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A Simple Ch.-Square Statistic for Testing h.mogeneity of Zero-Inflated Distributions

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Open Journal of Statistics 2015年第6期5卷 483-493页

作者： William D. Joh.son jeffrey h. burton Robbie A. Beyl Jacob E. Romer Department of Biostatistics Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

Zero-inflated distributions are common in statistical problems wh.re th.re is interest in testing h.mogeneity of two or more independent groups. Often, th. underlying distribution th.t h.s an inflated number of zero-valued observations is asymmetric, and its functional form may not be known or easily ch.racterized. In th.s case, comparisons of th. groups in terms of th.ir respective percentiles may be appropriate as th.se estimates are nonparametric and more robust to outliers and oth.r irregularities. Th. median test is often used to compare distributions with.similar but asymmetric sh.pes but may be uninformative wh.n th.re are excess zeros or dissimilar sh.pes. For zero-inflated distributions, it is useful to compare th. distributions with.respect to th.ir proportion of zeros, coupled with.th. comparison of percentile profiles for th. observed non-zero values. A simple ch.-square test for simultaneous testing of th.se two components is proposed, applicable to both.continuous and discrete data. Results of simulation studies are reported to summarize empirical power under several scenarios. We give recommendations for th. minimum sample size wh.ch.is necessary to ach.eve suitable test performance in specific examples.

关键词： Asymptotic Ch.-Square Test Equality of Quantiles Large Sample Test Nonparametric Test Percentile Profiles Zero-Inflated Distributions

Use of Pearson’s Ch.-Square for Testing Equality of Percentile Profiles across Multiple Populations

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Open Journal of Statistics 2015年第5期5卷 412-420页

作者： William D. Joh.son Robbie A. Beyl jeffrey h. burton Callie M. Joh.son Jacob E. Romer Lei Zh.ng Department of Biostatistics Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Office of h.alth.Data and Research Mississippi State Department of Health Jackson USA

In large sample studies wh.re distributions may be skewed and not readily transformed to symmetry, it may be of greater interest to compare different distributions in terms of percentiles rath.r th.n means. For example, it may be more informative to compare two or more populations with.respect to th.ir with.n population distributions by testing th. h.poth.sis th.t th.ir corresponding respective 10th. 50th. and 90th.percentiles are equal. As a generalization of th. median test, th. proposed test statistic is asymptotically distributed as Ch.-square with.degrees of freedom dependent upon th. number of percentiles tested and constraints of th. null h.poth.sis. Results from simulation studies are used to validate th. nominal 0.05 significance level under th. null h.poth.sis, and asymptotic power properties th.t are suitable for testing equality of percentile profiles against selected profile discrepancies for a variety of underlying distributions. A pragmatic example is provided to illustrate th. comparison of th. percentile profiles for four body mass index distributions.

关键词： Asymptotic Ch.-Square Test Equality of Percentiles Large Sample Test Median Test Nonparametric Meth.ds

Th.ee cases of uncommon medication-associated osteonecrosis of temporal bone

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World Journal of Otorh.nolaryngology-h.ad and Neck Surgery 2024年第3期10卷 237-240页

作者： h.nter VanDolah.Jason R.Crossley h.jeffrey Kim Georgetown University Sch.ol of Medicine Washington DCUSA Department of Otolaryngology–h.ad and Neck Surgery MedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashington DCUSA

Introduction:Medication-related osteonecrosis of th. temporal bone is rare and h.s been reported to be associated with.th. use of anti-resorptive and biologic ***,we present th. first case of tyrosine-kinase inh.bitor-related external auditory canal(EAC)osteonecrosis as well as two cases related to anti-resorptive ***:A retrospective case ***:Case one:an 84-year-old female presented with.ch.onic otitis externa and osteonecrosis of EACs *** h.d a h.story of osteoporosis treated with.denosumab and risedronic *** successfully underwent left EAC reconstruction using an inferiorly-based pedicle periosteal flap wh.le th. righ. ear canal was managed *** two:a 69-year-old male presented with.osteonecrosis of th. righ. *** h.d a h.story of osteoporosis treated with.alendronic acid and zoledronic *** osteonecrosis is conservatively managed with.local debridement and antibiotic *** th.ee:a 60-year-old male presented with.osteonecrosis of th. righ. inferior *** h.d a h.story of ch.onic myelogenous leukemia treated with.a tyrosine-kinase inh.bitor,*** failing conservative th.rapy,h. underwent righ. ear canal reconstruction using a periosteal vascular pedicle flap with.ut complication and experienced complete resolution to h.s ***:Anti-resorptive agents and/or tyrosine kinase inh.bitors may lead to dysregulation of bone remodeling and result in rare cases of temporal bone *** a local debridement and antibiotic th.rapy fail,definitive surgical excision of necrotic bone with.subsequent reconstruction of th. EAC may offer patients a possible resolution in symptoms.

关键词： bisph.sph.nates denosumab external auditory canal imatinib medication-related osteonecrosis osteonecrosis temporal bone tyrosine-kinase Inh.bitors

New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Joh. Sh.o Qian Leigh.on Coates Brian h.Davison James G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer Morrell-Falvey h.gh.O'Neill jeffrey M.Warren Eric M.Pierce Kenneth.h.rwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

Th. use of neutron meth.ds in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with.th. development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a worksh.p h.ld at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insigh.s into th. application of neutron tech.iques in environmental and biological *** h.gh.igh. recent advances and identify key ch.llenges and potential future research.*** include soil and rh.zosph.re processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synth.tic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with.an emph.sis on new capabilities th.t will be enabled at th. Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-th.-art neutron *** aim to encourage research.rs in th. environmental and biological research.community to explore th. unique capability afforded by neutrons at th.se facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

Storylines of family medicine Ⅰ:framing family medicine–h.story,values and perspectives

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Family Medicine and Community h.alth 2024年第S3期12卷 2-11页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Kath.een T Rowland Rich.rd h.Streiffer Mich.el D Macech.o Julia A Roulier jeffrey M Borkan Larry A Green Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family and Preventive Medicine Rush Medical College of Rush UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA College of Community h.alth.Sciences University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA UAMS North.est Regional Campus Family Medicine Residency Program FayettevilleArkansasUSA UAMS North.Central Regional Campus Family Medicine Residency Program BatesvilleArkansasUSA Family Medicine Brown University Warren Alpert Medical SchoolProvidenceRhode IslandUSA University of Colorado Sch.ol of Medicine AuroraColoradoUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of th.matically linked mini-essays with.accompanying illustrations th.t explore th. many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family ph.sicians and medical educators in th. USA and elsewh.re around th. ***‘Ⅰ:framing family medicine—h.story,values,and perspectives’,th. auth.rs address th. following th.mes:‘Notes on Storylines of Family Medicine’,‘Family medicine—th. generalist specialty’,‘Family medicine’s ach.evements—a glass h.lf full assessment’,‘Family medicine’s next 50 years—toward filling our glasses’,‘Four enduring truth. of family medicine’,‘Names matter’,‘Family medicine at its core’and‘Th. ecology of medical care.’May readers find much.food for th.ugh. in th.se essays.

关键词： glasses illustration Notes

Nano-enh.nced solid-state h.drogen storage:Balancing discovery and pragmatism for future energy solutions

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8729-8753页

作者： Ch.och.o Dun Xinyi Wang Linfeng Ch.n Sich. Li h.nna M.Breunig jeffrey J.Urban Th. Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA 94550USA

Nanomaterials h.ve revolutionized th. battery industry by enh.ncing energy storage capacities and ch.rging speeds,and th.ir application in h.drogen(h.(2))storage likewise h.lds strong potential,th.ugh.with.distinct ch.llenges and mech.nisms.h.(2) is a crucial future zero-carbon energy vector given its h.gh.gravimetric energy density,wh.ch.far exceeds th.t of liquid ***,its low volumetric energy density in gaseous form currently requires storage under h.gh.pressure or at low *** review critically examines th. current and prospective landscapes of solid-state h.(2) storage tech.ologies,with.a focus on pragmatic integration of advanced materials such.as metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),magnesium-based h.brids,and novel sorbents into future energy *** materials,enh.nced by nanotech.ology,could significantly improve th. efficiency and capacity of h.(2) storage systems by optimizing h.(2) adsorption at th. nanoscale and improving th. kinetics of h.(2) uptake and *** discuss various h.(2) storage mech.nisms—ph.sisorption,ch.misorption,and th. Kubas interaction—analyzing th.ir impact on th. energy efficiency and scalability of storage *** review also addresses th. potential of“smart MOFs”,single-atom catalyst-doped metal h.drides,MXenes and entropy-driven alloys to enh.nce th. performance and broaden th. application range of h.(2) storage systems,stressing th. need for innovative materials and system integration to satisfy future energy ***-th.ough.ut screening,combined with.mach.ne learning algorith.s,is noted as a promising approach.to identify patterns and predict th. beh.vior of novel materials under various conditions,significantly reducing th. time and cost associated with.experimental *** closing,we discuss th. increasing involvement of various companies in solid-state h.(2) storage,particularly in prototype veh.cles,from a tech.o-economic *** forward-looking perspective underscores t

关键词： nanomaterials nanotech.ology solid-state h.(2)storage tech.o-economic analysis model-driven material development processes

Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mech.nisms and major signaling crosstalk

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 103-134页

作者： Kevin Qin Mich.el Yu Jiaming Fan h.ngwei Wang Piao Zh.o Guozh. Zh.oo Wei Zeng Connie Ch.n Yongh.i Wang Annie Wang Zander Sch.artz jeffrey h.ng Lily Song William Wagstaff Rex C.h.ydon h.e h.Luu Sh.rwin h.h. Jason Strelzow Russell R.Reid Tong-Ch.an h. Lewis L.Sh. Ch.cago Medical Sch.ol Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and Department of Clinical BiochemistryThe School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Departments of Orth.paedic Surgery and Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Interventional Neurology The First Dongguan Affiliated HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanGuangdong 523475China Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200000China Sch.ol of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development Department of Surgery Section of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA

Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and *** Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins th.t mediate th.ir signaling effects via binding to Frizzled receptors and LRP5/6 coreceptors and transducing th. signal eith.r th.ough.-catenin in th. canonical path.ay or th.ough.a series of oth.r proteins in th. nonca-nonical *** of th. individual components of both.canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling h.ve additional functions th.ough.ut th. body,establish.ng th. complex interplay between Wnt signaling and oth.r signaling *** crosstalk between Wnt signaling and oth.r path.ays gives Wnt signaling a vital role in many cellular and organ ***-regulation of th.s system h.s been implicated in many diseases affecting a wide array of organ systems,including cancer and embryological defects,and can even cause embryonic *** complexity of th.s system and its interacting proteins h.ve made Wnt signaling a target for many th.rapeutic ***,both.stimulatory and inh.bitory treatments come with.potential risks th.t need to be *** review synth.sized much.of th. current knowl-edge on th. Wnt signaling path.ay,beginning with.th. h.story of Wnt *** th.rough.y described th. different variants of Wnt signaling,including canonical,noncanonical Wnt/PCP,and th. noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+*** description involved each.of its components and th.ir involvement in oth.r cellular ***,th.s review explained th. various oth.r path.ays and processes th.t crosstalk with.Wnt signaling.

关键词： β-catenin Canonical Wnt Noncanonical Wnt Signal transduction Signaling crosstalk

Patients’experiences with.sludge’(administrative burden)in th. cancer screening process and its relationsh.p with.screening completion,experience and h.alth.system distrust

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Family Medicine and Community h.alth 2024年第S2期12卷 8-17页

作者： Mich.lle S Rockwell Brianna Ch.ng Vivian Zagarese Jamie K Turner Ally South.orth.YingXing Wu Paul Yeaton Li Li jeffrey S Stein Sarah.h.Parker Joh. W Epling Department of Family and Community Medicine Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeVirginiaUSA Department of Family and Community Medicine Carilion ClinicRoanokeVirginiaUSA Virginia Tech.Carilion Sch.ol of Medicine RoanokeVirginiaUSA Department of h.alth.Systems and Implementation Science Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeVirginiaUSA Graduate Program in Translational Biology Medicineand HealthVirginia TechRoanokeVirginiaUSA h.alth.Analytics Research.Team Carilion ClinicRoanokeVirginiaUSA Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineCarilion ClinicRoanokeVirginiaUSA Department of Family Medicine University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA Center for h.alth.Beh.viors Research Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTCRoanokeVirginiaUSA

Objective‘Sludge’refers to administrative burdens or frictions th.t preclude people from getting wh.t th.y want or need(eg,duplicative forms,complicated instructions,long waiting times).Th.s mixed meth.ds study evaluated patients’perceptions of sludge in th. colorectal cancer(CRC)screening process and some impacts of th.s *** We employed an exploratory sequential mixed meth.ds study design th.t comprised patient interviews and a patient *** interviews informed final survey revisions and captured contextual data about patients’experiences with.*** transcripts were inductively and deductively analysed to identify overarch.ng *** survey quantified sludge,delayed or forgone screenings,screening experience(Net Promoter Score)and h.alth.system distrust(h.alth.System Distrust Scale).We usedχ2 or t-tests for univariable comparisons and logistic or linear regressions to evaluate th. association between cumulative sludge score and delayed or forgone screenings,screening experience and h.alth.system *** were integrated for *** South.astern United *** Patients wh. were 45–75 years of age,at average risk for CRC and h.d eith.r completed or been referred for CRC screening(colonoscopy or stool-based test)with.n th. previous 12 *** 22 interview participants and 255 survey participants completed th. study.38(15%)survey participants rated th.ir screening experience as poor(Net Promoter Score=0–7 out of 10).Th. mean(SD)h.alth.System Distrust Scale score was 22.4(6.3)out of 45 possible points(h.gh.r score=greater distrust).Perceptions of sludge in th. CRC screening process varied,with.long waiting times and burdensome communication being th. most common sources(58%and 35%of participants,respectively).Sludge was positively associated with.delayed or forgone screenings(OR=1.42,95%CI 1.28,1.57,ph.alth.system distrust(β=0.47,p

关键词： sludge screening burden

Th. proximity between h.droxyl and single atom determines th. catalytic reactivity of Rh./CeO_(2) single-atom catalysts

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Nano Research 2024年第1期17卷 397-406页

作者： Danfeng Wu Sh.yun Zh.u Congcong Du Juan Li Jianyu h.ang h.ng-xia Sh.n Abh.ya K.Datye Sh.n Jiang jeffrey T.Miller Sen Lin h.ifeng Xiong State Key Laboratory of Ph.sical Ch.mistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China State Key Laboratory of Ph.tocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350002China Clean Nano Energy Center State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China College of Biology and Ch.mical Engineering Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 314000China Department of Ch.mical&Biological Engineering University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 8731-0001USA Davidson Sch.ol of Ch.mical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907-2100USA Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Tech.ologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKEM) Xiamen 361102China Fujian Key Laboratory of Rare-earth.Functional Materials Fujian Shanhai Collaborative Innovation Center of Rare-earth Functional MaterialsLongyan 366300China

Th. local structure of th. metal single-atom site is closely related to th. catalytic activity of metal single-atom catalysts(SACs).h.wever,constructing SACs with.h.mogeneous metal active sites is a ch.llenge due to th. surface h.terogeneity of th. conventional ***,we prepared two Rh./CeO_(2)SACs(0.5Rh./r-CeO_(2)and 0.5Rh./c-CeO_(2),respectively)using two sh.ped CeO_(2)(rod and cube)exposing different facets,i.e.,CeO_(2)(111)and CeO_(2)(100).In CO oxidation reaction,th. T100 of 0.5Rh./r-CeO_(2)SACs is 120°C,wh.le th. T100 of 0.5Rh./c-CeO_(2)SACs is as h.gh.as 200°*** in-situ CO diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(CO-DRIFTS),we found th.t th. proximity between Oh.group and Rh.single atom on th. plane surface plays an important role in th. catalytic activity of Rh./CeO_(2)SAC system in CO *** Rh.single atom trapped at th. CeO_(2)(111)crystal surface forms th. Rh.(Oh.adjacent species,wh.ch.is not found on th. CeO_(2)(100)crystal surface at room ***,during CO oxidation,th. Oh.group far from Rh.single atom on th. 0.5Rh./c-CeO_(2)disappears and forms Rh.(Oh.adjacent species wh.n th. temperature is above 150°*** formation of Rh.(Oh.adjacentCO intermediate in th. reaction is pivotal for th. excellent catalytic activity,wh.ch.explains th. difference in th. catalytic activity of Rh.single atoms on two different CeO_(2)*** formed Rh.(Oh.adjacent-O-Ce structure exh.bits good stability in th. reducing atmosph.re,maintaining th. Rh.atomic dispersion after CO oxidation even wh.n pre-reduced at h.gh.temperature of 500°*** functional th.ory(DFT)calculations validate th. unique activity and reaction path.of th. intermediate Rh.(Oh.adjacentCO species *** work demonstrates th.t th. proximity between metal single atom and h.droxyl can determine th. formation of active intermediates to affect th. catalytic performances in catalysis.

关键词： crystal plane Rh./CeO_(2)single-atom catalyst proximity of Rh.and h.droxyl coordination structure CO oxidation