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Network Traffic Obfuscation System for IIoT-Cloud Control Systems

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 4911-4929页

作者： Yangjae Lee Sung Hoon Baek Jung Taek seo Ki-Woong Park SysCore Lab. Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Computer System Engineering Jungwon UniversityChungcheongbuk-do28024Korea Department of Computer Engineering Gachon UniversityGyeonggi-do13120Korea

One of the latest technologies enabling remote control,operational efficiency upgrades,and real-time big-data monitoring in an industrial control system(ICS)is the IIoT-Cloud ICS,which integrates the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)and the cloud into the *** an ICS benefits from the application of IIoT and the cloud in terms of cost reduction,efficiency improvement,and real-time monitoring,the application of this technology to an ICS poses an unprecedented security risk by exposing its terminal devices to the outside *** adversary can collect information regarding senders,recipients,and prime-time slots through traffic analysis and use it as a linchpin for the next attack,posing a potential threat to the *** address this problem,we designed a network traffic obfuscation system(NTOS)for the IIoT-Cloud ICS,based on the requirements derived from the ICS characteristics and limitations of existing NTOS *** a strategy to solve this problem wherein a decrease in the traffic volume facilitates traffic analysis or reduces the packet transmission speed,we proposed an NTOS based on packet scrambling,wherein a packet is split into multiple pieces before transmission,thus obfuscating network *** minimize the ICS modification and downtime,the proposed NTOS was designed using an agentbased *** addition,for the ICS network traffic analyzer to operate normally in an environment wherein the NTOS is applied,a rule-based NTOS was adopted such that the actual traffic flow is known only to the device that is aware of the rule and is blocked for *** experimental results verified that the same time requested for response and level of difficulty of analysis were maintained by the application of an NTOS based on packet scrambling,even when the number of requests received by the server per second was *** network traffic analyzer of the ICS can capture the packet flow by using the pre-communicated NTOS *** addition,by designing an N

关键词： Cloud computing system moving-target defense container orchestration

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Delayed inflammatory response evoked in nasal alloplastic implants after COVID-19 vaccination: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第23期10卷 8298-8303页

作者： Min-Gi seo Eun Kyung Choi Kyu Jin Chung Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery College of MedicineYeungnam UniversityDaegu 42415South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine College of MedicineYeungnam UniversityDaegu 42415South Korea

BACKGROUND Delayed inflammatory reactions(DIRs)in alloplast rhinoplasty are a rare complication that may occur several months to years after *** exact causes and mechanisms are unclear,but several triggering factors,including infections,trauma,dental procedures,and vaccination,have been *** SUMMARY A 39-year-old male patient who had undergone augmentation rhinoplasty 8 years ago had DIRs after the administration of the first dose of the mRNA Pfizer coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** suddenly had tender,erythematous swelling on his face 6 d after *** there was no improvement in the patient’s condition after the conservative treatment,surgical removal of an alloplastic nasal implant was *** after the surgery,the DIRs and accompanying symptoms ameliorated rapidly.A histological study conducted during surgery was fibrosis and small fragments of the hyaline *** The correlation between DIRs and COVID-19 vaccination has not been reported yet and the exact mechanism is *** the uncontrolled inflammatory reactions on the nose leave serious sequelae,surgeons should be conscious of the correlation between COVID-19 vaccines and DIRs associated with nasal alloplastic *** further histological or microbiological studies should be performed to determine the cause of DIRs.

关键词： Delayed inflammatory reactions Alloplast rhinoplasty Silicone COVID-19 Vaccination Case report

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An Efficient and Robust Hand Gesture Recognition System of Sign Language Employing Finetuned Inception-V3 and Efficientnet-B0 Network

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第9期46卷 3509-3525页

作者： Adnan Hussain Sareer Ul Amin Muhammad Fayaz Sanghyun seo Department of Computer Science Islamia College UniversityPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul06974Korea Department of Computer Engineering Cyprus International UniversityLefkosa99010Rep.of North Cyprus College of Art and Technology Chung-Ang.UniversityAnseong17546Korea

Hand Gesture Recognition(HGR)is a promising research area with an extensive range of applications,such as surgery,video game techniques,and sign language translation,where sign language is a complicated structured form of hand *** fundamental building blocks of structured expressions in sign language are the arrangement of the fingers,the orientation of the hand,and the hand’s position concerning the *** importance of HGR has increased due to the increasing number of touchless applications and the rapid growth of the hearing-impaired ***,real-time HGR is one of the most effective interaction methods between computers and *** a user-free interface with good recognition performance should be the goal of real-time HGR ***,Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)shows great recognition rates for different image-level classification *** is challenging to train deep CNN networks like VGG-16,VGG-19,Inception-v3,and Efficientnet-B0 from scratch because only some significant labeled image datasets are available for static hand gesture ***,an efficient and robust hand gesture recognition system of sign language employing finetuned Inception-v3 and Efficientnet-Bo network is proposed to identify hand gestures using a comparative small HGR *** show that Inception-v3 achieved 90%accuracy and 0.93%precision,0.91%recall,and 0.90%f1-score,respectively,while EfficientNet-B0 achieved 99%accuracy and 0.98%,0.97%,0.98%,precision,recall,and f1-score respectively.

关键词： Pretrained CNN hand gesture recognition transfer learning

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Optimal concentration of mesenchymal stem cells for fracture healing in a rat model with long bone fracture

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2022年第12期14卷 839-850页

作者： Myung-seo Kim Hyun-Ju Chung Kang-Il Kim Department of Orthopaedic Surgery School of MedicineKyung Hee University and Kyung Hee University Hospital at GangdongSeoul 05278South Korea Department of Core Research Laboratory Clinical Research InstituteKyung Hee University Hospital at GangdongSeoul 05278South Korea

BACKGROUND There is still no consensus on which concentration of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)to use for promoting fracture healing in a rat model of long bone *** To assess the optimal concentration of MSCs for promoting fracture healing in a rat *** Wistar rats were divided into four groups according to MSC concentrations:Normal saline(C),2.5×10^(6)(L),5.0×10^(6)(M),and 10.0×10^(6)(H)*** MSCs were injected directly into the fracture *** rats were sacrificed at 2 and 6 wk *** bone formation[bone volume(BV)and percentage BV(PBV)]was evaluated using micro-computed tomography(CT).Histological analysis was performed to evaluate fracture healing *** protein expression of factors related to MSC migration[stromal cell-derived factor 1(SDF-1),transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)]and angiogenesis[vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)]was evaluated using western blot *** expression of cytokines associated with osteogenesis[bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2),TGF-β1 and VEGF]was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain *** Micro-CT showed that BV and PBV was significantly increased in groups M and H compared to that in group C at 6 wk post-fracture(P=0.040,P=0.009;P=0.004,P=0.001,respectively).Significantly more cartilaginous tissue and immature bone were formed in groups M and H than in group C at 2 and 6 wk post-fracture(P=0.018,P=0.010;P=0.032,P=0.050,respectively).At 2 wk post fracture,SDF-1,TGF-β1 and VEGF expression were significantly higher in groups M and H than in group L(P=0.031,P=0.014;P<0.001,P<0.001;P=0.025,P<0.001,respectively).BMP-2 and VEGF expression were significantly higher in groups M and H than in group C at 6 wk postfracture(P=0.037,P=0.038;P=0.021,P=0.010).Compared to group L,TGF-β1 expression was significantly higher in groups H(P=0.016).There were no significant differences in expression levels of chemokines related to MSC migration,angiogenesis and cytokines associated

关键词： Rat model Femoral shaft fracture Mesenchymal stem cells Direct injection Optimal concentration Fracture healing

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SnO_(2)/Graphene Composite with High Lithium Storage Capability for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries

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Nano Research 2010年第11期3卷 813-821页

作者： Haegyeom Kim Sung-Wook Kim Young-uk Park Hyeokjo Gwon Dong-Hwa seo Yuhee Kim Kisuk Kang Graduate School of Energy EnvironmentWaterand SustainabilityKorea Advanced Instituteof Science and Technology(KAIST)335 GwahangnoYuseong-guDaejeon 305-701Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering KAIST335 GwahangnoYuseong-guDaejeon 305-701Republic of Korea KAIST Institute for Eco-energy NanocenturyKAIST335 GwahangnoYuseong-guDaejeon 305-701Republic of Korea Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST) 39-1 Hawolgok-dongWolsong-gil 5Seongbuk-guSeoul 136-791Republic of Korea

SnO_(2)/graphene nanocomposites have been fabricated by a simple chemical *** the fabrication process,the control of surface charge causes echinoid-like SnO_(2)nanoparticles to be formed and uniformly decorated on the *** electrostatic attraction between a graphene nanosheet(GNS)and the echinoid-like SnO_(2)particles under controlled pH creates a unique nanostructure in which extremely small SnO_(2)particles are uniformly dispersed on the *** SnO_(2)/graphene nanocomposite has been shown to perform as a high capacity anode with good cycling behavior in lithium rechargeable *** anode retained a reversible capacity of 634 mA·h·g^(–1)with a coulombic efficiency of 98%after 50 *** high reversibility can be attributed to the mechanical buffering by the GNS against the large volume change of SnO_(2)during delithiation/lithiation ***,the power capability is significantly enhanced due to the nanostructure,which enables facile electron transport through the GNS and fast delithiation/lithiation reactions within the echinoid-like nano-SnO_(2).The route suggested here for the fabrication of SnO_(2)/graphene hybrid materials is a simple economical route for the preparation of other graphene-based hybrid materials which can be employed in many different fields.

关键词： Graphene SnO_(2) surface charge nanocomposite rechargeable batteries lithium

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Noninvasive Parameters and hepatic fibrosis scores in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第13期18卷 1525-1530页

作者： Hye Ran Yang Hae Ryoung Kim Myung Jin Kim Jae Sung Ko jeong Kee seo Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 110-744South Korea Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam-siGyonggi-do 463-707South Korea Department of Pathology Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam-siGyonggi-do 464-894 South Korea

AIM:To evaluate the noninvasive parameters and hepatic fibrosis scores in obese children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS:A total of 77 children diagnosed with NAFLD via liver biopsy were included and divided into 2 subgroups according to the histopathologic staging of hepatic fibrosis:mild(stage 0-1)vs significant fibrosis(stage 2-4).Clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated in each *** aspartate aminotransferase(AST)/alanine aminotransferase(ALT)ratio,AST/platelet ratio index(APRI),PGA index,Forns index,FIB-4,NAFLD fibrosis score,and pediatric NAFLD fibrosis index(PNFI)were ***:No clinical or biochemical parameter exhibited a significant difference between patients with mild and significant *** noninvasive hepatic fibrosis scores,only APRI and FIB4 revealed a significant difference between patients with mild and significant fibrosis(APRI:0.67±0.54 vs 0.78±0.38,P=0.032 and FIB4:0.24±0.12 vs 0.31±0.21,P=0.010).The area under the receiving operating characteristic curve of FIB4 was 0.81,followed by Forns index(0.73),APRI(0.70),NAFLD fibrosis score(0.58),AST/ALT ratio(0.53),PGA score(0.45),and PNFI(0.41).CONCLUSION:APRI and FIB4 might be useful noninvasive hepatic fibrosis scores for predicting hepatic fibrosis in children with NAFLD.

关键词：肝纤维化脂肪肝酒精性评分儿童肝病丙氨酸转氨酶比值指数

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Nanoscale visualization of hot carrier generation and transfer at non-noble metal and oxide interface

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第3期98卷 151-159页

作者： Ranveer Singh Qadeer Akbar Sial Seung-ik Han Sanghee Nah Ji-Yong Park Hyungtak seo Department of Materials Science and Engineering Ajou UniversitySuwon16499Republic of Korea Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou UniversitySuwon16499Republic of Korea seoul Center Korea Basic Science InstituteSeoul02841Republic of Korea Department of Physics Ajou UniversitySuwon16499Republic of Korea

The conversion efficiency of energy-harvesting devices can be increased by utilizing hot-carriers(HCs).However,due to ultrafast carrier-carrier scattering and the lack of carrier injection dynamics,HC-based devices have low *** the present work,we report the effective utilization of HCs at the nanoscale and their transfer dynamics from a non-noble metal to a metal oxide interface by means of real-space photocurrent mapping by using local probe techniques and conducting femtosecond transient absorption(TA)*** photocurrent maps obtained under white light unambiguously show that the HCs are injected into the metal oxide layer from the TiN layer,as also confirmed by conductive atomic force *** addition,the increased photocurrent in the bilayer structure indicates the injection of HCs from both layers due to the broadband absorption efficiency of TiN layer,passivation of the surface states by the top TiN layer,and smaller barrier height of the ***,electrostatic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy provide direct evidence of charge injection from TiN to the MoO_(x)film at the *** TA absorption spectra show a strong photo-bleaching signal over wide spectral range and ultrafast decaying behavior at the picosecond time scale,which indicate efficient electron transfer from TiN to MoO_(x).Thus,our simple and effective approach can facilitate HC collection under white light,thereby achieving high conversion efficiency for optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Non-noble metal Hot carrier Real-space photocurrent mapping Local-probe force microscopy

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Intraoperative sudden arrhythmias in cervical spine surgery adjacent to the stellate ganglion:A case report

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世界临床病例杂志 2023年第24期11卷 5789-5796页

作者： Jong-Hun seo Su-Yeon Cho Ji-Hwan Park Jin-Young seo Hyun-Young Lee Dong-Joon Kim Department of Neurosurgery Chosun University HospitalGwangju 61453South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Chosun University HospitalGwangju 61453South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine College of MedicineChosun UniversityGwangju 61453South Korea

BACKGROUND Atrial arrhythmias such as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT)and atrial flutter(AF)are common in the perioperative *** commonly resolve ***,occasionally,they may continually progress to fatal arrhythmias or cause ***,prompt and appropriate management is *** SUMMARY A 46-year-old female patient diagnosed with cervical C6-7 radiculopathy characterized by decreased sensation in the right third,fourth and fifth fingers underwent C6-7 anterior cervical disc fusion *** showed PSVT and ventricular tachycardia during C6-7 disc ***,the patient remained *** treatment with esmolol and lidocaine for ventricular tachycardia was *** massage and Valsalva maneuver were attempted but PSVT did not *** surgery was paused,and the patient’s fraction of inspired oxygen was set to 100%.Adenosine was administered for pharmacological management of *** arrhythmia temporarily ***,it then transformed into *** was administered,which briefly decreased blood pressure,which immediately *** resumed while the patient was in normal sinus *** was discharged safely on postoperative day 6 without complications or ***,she is living a healthy life without arrhythmia *** Ganglia associated with cardiac arrhythmias in the surgical site should be identified during cervical spine surgery.

关键词： Supraventricular tachycardia Atrial flutter Stellate ganglion Adenosine Diltiazem Case Report

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Optical Gain Analysis of Graded InGaN/GaN Quantum-Well Lasers

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第7期28卷 319-322页

作者： seoung-Hwan Park Yong-Tae Moon jeong Sik Lee Ho Ki Kwon Joong seo Park Doyeol Ahn Department of Electronics Engineering Catholic University of DaeguHayangKyeongsanKyeongbuk 712-702Republic of Korea SLED R&D Center LG Innotek16 Woomyeon-dongSeocho-guSeoul 137-140Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of SeoulSeoul 130-743Republic of Korea

Optical properties of graded InGaN/GaN quantum well(QW)lasers are analyzed as improved gain media for laser diodes emitting near 500 *** results are compared with those of conventional InGaN/GaN QW *** heavy-hole effective mass around the topmost valence band is found to nearly not be affected by the inclusion of the graded *** graded InGaN/GaN QW structure shows a much larger matrix element than the conventional InGaN/GaN QW *** radiative current density dependences of the optical gain are similar to each ***,the graded QW structure is expected to have lower threshold current density than the conventional QW structure because the former has a lower threshold carrier density than the latter.

关键词： InGaN/GaN graded Lasers

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Malicious Traffic Compression and Classification Technique for Secure Internet of Things

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3465-3482页

作者： Yu-Rim Lee Na-Eun Park seo-Yi Kim Il-Gu Lee Department of Future Convergence Technology Engineering SungshinWomen’s UniversitySeoul02844Korea Department of Convergence Security Engineering SungshinWomen’s UniversitySeoul02844Korea

With the introduction of 5G technology,the application of Internet of Things(IoT)devices is expanding to various industrial ***,introducing a robust,lightweight,low-cost,and low-power security solution to the IoT environment is ***,this study proposes two methods using a data compression technique to detect malicious traffic efficiently and accurately for a secure IoT *** first method,compressed sensing and learning(CSL),compresses an event log in a bitmap format to quickly detect ***,the attack log is detected using a machine-learning classification *** second method,precise re-learning after CSL(Ra-CSL),comprises a two-step *** uses CSL as the 1st step analyzer,and the 2nd step analyzer is applied using the original dataset for a log that is detected as an attack in the 1st step *** the experiment,the bitmap rule was set based on the boundary value,which was 99.6%true positive on average for the attack and benign data found by analyzing the training *** results showed that the CSL was effective in reducing the training and detection time,and Ra-CSL was effective in increasing the detection *** to the experimental results,the data compression technique reduced the memory size by up to 20%and the training and detection times by 67%when compared with the conventional *** addition,the proposed technique improves the detection accuracy;the Naive Bayes model with the highest performance showed a detection rate of approximately 99%.

关键词： IoT security intrusion detection machine learning traffic classification

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