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Leaf habit differentiation explains trait tradeoffs across savanna woody plants

Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 287-295页

作者： Yangsiding Wang Da Yang German Vargas G. Guangyou Hao jennif.r s.powers Yan Ke Qin Wang Yunbing Zhang Jiaolin Zhang CAs Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China school of Biological sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA CAs Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Ecology Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Identifying how leaf habit subdivisions link to the fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance trait tradeoffs can provide new insight into divergence in ecophysiological strategies among plant functional groups. Here, we tested a hypothesis that the differentiation across deciduous, semi-deciduous and evergreen woody species contributes to physiological trait tradeoffs in a dry-hot valley savanna. We investigated 11 photosynthetic, morphological and hydraulic traits of 24 species including 8 deciduous, 10 semi-deciduous and 6 evergreen species. Deciduous species were grouped in the fast and avoidance side associated with high values of maximum photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance and leaf size, while evergreen species were grouped in the slow and tolerance side associated with high photosynthetic water use efficiency, leaf mass per area, sapwood density, Huber value, leaf water potential at turgor loss point and water potential causing 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductance. semideciduous species generally had intermediate trait values and represented different physiological characteristics when compared to deciduous and evergreen species. The physiological trait tradeoffs showed a close linkage to the differentiation of these three leaf habits. Our findings clearly reveal trait tradeoffs related to fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance strategies among diverse savanna plants, suggesting a syndrome in multiple ecophysiology strategies across different leaf habits.

关键词： Dry-hot habitat Gas exchange Hydraulics Phenology Tolerance Valley savanna

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A sweet new study: tropical forest species use nonstructural carbohydrates in different ways during drought

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 387-388页

作者： jennif.r s.powers Departments of Ecology Evolution and Behaviorand Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

Anthropogenic climate change results in more than just elevated *** regimes are also impacted,and these changes include altered rainfall amounts,seasonality and variability(Feng et al.2013),and increases in the frequency and severity of droughts(Dai 2013).Climate change is likely to have profound consequences for forests(Brodribb et al.2020).While the potential effects of droughts on forests through tree mortality have been acknowledged for some decades(Karnig and Wyford 1968),a concerted focus on trees and droughts in the scientific literature is relatively *** evidence in support of this claim,a Web of science search for the key words‘tree and mortality and drought’for the years 1900 through 2020 reveals that 82%of articles on this topic have been published in the last *** such,there is still disagreement on the mechanisms through which individual trees,species and forest communities respond to drought(Brodribb et al.2020).

关键词： drought consequences structural

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reactive oxygen species promote endurance exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscles

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第6期13卷 780-792页

作者： scott K.powers Zsolt radak Li Li Ji Malcolm Jackson Department of Applied Physiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32608USA research Institute of sport science Hungarian University of Sport ScienceBudapest 1123Hungary Department of Kinesiology University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55455USA Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing science Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L78TXUK

The discovery that contracting skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen species(rOs)was first reported over 40 years *** prevailing view in the 1980s was that exercise-induced rOs production promotes oxidation of proteins and lipids resulting in muscle ***,a paradigm shift occurred in the 1990s as growing research revealed that rOs are signaling molecules,capable of activating transcriptional activators/coactivators and promoting exercise-induced muscle *** evidence supports the notion that reduction-oxidation(redox)signaling pathways play an important role in the muscle remodeling that occurs in response to endurance exercise *** review examines the specific role that redox signaling plays in this endurance exercise-induced skeletal muscle *** begin with a discussion of the primary sites of rOs production in contracting muscle fibers followed by a summary of the antioxidant enzymes involved in the regulation of rOs levels in the *** then discuss which redox-sensitive signaling pathways promote endurance exercise-induced muscle adaptation and debate the strength of the evidence supporting the notion that redox signaling plays an essential role in muscle adaptation to endurance exercise *** hopes of stimulating future research,we highlight several important unanswered questions in this field.

关键词： Antioxidants Mitochondrial biogenesis radicals redox signaling

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A Case report: Emergency Management of a Pregnant Trauma Patient—An Anesthesiologist’s Perspective and role

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第2期14卷 25-39页

作者： Kalpana Tyagaraj Candice Ibarra Kimberly Moy Nina Luksanapol Gianna Torre raymond powers Anuj Bapodra Maimonides Medical Center New York USA

Trauma is the leading cause of death for all women of childbearing age. Motor vehicle accidents account for almost two-thirds of all maternal non-obstetric, trauma-related deaths, while falls and domestic violence comprise a large percentage of the rest. The leading causes of obstetric trauma are motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults, and gunshots, and ensuing injuries are classified as blunt abdominal trauma, pelvic fractures, or penetrating trauma . The causes are different with different life styles and different socio-economic and cultural background. Pregnant trauma victims tend to be younger, less severely injured, and more likely African American or of Hispanic descent compared with nonpregnant victims of trauma. Drugs and alcohol are a factor in about 20 percent of maternal trauma. With pregnancy comes the challenge and responsibility of caring for two patients at once, the mother and the fetus. In general, providing optimal maternal care is the best strategy to optimize fetal survival. Decision-making including the condition of the mother, gestational age, status of the fetus, and interventions are based on these key factors. Many providers are involved in the care of the pregnant patient: at the trauma scene, in the emergency department, and in the operating room. The anesthesiologist plays a key role in the care and management of the pregnant trauma patient. All anesthesiologists have ample training in obstetric anesthesia during their residency and frequently cover obstetric units in hospitals where pregnant patients are cared for. On the other hand, most nonobstetric physicians have little obstetric exposure and may be uncomfortable caring for the pregnant patient because of unfamiliarity with the physiologic changes of pregnancy or the evaluation of fetal well-being. This is not only a source of stress for other trauma providers, but can put maternal well-being at risk. Non-obstetric physicians may hesitate to order necessary diagnostic and therapeu

关键词： Obstetric Anesthesiology Ob Trauma Maternal and Fetal resuscitation

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Chinese Political Theory in Dialogue with rousseau

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2022年第1期6卷 123-140,155页

作者： Martin powers University of Michigan

Within the vast body of scholarship on the Enlightenment,only a small portion addresses the role of China in the debates of that *** those,scarcely any concerns the relationship between China and rousseau's *** the connections are many,and *** essay surveys a body of Chinese political theory available to rousseau,then compares rousseau's understanding of sovereignty,the“people,”popular will,public opinion,and the authority of office,with comparable terms present in the Chinese theory available to *** aim of this exercise is not so much to establish influence,though that can be dificult to ***,the essay attermpts to show that rousseau's system generates contradictions in part because he attempts to combine parliamentary procedure with the conception of sovereignty and the popular will found in his Chinese sources.

关键词： China political theory rousseau sovereignty popular will checks and balances public opinion corruption

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Effect of Y^(3+), Gd^(3+) and La^(3+) dopant ions on structural, optical and electrical properties of o-mullite nanoparticles

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Journal of rare Earths 2014年第1期32卷 37-42页

作者： M.M.s.sanad M.M.rashad E.A.Abdel-Aal M.F.El-shahat K.powers Central Metallurgical r & D Institute Particle Engineering research Center University of Florida Faculty of science Ain Shams University

Dielectric ceramics of M（x）Al6（1-x）si2O13 doped mullite were synthesized via co-precipitation technique. The X-ray diffrac-tion profiles revealed that these nanoparticles were crystallized well and the volume of mullite unit cell was increased as a function of the ionic radius of dopant ion. TEM images showed regular orthorhombic crystal morphology for the pure mullite sample. Meanwhile, the doped samples exhibited slightly distorted crystal morphology of larger particle sizes. DsC thermograms evinced that the exo-thermic peak temperature of mullite was shifted to the lower value with M3＋ion insertion. The photoluminescence spectra were stud-ied for mullite samples, and it was found that the intensity of the emission spectra was affected by the M3＋ion type. It was found that, Y3＋doped mullite achieved the minimum dielectric loss value of 0.01 in the radio wave frequency region （1 MHz）. Meanwhile, Gd3＋doped mullite achieved the minimum dielectric loss value of 0.09 in the microwave frequency region （1 GHz）.

关键词： rare earths doped mullite photoluminescence crystallization temperature dielectric ceramics

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Effects of historic wildfire and prescribed fire on site occupancy of bats in shenandoah National Park,Virginia,UsA

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Journal of Forestry research 2020年第4期31卷 1255-1270页

作者： Lauren V.Austin Alexander silvis W.Mark Ford Karen E.powers Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA resource Environmental solutions WarrentonVA 20187USA U.s.Geological survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitBlacksburgVA 24061USA Biology Department Radford UniversityRadfordVA 24141USA

Given the likelihood of regional extirpation of several once-common bat species in eastern North America from white-nose syndrome,it is critical that the impacts of forest management activities,such as prescribed fire,are known in order to minimize potentially additive negative effects on bat *** wildfires may offer a suitable surrogate to assess long-term burn impacts on bats for planning,implementing and assessing burn *** examine the effects of historic fire on bats,we sampled bat activities at 24 transect locations in burned and unburned forest stands in the central Appalachian Mountains of shenandoah National Park(sNP),Virginia,*** was limited evidence of positive fire effects over time on hoary bats(Lasiurus cinereus Beauvois)and big brown bats(Eptesicus fuscus Beauvois)***,there were few or mostly equivocal relationships of bat occupancy relative to burn conditions or time since fire in sNP across species using a false-positive occupancy *** results suggest that fire does not strongly affect bat site occupancy short-or long-term in the central Appalachians.

关键词： Appalachian mountains Bats False-positive occupancy Prescribed fire Wildfire

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sOPHIE: Generative Neural Networks separate Common and specific Transcriptional responses

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第5期20卷 912-927页

作者： Alexandra J.Lee Dallas L.Mould Jake Crawford Dongbo Hu rani K.powers Georgia Doing James C.Costello Deborah A.Hogan Casey s.Greene Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Program University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNH 03755USA Department of systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineDenverCO 80045USA Center for Health AI University of Colorado School of MedicineDenverCO 80045USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado School of MedicineDenverCO 80045USA

Genome-wide transcriptome profiling identifies genes that are prone to differential expression(DE)across contexts,as well as genes with changes specific to the experimental *** genes that are specifically changed in a context of interest from common differentially expressed genes(DEGs)allows more efficient prediction of which genes are specific to a given biological process under ***,common DEGs or pathways can only be identified through the laborious manual curation of experiments,an inordinately time-consuming *** we pioneer an approach,specific cOntext Pattern Highlighting In Expression data(sOPHIE),for distinguishing between common and specific transcriptional patterns using a generative neural network to create a background set of experiments from which a null distribution of gene and pathway changes can be *** apply sOPHIE to diverse datasets including those from human,human cancer,and bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas *** identifies common DEGs in concordance with previously described,manually and systematically determined common *** molecular validation indicates that sOPHIE detects highly specific but low-magnitude biologically relevant transcriptional ***’s measure of specificity can complement log2 fold change values generated from traditional DE *** example,by filtering the set of DEGs,one can identify genes that are specifically relevant to the experimental condition of ***,these results can inform future research *** scripts used in these analyses are available at https://***/greenelab/*** can access https://***/greenelab/sophie to run sOPHIE on their own data.

关键词： Neural network Transcriptomics software Differential expression analysis Machine learning

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A homozygous nonsense mutation in DNAJC30 causes Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy with Leigh-like phenotypes

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第4期10卷 1165-1168页

作者： Chao shen Kitty Wang Wei Li Alvaro serrano Kelly powers Chengwan Zhang Jianjun Chen Miao sun Department of systems Biology Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonroviaCA 91016USA Division of Medical Genetics Department of PediatricsChildren’s Hospital Los Angeles/Keck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCA 90027USA Division of Neurology Children’s Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90027USA Division of Genomic Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren’s Hospital Los Angeles/Keck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCA 90027USA

Nuclear encoded genes can cause early-onset mitochon-dria-related disorders such as Leigh or Leigh-like *** in DNAJC30 have been implicated in mitochondria-related diseases such as Leber’s hereditary optic neuropa-thy(LHON)and Williams syndrome(Ws).However,the role of DNAJC30 in disease progression concerning mitochon-drial dysfunction has yet to be fully *** we report a 12-year-old boy with acute dystonia onset at age 10.

关键词： Leigh Leber acute

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EXErCIsE，ANTIOXIDANTs，AND CArDIOPrOTECTION

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中国运动医学杂志 2004年第1期23卷 57-63页

作者： scottK.powers Ph.D. Ed.D. DepartmentofExerciseandsportsciences DepartmentofPhysiology UnwenityofFloridaGainesville FloridaU.S.A.

Cardiovascular disease continues to be the number one cause of death in the United states.

关键词：运动抗氧化剂心功能保护心血管疾病冠状动脉疾病

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