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How to model the effect of mechanical erosion control practices at a catchment scale?

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第3期9卷 370-380页

作者： Elizeu Jonas Didoné jean Paolo Gomes Minella Daniel gustavo Allasia Piccilli Federal University of Santa Maria Department of Soil Science1000 Avenue RoraimaCamobiCEP 97105-900Santa MariaRSBrazil Federal University of Santa Maria Department of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering1000 Avenue RoraimaCamobiCEP 97105-900Santa MariaRSBrazil

Conservation agriculture practices are a crucial factor in mitigating and controlling erosion by *** address water erosion estimates,most environmental models use the USLE,RUSLE,and MUSLE *** practices that affect soil erosion by modifying the flow pattern,such as contour farming,strip farming,or terracing,are represented within these models as a support practice(P)***,due to the difficulty in accurately mapping the P-factor,many studies choose to ignore it,using only the default value P-factor 1 which represents the absence of sowing at the level or cultivation in *** study proposes a methodology that evaluates the current P-factor based on the angle between the crop row orientation and the elevation contour *** method was tested in four areas under soybean crop fields in southern Brazil,totaling 25 km^(2).The reason for choosing four areas is to select different characteristics of rural properties and topographic *** ideal values of the P-factor are expected to be between 0.5 and 0.6;however,in our case,a P-factor greater than 0.8 was obtained in 60%of the area,indicating the low occurrence of contour farming reduces erosion *** results show that policymakers could potentially use this methodology(angle between the crop rows and contour lines)to run soil-erosion risk scenarios for a broader application of contour *** allows the P-factor to be quantified via a thematic map instead of assigning uniform P-factor *** a detailed study of the P-factor on the slopes,there is a better understanding of where to target support practices to reduce erosion.

关键词： Conservation practices Modeling P-Factor Planting efficiency

The expansion of Brazilian agriculture:Soil erosion scenarios

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第3期1卷 37-48页

作者： gustavo H.Merten jean P.G.Minella V isiting Research Professor Dept.of Civil EngineeringL Diversity of MinnesotaMNLSA Department of Soils Federal Lniversity of Santa MariaZip Code 97105900Santa MariaRSBrazil

During the next 10 years Brazil's agricultural area will expand to meet increased domestic and worldwide demand for food,fuel,and *** choices regarding land use will determine to what degree this expansion will have adverse effects that include soil erosion,reservoir siltation,water quality problems,loss of biodiversity and social conflict,especially around indigenous *** paper presents an up-to-date inventory of soil erosion in Brazil caused by crop and livestock activities and provides estimates based on three different hypothetical land-use scenarios to accommodate the expansion of Brazilian agricultural activity by 2020:Scenario 1-expansion of cropping into areas of natural vegetation,without adoption of conservation practices;Scenario 2-expansion of cropping into areas of degraded pasture,without adoption of conservation practices;Scenario 3-expansion of cropping into areas of degraded pasture,together with conservation practices in 100%of the expanded *** worst-case scenario involves expansion of agriculture into areas of native vegetation in the Brazilian Savannah(Cerrado)and Brazilian rainforest(Amazon)biomes,and could increase total soil erosion in Brazil(currently about 800 million metric tons a year)by as much as 20%.In the best-case scenar-io,crop expansion under a conservation agriculture model would utilize currently degraded pasture,especially in the Savannah(circa 40 million hectares),reducing soil erosion in Brazil by around 20%.For this to occur,however,a national soil and water conservation policy needs to be implemented in Brazil to support a sustainable model of agriculture in which the environment can be preserved as much as possible.

关键词： Land use Conservation agriculture Degraded pasture Soil and water conservation policy

Effectiveness, safety, and drug sustainability of biologics in elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A retrospective study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第33期28卷 4823-4833页

作者： gustavo Drugg Hahn jean-Frederic LeBlanc Petra Anna Golovics Panu Wetwittayakhlang Abdulrahman Qatomah Anna Wang Levon Boodaghians Jeremy Liu Chen Kiow Maryam Al Ali Gary Wild Waqqas Afif Alain Bitton Peter Laszlo Lakatos Talat Bessissow Division of Gastroenterology IBD CenterMcGill University Health CenterMontreal H3G 1A4QuebecCanada School of Medicine Graduate Course Sciences in Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90000-000Brazil Division of Gastroenterology McGill University Health CentreMontreal H3G 1A4QuebecCanada Department of Gastroenterology Hungarian Defense ForcesMedical CentreBudapest 1134Hungary Unit of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla 90110Thailand Department of Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier de l’Universitede MontrealMontreal H2X 3E4QuebecCanada

BACKGROUND Biologic therapy resulted in a significant positive impact on the management of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) however data on the efficacy and side effects of these therapies in the elderly is *** To evaluate retrospectively the drug sustainability, effectiveness, and safety of the biologic therapies in the elderly IBD *** Consecutive elderly(≥ 60 years old) IBD patients, treated with biologics [infliximab(IFX), adalimumab(ADAL), vedolizumab(VDZ), ustekinumab(UST)] followed at the McGill University Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center were included between January 2000 and *** was measured by clinical scores at 3, 6-9 and 12-18 mo after initiation of the biologic therapy. Patients completing induction therapy were included. Adverse events(AEs) or serious AE were collected during and within three months of stopping of the biologic *** We identified a total of 147 elderly patients with IBD treated with biologicals during the study period, including 109 with Crohn’s disease and 38 with ulcerative colitis. Patients received the following biologicals: IFX(28.5%), ADAL(38.7%), VDZ(15.6%), UST(17%). The mean duration of biologic treatment was 157.5(SD = 148) wk. Parallel steroid therapy was given in 34% at baseline,19% at 3 mo, 16.3% at 6-9 mo and 6.5% at 12-18 mo. The remission rates at 3, 6-9 and 12-18 mo were not significantly different among biological therapies. Kaplan-Meyer analysis did not show statistical difference for drug sustainability(P = 0.195), time to adverse event(P = 0.158) or infection rates(P = 0.973) between the four biologics studied. The most common AEs that led to drug discontinuation were loss of response, infusion/injection reaction and *** Current biologics were not different regarding drug sustainability, effectiveness, and safety in the elderly IBD population. Therefore, we are not able to suggest a preferred sequencing order among biologicals.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Biologics Elderly Efficacy Safety Adverse events

The role of environmental temperature on movement patterns of giant anteaters

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第2期17卷 285-296页

作者： Aline GIROUX Zaida ORTEGA Alessandra BERTASSONI Arnaud Léonard jean DESBIEZ Danilo KLUYBER Gabriel Favero MASSOCATO Guilherme DE MIRANDA Guilherme MOURÃO Luciana SURITA Nina ATTIAS Rita de Cassia BIANCHI Vinícius Peron de Oliveira GASPAROTTO Luiz gustavo Rodrigues OLIVEIRA-SANTOS Ecology Department Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil Post Graduate Program of Ecology and Evolution Federal University of Goiás(UFG)GoiâniaGoiásBrazil Institute of Research and Conservation of Anteaters in Brazil(PROJETO TAMANDUÁ) ParnaíbaPiauíBrazil Institute for the Conservation of Wild Animals(ICAS) Campo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil Royal Zoological Society of Scotland(RZSS) MurrayfieldEdinburghUK Institute for Ecological Research(IPÊ) NazaréPaulistaSão PauloBrazil Naples Zoo at Caribbean Gardens NaplesFloridaUSA The Houston Zoo HoustonTexasUSA National Institute of Criminalistics-Federal Police BrasíliaBrazil Embrapa Pantanal CorumbáMato Grosso do SulBrazil Natural Resources Graduate Program(PRONAT)-Federal University of Roraima(UFRR) Boa VistaRoraimaBrazil Animal Biology Graduate Program Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil Animal Biology Department São Paulo State University(UNESP)São Josédo Rio PretoSão PauloBrazil Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of São Paulo(USP)São PauloSPBrazil Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine(TRÍADE) RecifePernambucoBrazil

Mammals can show conspicuous behavioral responses to thermal variation,including changes in movement *** used an integrative approach to understand how environmental temperature can drive the movement behavior of a mammal with low capacity for physiological thermoregulation,the giant anteater(Myrmecophaga tridactyla).We tracked 52 giant anteaters in 7 areas throughout the Brazilian *** estimated the distance moved,area used,use of forest areas,and mean environmental temperature for each monitoring day of each *** modeled these data with Mixed Structural Equations—considering the possible interactions between our variables and controlling for sex and body *** anteaters reduced displacement and increased forest use with decreasing environmental temperature,probably because of their low body heat *** is possible that they reduce distance moved and area used by reducing the duration of *** decreasing temperature,forest habitats become warmer than open ones,besides buffer rain and chilly *** displacement and using forests are important strategies to reduce body heat loss and the energetic costs of ***,decreasing movement can limit food access and,consequently,***,we highlight the importance of forests as thermal *** increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events,we showed the need to preserve forest patches to offer suitable conditions for tropical mammals’behavioral *** this context,policies favoring deforestation on Brazilian territory are especially ***,we emphasize the need of integrative approaches to understand the complex interactions between organisms and the environment.

关键词： behavioral thermoregulation biologging habitat use mixed structural equations movement ecology

Effect of Blends Gasoline with Oxygenated Additives in the Performance of Internal Combustion Engine

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2021年第7期9卷 1-9页

作者： Suzara Rayanne de Castro Sena André Luis Oliveira de Almeida Leonara Luizza da Costa Leite jean gustavo de Melo Araujo Eduardo Lins de Barros Neto Camila Gambini Pereira Centre of Education and Research in Oil and Gas Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Natal Brazil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of blends of different oxygenated additives on gasoline in SI engine Otto cycle. The formulations analyzed were: pure gasoline (type A), common gasoline (type C), gasoline type A + 15% (v/v) oxygenated additives (ethanol, ethyl octanoate, ethyl oleate). The experiments were performed using engine Branco 4-stroke and 2-cylinder, electric dynamometer, exhaust system, control unit composed of Multi-K unit, variable selector and load cell, stroboscope tachometer, fuel supply system and stopwatch. The rotation was conserved at 4400 rpm and wheel power varied from 3 kW to 12 kW, with intervals of 3 kW to obtain hourly consumption curves and brake specific fuel consumption. Even esters and ethanol having lower heat of combustion, hourly consumption was similar to pure gasoline (type A). In relation to the brake specific fuel consumption, increasing the wheel power had a better conversion of the mass of fuel burned into energy. Thus, this study showed that the mixture of gasoline and esters (ethyl octanoate and ethyl oleate) presented good efficiency in terms of consumption. This research contributes to the needs and to the current studies in which industries started to add renewable products to petroleum-derived fuels;in order to obtain more sustainable fuels at lower costs.

关键词： Gasoline Oxygenated Additives Consumption

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Highly Constrained Analogue of Methylthioadenosine (MTA)

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2012年第4期2卷 398-403页

作者： gustavo Senra G. de Carvalho Rafael Mafra de P. Dias jean-Louis Fourrey Vania L. Silva Cláudio G. Diniz Adilson D. da Silva Departamento de Parasitologia Microbiologia e Imunologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Juiz de Fora-MG Brasil Departamento de Química Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICE) Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Juiz de Fora-MG Brasil Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France

We describe the synthesis and the antibacterial evaluation 2’,N3-cyclonucleoside 3 analogue of MTA that is characterized by the presence of an additional linkage between the heterocyclic ring and the sugar moiety.

关键词： Synthesis Biological Evaluation Antibacterial Analogue Methylthioadenosine

Recent advancements in aircraft and in situ observations of tropical cyclones

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第2期12卷 81-99页

作者： Heather M.Holbach Olivier Bousquet Lisa Bucci Paul Chang Joe Cione Sarah Ditchek Jim Doyle jean-Philippe Duvel Jack Elston gustavo Goni Kai Kwong Hon Kosuke Ito Zorana Jelenak Xiaotu Lei Rick Lumpkin Clive R.McMahon Christopher Reason Elizabeth Sanabia Lynn Keith Shay Jason A.Sippel Andrey Sushko Jie Tang Kazuhisa Tsuboki Hiroyuki Yamada Jonathan Zawislak Jun A.Zhang Florida State University Northern Gulf InstituteTallahasseeUSA NOAA/OAR/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory MiamiUSA Laboratoire de L’Atmosphere et des Cyclones Sainte ClotildeFrance Institute for Coastal and Marine Research Nelson Mandela UniversityGqeberhaSouth Africa NOAA/NWS/National Hurricane Center MiamiUSA NOAA/National Environmental Satellite Data and Information ServiceCollege ParkUSA Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Naval Research Laboratory MontereyUSA Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique ParisFrance Black Swift Technologies BoulderUSA Hong Kong Observatory Hong KongChina Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto UniversityGokashoJapan University of the Ryukyus OkinawaJapan University Corporation for Atmospheric Research BoulderUSA Shanghai Meteorological Service ShanghaiChina Sydney Institute of Marine Science MosmanAustralia University of Cape Town RondeboschSouth Africa United States Naval Academy AnnapolisUSA University of Miami MiamiUSA Windborne Systems Palo AltoUSA Asia-Pacific Typhoon Collaborative Research Center ShanghaiChina Shanghai Typhoon Institute CMAShanghaiChina Nagoya University NagoyaJapan Yokohama National University YokohamaJapan NOAA/OMAO/Aircraft Operations Center LakelandUSA1

Observations of tropical cyclones(TC)from aircraft and in situ platforms provide critical and unique information for analyzing and forecasting TC intensity,structure,track,and their associated *** report,prepared for the tenth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-10),discusses the data collected around the world in TCs over the past four years since the IWTC-9,improvements to observing techniques,new instruments designed to achieve sustained and targeted atmospheric and oceanic observations,and select research results related to these *** the Atlantic and Eastern and Central Pacific basins,changes to operational aircraft reconnaissance are discussed along with several of the research field campaigns that have taken place *** changes in the use and impact of these aircraft observations in numerical weather prediction models are also provided along with updates on some of the experimental aircraft *** from three field campaigns in the Western Pacific basin are also *** of in-situ data collected within recent TCs such as Hurricane Ian(2022),also demonstrate that new,emerging technologies and observation strategies reviewed in this report,definitely have the potential to further improve ocean-atmosphere coupled intensity forecasts.

关键词： Tropical cyclones Aircraft observations In situ observations IWTC-10