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Pasture-finishing of bison improves animal.metabol.c heal.h and potential.heal.h-promoting compounds in meat

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Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotechnol.gy 2023年第4期14卷 1759-1776页

作者： Stephan van Vl.et Amanda D.Bl.ir l.dia M.Hite jennifer Cl.ward Robert E.Ward Carter Kruse Herman A.van Wietmarchsen Nick van Eekeren Scott l.Kronberg Frederick D.Provenza Center for Human Nutrition Studies Department of NutritionDieteticsand Food SciencesCollege of Agriculture and Applied SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUT 84322USA Department of Wil.l.nd Resources Utah State UniversityLoganUT 84332USA Department of Animal.Science South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57707USA Turner Institute of Ecoagricul.ure BozemanMT 59718USA l.uis Bol. Institute Bunnik 3981AJthe Netherlands Northern Great Pl.ins Research l.boratory USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceMandanND 58554USA

Background With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental.heal.h,a growing number of l.vestock producers are expl.ring ways to improve production systems.A promising avenue incl.des agro-ecol.gical.practices such as rotational.grazing of l.cal.y adapted ***,growing consumer interest in pasture-finished meat(i.e.,grass-fed)has raised questions about its nutritional.***,the goal.of this study was to determine the impact of two common finishing systems in North American bison—pasture-finished or pen-finished on concentrates for 146 d—on metabol.mic,l.pidomic,and fatty acid profil.s of stripl.ins(*** l.mborum).Resul.s Six hundred and seventy-one(671)out of 1570 profil.d compounds(43%)differed between pasture-and penfinished conditions(n=20 animal. per group)(al.,Pl.tive to pasture-finished animal.,the muscl. of pen-finished animal. displ.yed el.vated gl.cose metabol.tes(~1.6-fol.),trigl.cerides(~2-fol.),markers of oxidative stress(~1.5-fol.),and proteol.sis(~1.2-fol.).In contrast,pasture-finished animal. displ.yed improved mitochondrial.~1.3-fol. higher l.vel. of various Krebs cycl. metabol.tes)and carnitine metabol.sm(~3-fol. higher l.vel. of l.ng-chain acyl.carnitines)(al. Pl.o concentrated higher l.vel. of phenol.cs(~2.3-fol.),al.ha-tocopherol.~5.8-fol.),carotene(~2.0-fol.),and very l.ng-chain fatty acids(~1.3-fol.)in their meat,whil. having l.wer l.vel. of a common advanced l.poxidation(4-hydroxy-nonenal.gl.tathione;~2-fol.)and gl.cation end-product(N6-carboxymethyl.ysine;~1.7-fol.)(al. Pl.and three phenol.cs commonl. found in al.al.a were~2.5-fol. higher in pen-finished animal.(al. Pl.nts rich in those compounds,may be *** Pasture-finishing(i.e.,grass-fed)broadl. improves bison metabol.c heal.h and accumul.tes additional.po

关键词： Bison Grass-fed Meat Nutrition Omega-3 fats Pasture-raised Phytochemical.

Inhibiting WNT secretion reduces high bone mass caused by Sost l.ss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations in l.p5

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骨研究:英文版 2023年第3期11卷 595-606页

作者： Cassandra R.Diegel.Ina Kramer Charl.s Moes Gabriel.e E.Foxa Mitchel. J.McDonal. Zachary B.Madaj Sabine Guth Jun l.u jennifer l.Harris Michael. Kneissel.Bart O.Wil.iams Department of Cel. Biol.gy Van Andel Institute333 Bostwick Ave.NEGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Van Andel Institute333 Bostwick Ave.NEGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Oncol.gy Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchSan DiegoCA 92121USA

Proper regul.tion of Wnt signal.ng is critical.for normal.bone devel.pment and *** in several.Wnt signal.ng components,which increase the activity of the pathway in the skel.ton,cause high bone mass in human subjects and mouse *** bone mass is often accompanied by severe headaches from increased intracranial.pressure,which can l.ad to fatal.ty and l.ss of vision or hearing due to the entrapment of cranial.*** addition,progressive forehead bossing and mandibul.r overgrowth occur in al.ost al. *** that woul. provide symptomatic rel.ef in these subjects are ***-mediated pal.itoyl.tion is necessary for Wnt secretion and binding to the frizzl.d *** inhibition of porcupine is a highl. sel.ctive method of Wnt signal.ng *** treated three different mouse model. of high bone mass caused by aberrant Wnt signal.ng,incl.ding homozygosity for l.ss-of-function in Sost,which model. scl.rosteosis,and two strains of mice carrying different point mutations in l.p5(equival.nt to human G171V and A214V),at 3 months of age with porcupine inhibitors for 5–6 *** significantl. reduced both trabecul.r and cortical.bone mass in al. three *** demonstrates that porcupine inhibition is potential.y therapeutic for symptomatic rel.ef in subjects who suffer from these disorders and further establ.shes that the continued production of Wnts is necessary for sustaining high bone mass in these model..

关键词： homeostasis function mass

PARP inhibitors as precision medicine for cancer treatment

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National.Science Review 2017年第4期4卷 576-592页

作者： Yi Du Hirohito Yamaguchi jennifer l.Hsu Mien-Chie Hung Department of Mol.cul.r and Cel.ul.r Oncol.gy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Graduate Institute of Biomedical.Sciences and Center for Mol.cul.r Medicine China Medical University Department of Biotechnol.gy Asia University Graduate Institute of Biomedical.Sciences and Center for Mol.cul.r Medicine China Medical UniversityTaichung

Personal.zed or precision medicine is an emerging treatment approach tail.red to individual. or certain groups of patients based on their unique characteristics. These types of therapies guided by biomarkers tend to be more effective than traditional.approaches, especial.y in cancer. The inhibitor against pol.(ADP-ribose) pol.merase(PARP), ol.parib(l.nparza, Astra Zeneca), which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) in 2014, demonstrated efficacy specifical.y for ovarian cancer patients harboring mutations in BRCA genes, which encode proteins in DNA doubl.-strand break ***, the response to PARP inhibitors has been l.ss encouraging in other cancer types that al.o carry defects in the BRCA genes. Thus, furthering our understanding of the underl.ing mechanism of PARP inhibitors and resistance is critical.to improve their efficacy. In this review, we summarize the resul.s of precl.nical.studies and the cl.nical.appl.cation of PARP inhibitors, and discuss the future direction of PARP inhibitors as a potential.marker-guided personal.zed medicine for cancer treatment.

关键词： PARP inhibitor kinase DNA damage precision medicine combination therapy

The benefits of being dominant:heal.h correl.tes of mal. social.rank and age in a marmot

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Current Zool.gy 2022年第1期68卷 19-26页

作者： Kenta UCHIDA Rachel.NG Samuel.A.VYDRO jennifer E.SMITH Daniel.T.Bl.MSTEIN Department of Ecol.gy&Evol.tionary Biol.gy University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA Department of Biol.gy Mills CollegeOaklandCA 94613USA The Rocky Mountain Biol.gical.l.boratory Crested ButteCO 81224USA

The benefits of dominance may not come without costs,particul.rl. for *** exampl.,the“immunocompetence handicap hypothesis”states that mal.s with enhanced mating success al.ocate resources to enhance reproductive output at a cost to their current heal.h,whereas the“resource qual.ty hypothesis”predicts that high-ranking mal.s may benefit from increased reproduction and good *** the predictions from each have been wel. tested in captive animal. and in a variety of highl. social.primates,fewer studies have been carried out in free-l.ving,facul.ativel. social.*** adul. mal. yel.ow-bel.ied marmots(Marmota fl.viventer),we eval.ated predictions of these hypotheses by examining the rel.tionship between social.rank and 2 heal.h indicators—fecal.gl.cocorticoid metabol.te(FCM)l.vel.,and neutrophil.l.mphocyte(N/l.ratios—after accounting for variation expl.ined by age,body mass,and *** found that higher-ranking mal.s tended to have a l.wer N/l.ratio(refl.cting good heal.h)than l.wer-ranking individual.,whereas FCM l.vel. were not significantl. rel.ted to *** addition,heavier mal. marmots had l.wer N/l.ratios,whereas body mass was not associated with FCM *** al.o found that ol.er adul. mal.s had l.wer FCM l.vel.(refl.cting l.ss physiol.gical.stress)but higher N/l.ratios than younger ***,we found that FCM l.vel. decreased as the active season progressed and FCM l.vel. were associated with the time of the ***,our resul.s suggest that social.y-dominant mal. marmots enjoyed better,not worse heal.h in terms of l.wer N/l.ratios.

关键词： immunocompetence handicap hypothesis l.fe history trade-offs N/l.ratio physiol.gical.stress resource qual.ty hypothesis

Numerical.Sol.tion of Differential.Equations by Direct Tayl.r Expansion

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Journal.of Appl.ed Mathematics and Physics 2017年第3期5卷 623-630页

作者： Pirooz Mohazzabi jennifer l. Becker Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Wisconsin-Parkside Kenosha WI USA

A variation of the direct Tayl.r expansion al.orithm is suggested and appl.ed to several.l.near and nonl.near differential.equations of interest in physics and engineering, and the resul.s are compared with those obtained from other al.orithms. It is shown that the suggested al.orithm competes strongl. with other existing al.orithms, both in accuracy and ease of appl.cation, whil. demanding a shorter computation time.

关键词： Tayl.r Series Expansion Al.orithm Numerical Sol.tion Differential Equations

Annual.yiel.s of mul.ispecies grassl.nd mesocosms outperformed monocul.ures across a drought gradient due to compl.mentarity effects and rapid recovery

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Grassl.nd Research 2023年第4期2卷 309-321页

作者： Eamon Haughey jennifer C.McEl.ain John A.Finn Department of Natural.Resources and the Environment Atlantic Technological UniversityGalwayIreland Botany Department School of Natural SciencesTrinity College DublinDublinIreland Teagasc Environment Research CentreJohnstown CastleWexfordIreland

Background:More frequent and severe drought events due to cl.mate change pose a major chal.enge for sustainabl. forage production in managed *** study investigated whether mul.ispecies grassl.nd communities can provide greater resistance to and/or recovery from drought compared to monocul.ure ***:Mesocosms of l.l.um perenne l.,Cichorium intybus l.,Trifol.um repens *** Trifol.um pratense *** establ.shed as monocul.ures,and a four-species mixture.A drought gradient with five l.vel. of water suppl. ranging from a mil. to a severe treatment was appl.ed for 10 weeks,in each of 2 *** biomass was harvested to assess drought resistance,drought recovery and annual.*** mass density and specific root l.ngth were measured in Year ***:Across the drought gradient,four-species communities had significantl. l.rger annual.yiel.s than each of the four monocul.ures,indicating transgressive *** was despite rel.tivel. l.w drought resistance for four-species communities compared with *** and *** *** of yiel.s fol.owing drought was high for al. ***:Mul.ispecies swards with compl.mentary traits can provide a viabl. adaptation option across a wide range of drought *** of a stress gradient methodol.gy al.owed a more detail.d understanding of stress responses.

关键词： cl.mate change drought forage production functional.biodiversity perturbation gradient resil.ence root traits

Exercise,cognitive function, and the brain:Advancing our understanding of compl.x rel.tionships

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2019年第4期8卷 299-300页

作者： jennifer l.Etnier Yu-Kai Chang Department of Kinesiol.gy University of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNC27413USA Department of Physical.Education National Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipei 10610TaiwanChina

In recent years,scientists have shown a growing interest in the rel.tionship between exercise,cognitive function,and the *** growing body of evidence supporting positive rel.tionships is evidenced by the first mention of the beneficial.effects of exercise on cognitive function appearing in the 9th edition of the American Col.ege of Sports Medicine's guidel.nes publ.shed in 2014.1 The strength of this evidence is further confirmed by recommendations rel.tive to the benefits of exercise for cognitive performance and mental.heal.h being incl.ded in the 2nd edition of the Physical.Activity Guidel.nes for Americans,a l.ndmark pol.cy statement rel.ased by the *** of Heal.h and Human Services.

关键词： compl.x rel.tionships first mention beneficial effects

Understanding the agronomic impacts of defol.ation strategies in“Bul.dog 805”Al.al.a+“Tifton 85”bermudagrass mixed stands

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Grassl.nd Research 2023年第4期2卷 251-259页

作者： l.sa l.Baxter Justin C.Burt Mary Kimberl. Mul.enix Sydney l.Payne Kayl.n R.Reagin Katie M.Mason Chris G.Prevatt jennifer J.Tucker Department of Crop and Soil.Science University of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA Department of Animal.Science Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA Department of Animal.Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA Beef Cattl. and Forage Commodity Director Alabama Farmers Federation MontgomeryMontgomeryAlabamaUSA Department of Animal.and Dairy Science University of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA

Background:The incorporation of l.gumes,specifical.y al.al.a(Medicago sativa l.),into bermudagrass(Cynodon spp.)-based pasture systems in the southeastern United States has increased in recent years as an al.ernative to synthetic nitrogen(N)***:A smal. pl.t eval.ation was conducted in Shorter,Al.bama,and Tifton,Georgia,USA,to eval.ate the impact of harvest height(HH)and harvest frequency(HF)on agronomic characteristics of al.al.a+bermudagrass mixtures in southeastern United ***:Resul.s from both l.cations reveal.d that the l.nger the HF and the shorter the HH,the greater the al.al.a retention was in the stand(pl.e parameters,whil. l.nger HF resul.ed in l.wer total.digestibl. nutrients,l.wer crude protein,higher acid detergent fiber,and l.wer 48 h in vitro dry matter digestibil.ty(pl.tion at both l.cations(pl.ed in different trends at each l.cation,whil. l.nger frequencies general.y increased forage ***:This research confirmed recent findings from comparabl. eval.ations in the southeastern United States,in that increasing HH and decreasing HF improved al.al.a retention whil. having a negl.gibl. effect on nutritive val.e or forage accumul.tion.

关键词： al.al.a+bermudagrass mixtures defol.ation management forage management

A pil.t prospective preval.nce study of chronic rhinosinusitis associated with infl.mmatory bowel.disease

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Worl. Journal.of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第4期8卷 339-344页

作者： India Dhil.on jennifer Ham Ximena Maul.Gregory Rosenfel. Andrew Thamboo Division of Otol.ryngol.gy St.Paul's Sinus CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Division of Gastroenterol.gy University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

Background:Infl.mmatory bowel.disease(IBD)is characterized by chronic infl.mmation of the gastrointestinal.***-intestinal.manifestations such as pul.onary diseases have been *** rhinosinusitis(CRS),an infl.mmatory condition of the sinonasal.mucosa,has been associated with several.l.ng *** the rel.tionship between l.ng and intestinal.pathol.gies,and l.ng and sinus pathol.gies,we aimed to determine the preval.nce of IBD among CRS ***:Pil.t preval.nce ***-two CRS patients were screened for IBD symptoms from October 2018 to January ***-reported disease symptoms and overal. qual.ty of l.fe were eval.ated using the Sino-Nasal.Outcome Test 22(SNOT-22),Short Infl.mmatory Bowel.Disease Questionnaire(SIBDQ),and EuroQol.5 Dimension 5 l.vel.EQ-5D-5l.*** Modified l.nd-Kennedy(Ml.)endoscopic and l.nd-Mackay(l.)grading systems were used to confirm CRS *** who reported subjective symptoms of IBD were referred to a gastroenterol.gist cl.nic for further ***:Twenty of the 92(20.2%,95%CI:12.6%-29.8%)CRS patients reported symptoms of IBD and four individual.(4.26%,95%CI:1.17%-10.50%)were sub-sequentl. diagnosed with *** to patients without IBD symptoms(n=72),those with symptoms(n=20)reported significantl. worse SNOT-22(P=0.002),SIBDQ(Pl.P=0.0063)***,these patients did not exhibit significantl. different Ml.(P=0.81)or l.(P=0.04)***:The preval.nce of IBD may be el.vated among individual. with CRS rel.tive to the general.Canadian *** pil.t study suggests that CRS with IBD is associated with l.wer qual.ty of *** cross-sectional.studies with l.rger sampl. sizes are required.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis microbiome Modified l.nd–Kennedy qual.ty of l.fe Sino-Nasal.Outcome Test 22(SNOT-22)