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Evaluation of the Care of Children Aged 0 to 10 Years Hospitalized for Severe Malaria at the Tambacounda Health Center, Senegal

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 581-594页

作者： Tidiane Gadiaga Aminata Fall Alioune Badara Gueye Siré Sagna Bayal Cissé Mouhamadou Faly Ba Médoune Ndiop Babacar Gueye Samba Cor Sarr Sylla Thiam Elhadji Ba Konko Ciré jean louis Abdou ndiaye Issa Wone Directorate of Research Planning and Statistics Ministry of Health and Social Action Dakar Senegal Faculty of Medicine Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal Presidents Malaria Initiative USAID Dakar Senegal Tambacounda Health District Ministry of Health and Social Action Tambacounda Senegal Institute of Health and Development Faculty of Medicine Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) Dakar Senegal UFR Sant Faculty of Medicine Iba Der Thiam University of This This Senegal

Introduction: Malaria remains a public health priority in Senegal, particularly in Tambacounda, where it is one of the main causes of child mortality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the care of children under 10 years of age hospitalized at the Tambacounda Health Center and the factors associated with recovery. Methods: An analytical, retrospective, and descriptive cross-sectional study with exhaustive recruitment of children 0 to 120 months hospitalized at the Tambacounda reference health center for severe malaria (according to WHO criteria) between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021 was performed. Data collection was done through a questionnaire. Records, hospitalization records, and treatment records were the sources of collection. Data entry and analysis were performed on Epi Info 7.2 and R. Results: A total of 481 children hospitalized with severe malaria were recruited. The highest number of cases was recorded in 2018 (33.05%). In the four years of the study, peaks were always observed between October and November and the highest peak in November 2020 with 95 cases. The mean age was 65.64 months with a standard deviation of 29.28 months and a predominance of male (53.43%). The majority of people were admitted from the outpatient clinic (57.79%) and the rest (42.21%) on the recommendation of a peripheral health post. All hospitalized patients had a positive RDT and/or a positive thick drop. However, the sharp decline at admission or during hospitalization was positive in 93.80% of patients in our series, negative in 5.20% and not achieved in 1.00%. Seizures and severe anemia topped the list of signs of severity with 45.94% and 8.11%, respectively. In terms of evolution, for all hospitalized patients, there were 81.29% recovery, 10.19% referral to the Tambacounda regional hospital center for hospitalization, 4.99% death, 0.83% discharge and 2.70% unknown evolution. There was a statistically significant association between recovery without referral f

关键词： Severe Malaria Children Tambacounda Senegal

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Scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography analysis of non-stoichiometry long-period-stacking-ordered structures in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 954-965页

作者： Yimeng Chen Manuel Legrée jean-louis Bobet Alexander Kvit CAMECA Instruments Inc MadisonWI 53711USA ICMCB Universitéde BordeauxPessacCEDEX 33608France NIAC&Materials Science Department University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA

The long-period-stacking-ordered(LPSO)structure affects the mechanical,corrosion and hydrolysis properties of Mg *** current work employs high angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)and atom probe tomography(APT)to investigate the structural and local chemical information of LPSO phases formed in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm ternary alloys after extended isothermal *** on the alloying elements and their concentrations,Mg-Ni-Y/Sm develops a two-phase LPSO+α-Mg structure in which the LPSO phase contains defects,hybrid LPSO structure,and Mg ***-STEM and APT indicate non-stoichiometric LPSO with incomplete Ni_(6)(Y/Sm)_(8) *** addition,the APT quantitatively determines the local composition of LPSO and confirms the presence of Ni within the Mg bonding *** results provide insight into a better understanding of the structure and hydrolysis properties of LPSO-Mg alloys.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Long-range ordering Atom probe tomography(APT) STEM HAADF Hydrolysis properties.

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Assessment of HRP2-Based RDT in Diagnosing Malaria Cases

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Journal of Life Sciences 2012年第6期6卷 602-607页

作者： Yemou Dieng Doudou Sow Therese Dieng Abdourahmane Sow Babacar Faye jean louis ndiaye Daouda ndiaye Roger Cl6ment Tine Khadime Sylla Oumar Faye Oumar Ndir Oumar Gaye Department of Parasitology-Mycology Dakar Universite Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Fann 5005 Senegal Department of Parasitology-Mycology Dakar Centre HospitaIier Universitaire National de Farm Dakar 5035 Senegal

Background： HRP2-based Rapid Diagnostic Tests （RDTs） for malaria ensure a rational use of artemisinin-based combination therapy （ACT）. The HRP2 antigen can go through the cerebrospinal fluid （CSF）. Purpose： To assess the HRP2-based RDT in malaria and detect the HRP2 in CSF. Methods： From November 2006 to May 2007, all patients under 15 years showing clinical symptoms of malaria were included. RDT was performed on the CSF and peripheral blood. Results： Out of the 951 patients included, 131 （13.7%） were confirmed through RDT and 130 （13.6%） through thick blood smear. Sensitivity and specificity stood at 96.96% and 99.71% respectively, for uncomplicated cases and at 100% and 99.13% for severe cases. Tests to detect HRP2 in the CSF of 52 cases were negative. Conclusion： Tests to detect HRP2 in the CSF could make it possible to diagnose severe malaria cases when peripheral parasitemia would be below the detection threshold.

关键词： Malaria rapid diagnostic test paediatrics HRP2 antigen cerebrospinal fluid

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Virologic Failure among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) Monitored in a Decentralized Health Care Facility

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2019年第3期9卷 226-237页

作者： Selly Ba Ndeye Diama Ba Lamanatou Sembene Habibatou Dia Mohamed Coulibaly jean louis ndiaye Ndeye Méry Dia Cheikh Tidiane Ndour Doctoral School of Thies University Thies Senegal Intrahealth International Dakar Senegal Roi Baudouin Hospital Dakar Senegal AIDS Monitoring Unit/Ministry of Health Dakar Senegal Department of Health Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal

Introduction: In Senegal, the decentralization of Health Care Centers has contributed significantly to the intensification of antiretroviral treatment. However, Care providers are still facing the treatment optimizing challenge. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of virologic failures of PLHIV monitored in a decentralized Health care center and to determine associated factors. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study of PLHIV, aged 18 years and over, on first-line treatment, monitored onsite from February 1st to December 31st, 2018. A data collection form was completed from medical records (clinical, immuno-virologic and evolutionary). Any VL > 1000 cp/ml after 6 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) was considered as virologic failure. Data were captured and analysed using the EPI INFO 2002software. Chi-square test and the Fisher test were used to compare the proportions;a value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 331 patients were treated with HIV-1 profile in 89% of cases. A proportion of 55% was married and 97% came from rural areas. 80% were either not or poorly educated. The median of age was 44 ± 11 years with a F/M ratio of 3.4. At baseline, 56% were symptomatic at stage 3 or 4 of WHO. They had severe immunosuppression with a median CD4 count of 217 ± 187 cells/mm3, the viral load was detectable in half of the patients with a median VL of 97,000 cp/ml ± 70,569. The antiretroviral regimen combined 2 NRTIs with 1 NNRTI in 88% of cases. The median of follow-up was estimated at 60 ± 43 months. The prevalence of virologic failure was 19%. This prevalence was associated with age less than 25 years (p = 0.04), late diagnosis (CD4 at baseline less than 200 cel/mm3 (p = 0.002), stage 3 or 4 WHO (p = 0.04) High viral load greater than 10,000 (p = 0.04) at baseline. Conclusion: These results suggest making the new therapeutic classes accessible for first-line treatment.

关键词： ART Virologic Failure Associated Factors

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vaginal Trichomoniasis in Women: Study at the University Hospital of Pikine in the Suburbs of Dakar, Senegal

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第2期13卷 291-302页

作者： Isaac Akhénaton Manga David Ngom Marie Pierre Diouf Carole Pab Minlekib Souleye Lelo Cheikh Binetou Fall Khadime Sylla Doudou Sow jean louis ndiaye Magatte ndiaye Roger Clément Tine Babacar Faye Parasitology-Mycology Department Faculty of Medicine-Pharmacy-Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Gynecology Department Keur Massar Health Centre Dakar Senegal Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory University Hospital of Pikine Dakar Senegal Parasitology-Mycology Department UFR Santé Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Parasitology-Mycology Department UFR Santé Iba Der Thiam University Thiès Senegal

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of genital trichomoniasis in Senegal. It sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with this condition in Senegal. Methodology: The study took place at the university hospital of Pikine in the suburbs of Dakar. For each of the women recruited, socio-demographic data, clinical examination data and the results of direct examination of the vaginal sample were collected in a questionnaire designed for this purpose. Results: A total of 312 women with a mean age of 31.13 (±8.41) years were recruited in this study. The majority of these women (59.94%;95% CI = 54.25 - 65.38), were seen for an infectious diseases assessment. Leucorrhea (58.33%;95% CI = 52.63 - 63.83) and genital discharge on vaginal touch (99.36%;95% CI = 97.45 - 99.89) were the predominant signs on clinical examination. The overall prevalence of vaginal trichomoniasis after direct examination of the specimens was 1.28% (95% CI = 0.41 - 3.47). Only the distribution of this prevalence by occupation was statistically significant (p = 0.0004). Conclusion: The low prevalence of genital trichomoniasis in women and the risk factors associated with it found in this study, which took place about ten years ago, should prompt an update of the data to better define the problem in Senegal.

关键词： Vaginal Trichomoniasis Prevalence Risk Factors Dakar Suburb Senegal

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Factors Associated with Adverse Therapeutic Outcomes in People Living with HIV (PLHIV) Monitored in Roi Baudouin Health Care Center, Dakar, Senegal

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World Journal of AIDS 2020年第1期10卷 23-35页

作者： Selly Ba Ndeye Diama Ba Lamanatou Sembene Thierno Souleymane Baal Anne Habibatou Dia jean louis ndiaye Ndeye Mery Dia Badiane Cheikh Tidiane Ndour Doctoral School of Thies University Thies Senegal Intrahealth International Dakar Senegal Roi Baudouin Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Health Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal AIDS Department/Ministry of Health Dakar Senegal

Background: Optimizing antiretroviral therapy is an essential step to reach the 90 - 90 - 90 targets. Despite tremendous progress made for antiretroviral treatment (ART) to be accessible in countries with limited resources, health care providers continue to face challenges due to the under-optimization of ART due to therapeutic failures and poor retention. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of adverse therapeutic outcomes in a decentralized health care center and to determine associated factors. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study targeting PLHIV, aged 18 years and over, on first line antiretroviral treatment (ART), monitored onsite from February 1st to December 31st, 2018. A data collection form was completed from medical records (clinical, immuno-virological, therapeutic and evolutionary). Data were also collected from interviews with patients for additional socio-demographic information including the level of HIV knowledge. Data were captured and analyzed using EPI 2002 and R software. Proportions were compared using the chi -square and Fisher tests and logistic regression. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 331 patients were enrolled with HIV-1 profile in 89% of the cases. A proportion of 55% was married and 98% came from the rural area. 80% were either not or poorly educated. The median of age was 44 ± 11 years with a F/M ratio of 3.5. 30% that had not shared their HIV status, and more than half had a low knowledge of HIV transmission. At baseline, 56% were symptomatic at WHO stage 3 or 4. They had severe immunosuppression with a median CD4 count of 217 ± 187 cells/mm3;the viral load was detectable in half of the patients with a median viral load (VL) of 97,000 ± 70,569 cp/ml. The antiretroviral regimens combined 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with 1 no nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) in 88% of the cases. The median duration of follow-up was estimated

关键词： Antiretroviral Treatment Adverse Therapeutic Outcomes Associated Factors

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Study of the Frequency of Superficial Candidiasis at the Fann National Hospital: Search for Candida auris

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第4期13卷 536-549页

作者： Carole Pab Minlekib Doudou Sow Isaac Akhenaton Manga Mamadou Dia Marie Pierre Fatou Diouf Aminata Lam Cheikh Binetou Fall Souleye Lelo Magatte ndiaye Khadim Sylla jean louis Abdourahim ndiaye Roger Clement Kouly Tine Thèrèse Dieng Babacar Faye Department of Parasitology and Mycology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Department of Parasitology and Mycology Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology CHNU of Fann Dakar Senegal

Background: Superficial candidiasis is a very frequent opportunistic disease caused by yeasts of the genus Candida. Among Candida types, some, such as Candida auris, have developed resistance to several antifungal agents. The objective of this study was to determine the hospital frequency of superficial candidiasis diagnosed at the CHU Fann and to investigate the presence of C. auris among the identified Candida strains. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2019. It involved all patients received at the Parasitology-Mycology laboratory of the CHU of Fann for suspected superficial candidiasis. Nails, skin, and vaginal specimens were subjected to direct examination and culture to identify yeasts of the genus Candida. The Candida strains were then tested by molecular biology targeting the specific C. auris ITS2 region. Results: A total of 1196 patients were examined. One thousand two hundred and five specimens (1205) were collected, including 1042 vaginal specimens, 92 nail specimens, and 71 skin specimens. Superficial candidiasis was diagnosed in 408 patients (37%). Women (34.52%) and patients under 30 years of age (39.60%) were the most affected. Yeasts of the genus Candida were found in 411 specimens (349 vaginal swabs, 36 nail fragments, and 26 skin flakes) by routine mycological techniques. The Candida albicans complex (C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and C. africana) represented 75.91% of the Candida strains isolated. Molecular biology did not identify C. auris. Conclusion: Superficial candidiasis remains very common in hospitals in Senegal. Candida auris was not found in our study. Due to its rapid spread, surveillance is necessary to prevent epidemics in our hospitals.

关键词： Superficial Candidiasis C. auris Frequency Senegal

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Impact of COVID-19 on Biological Diagnosis of Malaria: Case of the Thierno Mouhamadoul Mansour Barro Hospital in Mbour, Senegal

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第1期13卷 31-40页

作者： Isaac Akhénaton Manga Coura Seye Ameth Dramé Cheikh Binetou Fall Souleye Lélo Carole Pab Minlekib Marie Pierre Diouf jean louis Abdourahim ndiaye Khadime Sylla Babacar Faye Service Parasitologie-Mycologie FMPO UCAD Dakar Senegal Ministry of Health and Social Action Dakar Senegal Hôpital Thierno Mouhamadoul Mansour Barro de Mbour Medical Region of Thiès Mbour Senegal Parasitology-Mycology Department UFR Santé Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès Thiès Senegal

Background: In Africa, malaria-endemic regions have not been spared from COVID-19 outbreak which emerged in the first quarter of 2020. This pandemic has shown clinical and therapeutic similarities with malaria. This following study sought to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the malaria diagnosis. Method: A review of laboratory registers and an exploitation of the District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) to collect information on the diagnosis of malaria by microscopy and by rapid diagnostic test (RDT), but also that of COVID-19 was done from 2017 to 2021 at the Thierno Mouhamadoul Mansour Hospital in Mbour, Senegal. Results: In 2017, 199 Thick drops (TDs) and 1852 RDTs were performed for malaria diagnosis. In 2018, it was 2352 malaria tests with 2138 RDTs and 214 TDs, before reaching a peak of 3943 tests in 2019 including 3742 RDTs and 201 TDs. By 2020, 2263 tests were performed with 2097 malaria RDTs, 158 TDs and 8 COVID RDTs. The latter increased significantly in 2021, reaching 444 COVID RDTs, while TDs and malaria RDT kept decreasing to 147 and 1036 respectively. Positive TDs were higher in 2020 (11.4%) compared to 2017 (3.5%), 2018 (1.4%), 2019 (6.5%) and 2021 (6.8%). For malaria RDTs, a decrease in the number of positive tests was noted between 2017 (4.5%) and 2021 (1.3%). The COVID RDTs were all negative in 2020, 29.5% were positive and 4.1% were undetermined in 2021. Conclusion: COVID-19 has led to changes in efforts to diagnose malaria as well as an increase in malaria prevalence directed towards children under 5 years of age.

关键词： Impact COVID-19 Biological Diagnosis Malaria Senegal

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Joint Management of Shared Resources, Issues and Conflicts of the Nso and Oku Tribes in the Ngongbaa Montane Forest Area, NWR of Cameroon

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Natural Resources 2024年第6期15卷 149-172页

作者： jean-louis Tatah Elvis Kah Department of Geography Faculty of Arts Letters and Social Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

Wherever people live together in or near homelands that harbour joint natural resources such as forest, water, minerals, oil etc., they must collaborate, co-exist and share these resources irrespective of their genetic, social, cultural, and political peculiarities. This is not always the case when self-interest, ethnic divisions, elitist politics, economic interest and power tussle set in. The Nso and Oku people who reside in the Ngongbaa Forest area constitute an example of joint management of resources where at one period, their relationship over the management of the Oku Mountain Forest was cordial and at another, the relationship became conflictive. This study was designed to study the influence of the KIFP forest management policies on the Nso indigenous forest Management system in Ngongbaa Forest, and its implications. The data collected for the study was secured through the administration of a questionnaire to residents of 10 villages adjacent to the Ngongbaa Forest, and forest users who carried out livelihood activities there between 1963 and 2015. These forest user groups include beekeepers, rat trappers, grazers, mushroom gatherers, ground honey/tree honey harvesters, carvers, etc. The investigation also extended to the traditional leaders of Nso and Oku who are in charge of the land tenure systems. The findings show that the Oku Mountain Forest is jointly owned by the Nso and Oku people. The Nso own the eastern half of the forest known as Ngongbaa Forest while the Oku own the western half, known as the Kilum Forest. The cordial relationship that existed between these people ensured the conservation of the forest. But the conflicts that later set in, especially due to the creation of the Kilum Mountain Forest Project in 1987 later changed to the Kilum Ijim Forest Project (KIFP) in 1992 sidelined the local communities which was contrary to the dispositions of the new Cameroon forest law enacted in 1994. Thus, the indigenous conservation practices became ig

关键词： Conflict Joint Management Shared Resources Ngongbaa Kilum Conservation

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Eyelid Wounds: Epidemiological, Clinical and Etiological Aspects

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第1期14卷 55-62页

作者： Aly Mbara Ka jean Pierre Diagne Aissatou Aw El Hadji Malick Sy Soda Mbaye Hawo Madina Diallo Audrey Samra Aboubacry Sadikh Sow Joseph Matar Mass ndiaye Ousmane Ndiaga Senghor Lamine ndiaye Mohamed ndiaye Serigne Sohibou Gaye Papa Amadou ndiaye Ophthalmology Department of Abass Ndao Hospital Dakar Senegal Ophthalmology Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal

Purpose: The aim is to show epidemiological, clinical and etiological characteristics of palpebral wounds. Methodology: This was a retrospective study focusing on patients with an eyelid wound, over a 10-year period from 2012 to 2021. We collected and analyzed the data using Excel. Results: The frequency of eyelid wounds was 0.1%. The average age of our patients was 19.38 years with a range of 1 and 62 years. The sex ratio was 3.7. Eighty-one percent of patients lived in Dakar. Fifty-seven percent (57%) of patients consulted less than 24 hours after the trauma and 7% of patients on D1. The circumstances were brawls (11%), domestic accidents (9%), road accidents (6%), and work accidents (6%). We noted 1 case of dog bite. Thirteen patients presented with post-traumatic decreased visual acuity. Involvement of the isolated upper eyelid was noted in 40% of cases and both eyelids in 15% of cases. Involvement of the lacrimal ducts was noted in 17% of cases, and that of the free edge in 21% of cases. Eyelid wounds were associated with eyeball damage in 21% of cases. Various associated lesions were observed. Ninety-one percent of patients received surgical treatment. Three cases of superinfections, 1 case of conjunctival granuloma and 1 case of phthysis of the eyeball with postoperative retinal detachment were noted. Conclusion: Eyelid sores are relatively common in our context. They require rapid surgical treatment in order to preserve the functional and aesthetic prognosis. .

关键词： Eyelid Wounds Epidemiology Clinic Etiologies

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