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A comprehensive review on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) as a gold mine of functional bioactive components for therapeutic foods

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 107-120页

作者： K.S.Gayathry jenny ann john Faculty of Ocean Science and Technology Kerala(Department of Food Science and Technology)Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies(KUFOS)Panangad P.O.KochiKerala682506India

Bitter gourd is a tropical wine grown mainly in India, China and South East Asia. The plant is cultivated mainly for its fruit part which is edible. Bitter gourd is unaccepted widely due to its bitter taste. Nevertheless, the fruit is a source of several key nutrients. The plant, as a whole contains, more than 60 phyto-medicines that are active against more than 30 diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Currently, the incorporation of the bioactive compounds isolated from bitter gourd into functional foods and beverages finds a new horizon. Nanoencapsulation and novel green extraction methods can be employed to improve the yield and quality of extracted compounds and their stability while incorporation into food products. The present review is an attempt to throw light to nutritional aspects, various bioactive compounds present and important nutraceutical properties of the bitter gourd plant in detail.

关键词： Bitter gourd Bioactive Nutraceutical Extraction Encapsulation

Improving cell transplantation by understanding and manipulating the phagocytic activity of peripheral glia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 313-314页

作者： Lynn Nazareth James St john jenny Ekberg Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportAustralia Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia

One of the key challenges in neuroscience is that the central nervous system(CNS;the brain and spinal cord), is largely unable to regene rate after injury. One factor contributing to this lack of repair is the accumulation of cellular and myelin debris at the site of injury. The debris is not efficiently phagocytosed and can persist for years after the initial injury, resulting in an inflammatory environment which inhibits axonal regrowth(Lutz and Barres, 2014).

关键词： debris contributing injury

The link between olfactory ensheathing cell survival and spinal cord injury repair: a commentary on common limitations of contemporary research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1848-1849页

作者： Ronak Reshamwala Megha Shah James St.john jenny Ekberg Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportQLDAustraliaClem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell ResearchGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs)are crucial players in the continuous regeneration of the olfactory nervous system that occurs through out life and are thought to have unique growth-promoting *** this reason,OEC transplantation has been thoroughly explored for the potential to promote neural repair after both central and peripheral nervous system *** studies have shown that OEC transplantation is safe and can promote recovery after spinal cord injury(SCI),both in animal models and in human clinical *** date,a variety of injury types and time-points after injury,as well as different delivery methods,have been *** have been encouraging(in rodent models including,for example,restoration of locomotion,breathing and climbing ability along with induction of axonal sprouting and some axonal regeneration)but highly variable(Barnett and Riddell,2007;Gomez et al.,2018).

关键词： injuries injury limitations

Neuron-fibrous scaffold interfaces in the peripheral nervous system: a perspective on the structural requirements

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1893-1897页

作者： Sanaz Behtaj James A.St john jenny A.K.Ekberg Maksym Rybachuk Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith UniversityQueenslandAustralia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportAustralia Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery NathanAustralia School of Engineering and Built Environment Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia

The nerves of the peripheral nervous system are not able to effectively regenerate in cases of severe neural *** can result in debilitating consequences,including morbidity and lifelong impairments affecting the quality of the patient’s *** findings in neural tissue engineering have opened promising avenues to apply fibrous tissue-engineered scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration and functional *** scaffolds,known as neural scaffolds,are able to improve neural regeneration by playing two major roles,namely,by being a carrier for transplanted peripheral nervous system cells or biological cues and by providing structural support to direct growing nerve fibers towards the target ***,successful implementation of scaffold-based therapeutic approaches calls for an appropriate design of the neural scaffold structure that is capable of up-and down-regulation of neuron-scaffold interactions in the extracellular matrix *** review discusses the main challenges that need to be addressed to develop and apply fibrous tissue-engineered scaffolds in clinical *** describes some promising solutions that,so far,have shown to promote neural cell adhesion and growth and a potential to repair peripheral nervous system injuries.

关键词： electrospun scaffold extracellular matrix nerve conduit neural tissue engineering physical lumen filler scaffold topography structural support surface interaction

Ndfip1 represses cell proliferation by controlling Pten localization and signaling specificity

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2015年第2期7卷 119-131页

作者： Jason Howitt Ley-Hian Low Ulrich Putz Anh Doan jenny Lackovic Choo-Peng Goh jenny Gunnersen john Silke Seong-Seng Tan Brain Development and Regeneration Division Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria 3010Australia Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria 3010Australia Cell Signalling and Cell Death Laboratory Walter and Eliza Hall InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria 3010Australia

Pten controls a signaling axis that is implicated to regulate cell proliferation,growth,survival,migration,and *** molecular mechanisms underlying the specificity of Pten responses to such diverse cellular functions are currently poorly *** report the control of Pten activity and signaling specificity during the cell cycle by Ndfip1 regulation of Pten spatial *** deletion of Ndfip1 resulted in a loss of Pten nuclear compartmentalization and increased cell proliferation,despite cytoplasmic Pten remaining active in regulating PI3K/Akt *** lacking nuclear Pten were found to have dysregulated levels of Plk1 and cyclin D1 that could drive cell *** vivo,transgene expression of Ndfip1 in the developing brain increased nuclear Pten and lengthened the cell cycle of neuronal progenitors,resulting in *** results show that local partitioning of Pten from the cytoplasm to the nucleus represents a key mechanism contributing to the specificity of Pten signaling during cell proliferation.

关键词： Akt autism cancer cell cycle microcephaly nuclear trafficking ubiquitin

Combined VEGF/PDGF improves olfactory regeneration after unilateral bulbectomy in mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1820-1826页

作者： Kate Beecher Louise M.Hafner jenny Ekberg James A.St.john Fatemeh Chehrehasa School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith University Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University

The olfactory receptor neurons lining the nasal cavity have a remarkable capacity to regenerate throughout life. They are replenished continuously and their axons make new connections within the olfactory bulb. However, some factors such as head trauma and skull base surgery damage the olfactory nerve which lead to olfactory dysfunction. Losing the sense of smell has considerable effects on quality of life and life-expectancy. Therefore, there is a clear need to find a treatment for olfactory dysfunction. One such potential treatment is growth factor therapy which showed promising results in the spinal cord and brain injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether combined delivery of two growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor treatment can improve the olfactory neurons regeneration in mice. The degeneration of the olfactory neurons was induced by unilateral bulbectomy. The treatment group received 1.5 μg of the combined growth factors intranasally, while the control injured group received saline. Growth factor treatment significantly increased the number of immature neurons at 5 and 7 days post injury and also the number of mature olfactory neurons at 10 and 14 days post bulbectomy. Regenerating axons extended over a larger volume in the operated cavity in the treatment group compared to control group at 14 days post bulbectomy. The growth factor treatment also significantly reduced astrocytic glia scar in the operated cavity. The results indicate that the combined delivery of the growth factors has the potential to improve olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： astrocytes olfactory bulb glial scar axon growth factors neuron

Reliable cell purification and determination of cell purity:crucial aspects of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for spinal cord repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第11期15卷 2016-2026页

作者： Ronak Reshamwala Megha Shah Lucy Belt jenny A.K.Ekberg James A.St john Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportQLDAustralia Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells,the glia of the primary olfactory nervous system,has been trialed for spinal cord injury repair with promising but variable outcomes in animals and *** ensheathing cells can be harvested either from the lamina propria beneath the neuroepithelium in the nasal cavity,or from the olfactory bulb in the *** these areas contain several other cell types,isolating and purifying olfactory ensheathing cells is a critical part of the *** is largely unknown how contaminating cells such as fibroblasts,other glial cell types and supporting cells affect olfactory ensheathing cell function post-transplantation;these cells may also cause unwanted *** is also,however,possible that the presence of some of the contaminant cells can improve ***,we reviewed the last decade of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation studies in rodents,with a focus on olfactory ensheathing cell *** analyzed how purification methods and resultant cell purity differed between olfactory mucosa-and olfactory bulb-derived cell *** analyzed how the studies reported on olfactory ensheathing cell purity and which criteria were used to define cells as olfactory ensheathing ***,we analyzed the correlation between cell purity and transplantation *** found that olfactory bulb-derived olfactory ensheathing cell preparations are typically purer than mucosa-derived *** concluded that there is an association between high olfactory ensheathing cell purity and favourable outcomes,but the lack of olfactory ensheathing cell-specific markers severely hampers the field.

关键词： antibody astrocyte fibroblast glia glial cell injury nerve neuron trauma surgery

The relationship of high-intensity cross-training with arterial stiffness

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第4期8卷 370-375页

作者： Jamie F.Burr jenny L.Beck john J.Durocher Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences University of GuelphGuelphON NIG 2W1Canada Applied Human Sciences University of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPE CIA 4P3Canada Department of Biological Sciences Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA

Background'.Central arterial stiffness is a cardiovascular risk factor that can be readily affected through engagement in physical exercise training,with resistance and aerobic exercise having disparate *** the growing popularity of high-intensity cross-training(HICT),little is currently known about the effects of this mixed modality exercise stimulus on arterial ***,the purpose of this study was to characterize the arterial stiffness of habitual HICT participants *** active and sedentary controls using a cross-sectional ***'.A total of 30 participants were recruited:10 middle-aged long-term participants of HICT(CrossFit)and 20 age,sex,and height matched controls(10 recreationally active,10 sedentary).Central and peripheral pulse wave velocities were measured for the carotid-femoral and femoral-dorsalis pedis arterial *** fitness(maximal oxygen uptake,VChmax)was measured and typical exercise participation rates were self-reported for each ***'.HICT participants manifested central pulse wave velocity(PWV)(5.3±1.0 m/s,mean±SD)and VChmax(43±6 mL/kg/min)values nearly identical to active *** active groups had significantly better values than sedentary controls(7.1±1.0 m/s,p≤0.001;and 32±7 mL/kg/min,p=0.01).No differences were observed in peripheral PWV between ***'.Habitual participation in HICT exercise was not associated with increased central nor peripheral arterial ***-term HICT participants presented with similar fitness and arterial stiffness as compared with participants who practiced traditional aerobic *** to sedentary living,HICT may offer musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health benefits without negatively impacting arterial stiffness.

关键词： Circuit training CrossFit Pulse wave velocity Resistance exercise Vascular Weight training

Apoptosis is not an invariable component of in vitro models of cortical cerebral ischaemia

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Cell Research 2004年第3期14卷 241-250页

作者： Paul Alexander JONES,Gillian Ruth MAY,Joyce ann MCLUCKIE,Akinori IWASHITA,john SHARKEY Fujisawa Institute of Neuroscience Division of Neuroscience University of Edinburgh 1 George Square Edinburgh UK Medical Information Eli Lilly and Company Ltd Lilly House Priestley Road Basingstoke RG24 9NL UK Fujisawa Institute of Neurosdence Division of Neuroscience University of Edinburgh 1 George Square Edinburgh UK Medicinal Biology Research Laboratories Fujisawa Pharmaceuticals Co.Ltd. 2-1-6 Kashima Yodogawa-ku Osaka 532-5814 Japan Fujisawa Institute of Neuroscience Division of Neuroscience University of Edinburgh 1 George Square Edinburgh UK

Characterising the mechanisms of cell death following focal cerebral ischaemia has been hampered by a lack of an in vitro assay emulating both the apoptotic and necrotic features observed in vivo. The present study systematically characterised oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) in primary rat cortical neurones to establish a reproducible model with components of both cell-death endpoints. OGD induced a time-dependent reduction in cell viability, with 80% cell death occurring 24 h after 3 h exposure to 0% O2 and 0.5 mM glucose. Indicative of a necrotic component to OGD induced cell death, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibition with MK-801 attenuated neuronal loss by 60%. The lack of protection by the caspase inhibitors DEVD-CHO and z-VAD-fmk suggested that under these conditions neurones did not die by an apoptotic mechanism. Moderating the severity of the insult by decreasing OGD exposure to 60 min did not reduce the amount of necrosis, but did induce a small degree of apoptosis (a slight reductio

关键词： oxygen-glucose-deprivation caspase cortical necrosis.