radio Telescope Alignment Using Portable Fringe Projection Profilometry

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第1期7卷 75-85页

作者： Joel Berkson Justin Hyatt Nathan Julicher Byeongjoon Jeong Isaac Pimienta Rachel Ball wyatt Ellis Jason Voris Diego Torres‑Barajas Daewook Kim James c.Wyant college of Optical Sciences University of Arizona1630 E.University Blvd.TucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Astronomy at Steward Observatory University of Arizona933 N Cherry Ave.TucsonAZ 85721USA

In 2019,the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)released the first-ever image of a black hole event *** are now aiming for higher angular resolutions of distant targets,like black holes,to understand more about the fundamental laws of gravity that govern our *** achieve this higher resolution and increased sensitivity,larger radio telescopes are needed to operate at higher frequencies and in larger *** like the next-generation Very Large Array(ngVLA)and the Square-Kilometer Array(SKA)require building hundreds of telescopes with diameters greater than 10 ms over the next *** has a twofold *** telescope surfaces need to be more accurate to operate at higher frequencies,and the logistics involved in maintaining a radio telescope need to be simplified to support them properly in large *** of these problems can be solved with improved methods for surface metrology that are faster and more accurate with a higher *** leads to faster and more accurate panel alignment and,therefore,a more productive *** this paper,we present the use of binocular fringe projection profilometry as a solution to this problem and demonstrate it by aligning two panels on a 3-m radio telescope *** measurement takes only 10 min and directly delivers feedback on the tip,tilt,and piston of each panel to create the ideal reflector shape.

关键词： Metrology Fringe projection profilometry Off-axis alignment Radio astronomy Radio antenna

Free-electron crystals for enhanced X-ray radiation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1299-1309页

作者： Lee Wei Wesley Wong Xihang Shi Aviv Karnieli jeremy Lim Suraj Kumar Sergio carbajo Ido Kaminer Liang Jie Wong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore. Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and computer Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel. School of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA. Science Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore 487372Singapore. Electrical and computer Engineering Department UCLA420 WestwoodLos AngelesCA 90095USA. Physics and Astronomy Department UCLA475 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA. SLAc National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA 94025USA

Bremsstrahlung—the spontaneous emission of broadband radiation from free electrons that are deflected by atomic nuclei—contributes to the majority of X-rays emitted from X-ray tubes and used in applications ranging from medical imaging to semiconductor chip ***,we show that the bremsstrahlung intensity can be enhanced significantly—by more than three orders of magnitude—through shaping the electron wavefunction to periodically overlap with atoms in crystalline ***,we show how to shape the bremsstrahlung X-ray emission pattern into arbitrary angular emission profiles for purposes such as unidirectionality and ***,we find that these enhancements and shaped emission profiles cannot be attributed solely to the spatial overlap between the electron probability distribution and the atomic centers,as predicted by the paraxial and nonrecoil theory for free electron light *** work highlights an unprecedented regime of free electron light emission where electron waveshaping provides multi-dimensional control over practical radiation processes like *** results pave the way towards greater versatility in table-top X-ray sources and improved fundamental understanding of quantum electron-light interactions.

关键词： overlap attributed arbitrary

Multivariate relationships between microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanisms in laser powder bed fusion of Al-Mn-Sc alloy:towards improved fatigue performance

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第1期5卷 3-18页

作者： Huaping Tang chaofeng Gao Shiheng Zhang Xiaojing Xiong Sheng cao Xiaopeng Wu Yunjie Bi jeremy Heng Rao Institute of Advanced Additive Manufacturing Ji Hua LaboratoryFoshanGuangdong528200China Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringShantou UniversityShantouGuangdong515063China School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

The effects of direct aging treatment(at 300°c for 5 hours)on selective laser melted(SLMed)Al-4.5Mn-1.5Mg-0.9Sc-0.2Zr alloy were investigated in this work,with the microstructure,fatigue behaviors,and fracture characteristics examined to determine the primary cause of fatigue crack *** results revealed that the microstructure of the investigated alloy comprised fine equiaxed and columnar *** aging treatment,a significant number of nano-scaled Al3(Sc,Zr)precipitates were dispersed within the grains,leading to a substantial increase in *** yield strength improved from 431 MPa to 568 MPa,representing an increase of more than 32%,while the fatigue strength improved from 180 MPa to 220 MPa after aging ***,the fracture toughness decreased significantly from 25.1 MPa·√m to 12.3 MPa·√*** results of the fatigue fracture characteristics indicate that the Mn-rich phase and the formation of defects such as pores and poor powder fusion are the sources of fatigue *** direct aging treatment can significantly increase the yield strength,decrease the rate of fatigue crack propagation,and thus improve the fatigue performance,it deteriorates the fracture toughness,and thus shortens the fatigue life of the alloy as well.

关键词： Selective laser melting Al-Mn-Sc alloys High-cycle fatigue

Metal to insulator transition for conducting polymers in plasmonic nanogaps

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 23-32页

作者： Yuling Xiong Rohit chikkaraddy charlie Readman Shu Hu Kunli Xiong Jialong Peng Qianqi Lin jeremy J.Baumberg NanoPhotonics centre Cavendish LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB30HEUK School of Physics&Astronomy University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK college of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group Department of Molecules and MaterialsMESA+Institute for NanotechnologyMolecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano SystemsFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeNetherlands

conjugated polymers are promising material candidates for many future applications in flexible displays, organic circuits, and sensors. Their performance is strongly affected by their structural conformation including both electrical and optical anisotropy. Particularly for thin layers or close to crucial interfaces, there are few methods to track their organization and functional behaviors. Here we present a platform based on plasmonic nanogaps that can assess the chemical structure and orientation of conjugated polymers down to sub-10 nm thickness using light. We focus on a representative conjugated polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), of varying thickness (2-20 nm) while it undergoes redox in situ. This allows dynamic switching of the plasmonic gap spacer through a metal-insulator transition. Both dark-field (DF) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra track the optical anisotropy and orientation of polymer chains close to a metallic interface. Moreover, we demonstrate how this influences both optical and redox switching for nanothick PEDOT devices.

关键词： transition insulator conjugated

capturing cO2 Emissions in the George c. Wallace Tunnel: A case Study

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Intelligent control and Automation 2024年第3期15卷 83-94页

作者： Gabe canitz cole ciesta Klint Green Justin Sanders Jason Valencia jeremy Willingham Daniel Fonseca Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA

This paper describes the design of a ventilation system to be paired with a carbon capture system. The ventilation system utilizes the geometry of the George c. Wallace tunnel, located in the city of Mobile, Alabama, USA to capture and redirect emissions to a direct air capture (DAc) device to sequester 25% of the total cO2 mass generated from inside the tunnel. The total cO2 mass rate for the westbound traffic between the week-day hours of 7 a.m. and 6 p.m. has been estimated between 2,300 to 3,000 lbs./hr. By sequestering these emissions, the overall surrounding air quality was shown to be improved to a level that mirrors that from the pre-US industrial era of 270 ppm.

关键词： cO2 capture Tunnel Ventilation Air Flow Analysis Jet Fan Sizing

Magnetic systems for cancer immunotherapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第8期11卷 2172-2196页

作者： Nicole B.Day William c.Wixson c.wyatt Shields IV Department of chemical&Biological Engineering University of ColoradoBoulderCO 80303USA

Immunotherapy is a rapidly developing area of cancer treatment due to its higher specificity and potential for greater efficacy than traditional *** cell modulation through the administration of drugs,proteins,and cells can enhance antitumoral responses through pathways that may be otherwise inhibited in the presence of immunosuppressive *** systems offer several advantages for improving the performance of immunotherapies,including increased spatiotemporal control over transport,release,and dosing of immunomodulatory drugs within the body,resulting in reduced off-target effects and improved *** to alternative methods for stimulating drug release such as light and pH,magnetic systems enable several distinct methods for programming immune ***,we discuss how magnetic hyperthermia can stimulate immune cells and trigger thermoresponsive drug ***,we summarize how magnetically targeted delivery of drug carriers can increase the accumulation of drugs in target ***,we review how biomaterials can undergo magnetically driven structural changes to enable remote release of encapsulated ***,we describe the use of magnetic particles for targeted interactions with cellular receptors for promoting antitumor ***,we discuss translational considerations of these systems,such as toxicity,clinical compatibility,and future opportunities for improving cancer treatment.

关键词： Drug delivery Immunotherapy Magnetic hyperthermia Magnetic nanoparticles Microrobotics Biomaterials