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Factors of Failure of Community Interventions of PMTCT Activities in Haut Katanga in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Health 2023年第6期15卷 667-675页

作者： Mpoyi Tabitha Ilunga Mukengeshayi Abel Ntambue Sakatolo Zambeze jean baptiste kakoma Kaj Françoise Malonga Epidemiology Maternal Child and Newborn Health and Implementation Science Unit School of Public Health University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of Congo Faculty of Medicine University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of Congo

The objective of the study was to identify the failure factors of community interventions in terms of HIV activities in the province of Haut-Katanga during the year 2016. Materials and Methods: The study was phenomenological of the factors, carried out in Haut Katanga. All health facilities (FOSAs) having integrated the prevention of transmission of HIV infection from mother to child (PMTCT) were included in the study. The collection was carried out through individual semi-structured interviews with PMTCT focal points, mentor mothers and people living with HIV (PLWHA) cared for in some of these health facilities (FOSAs). The number of participants was determined by the saturation of responses. Nvivo v.11 software was used for the analyses. The data of each woman was handled confidentially. The authorization of the ethics committee of the University of Kinshasa ESP/CE091/2015, the free and written consent, was obtained before collecting the information. Results: It was observed the socio-cultural factors of success and failure of the interventions: the social fear generated by contradictory messages in the sensitization of the community;the lack of an obvious strategy for the involvement of the partner;the weak coordination of community care activities between the central office of the health zone;the FOSA and the community worker: low interest in community care evidenced by weak accountability of FOSAs, community and program providers in this regard;that relates to community activities;coordination of care between care units;overload of the staff in charge of activities within the health structure and their low motivation;the low communication time devoted to people living with HIV in the FOSAs. Conclusion: The study shows that interventions that can improve the quality and outcomes of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services can be directly linked to the program itself, as well as come from another or the community, which generally remains

关键词： Success and Failure Factors Community Interventions PMTCT

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The Place of Human Papillomavirus Test in the Screening of Intraepithelial Lesions of Cervix in South-Kivu Province, DR Congo

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第9期11卷 1125-1132页

作者： Olivier Nyakio Fabrice Kibukila Bertin Kasongo Tchass Chasinga Gad Murenzi Albert Tambwe Prosper Kakudji Prosper Kalenga jean baptiste kakoma Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Evangelical University in Africa (UEA) Bukavu DR Congo Department of Gynecology Panzi General Reference Hospital Bukavu DR Congo Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi DR Congo Department of Surgery Official University of Bukavu (UOB) Bukavu DR Congo Department of Surgery University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Provincial Health Division Bukavu DR Congo Department of Anatomopathology Panzi General Reference Hospital Bukavu DR Congo Rwanda Military Hospital Kigali Rwanda

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains the most common cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The objective of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity and predictive value of the HPV test associated with the cervico-uterine smear in the screening of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in our environment. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 625 women who consulted in the department of gynecology for cervical cancer screening, of whom 300 received an HPV test;during the period from January the 1st to December 31st, 2018 at Panzi general reference hospital (South-Kivu, DRC). Data analysis was done using Epi Info version 7 software. Results: For all respondents (n = 625), the cervico-uterine smear was normal in 82.88%, inflammatory in 2.4% of cases and with cellular atypia in 14.72%. The HPV test was positive in 87 respondents against 213 negatives cases, i.e. a prevalence of HPV of 29% [95% CI: 23.9% - 34.5%]. Among women with precancerous lesions, 27.6% had HPV infection;among those with normal smears, 29.3% of them had HPV infection;however, this difference was not statistically significant. Patients with dysplastic lesions, 31.3% had genotypes with very high carcinogenic potential;and for those with a normal Pap smear, 45.1% had genotypes with very high carcinogenic potential;however, this difference was also not statistically significant. Conclusion: The human papillomavirus test remains a very important indication cation in the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, its sensitivity remaining clearly superior to that of cytology, especially for high grade lesions.

关键词： Human Papillomavirus Screening Cervix South-Kivu

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Synergistic Effect of a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor and a Selective Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 Inhibitor on Post Spinal Anesthesia Headache

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2020年第8期11卷 196-208页

作者： Rivain Fefe Iteke David Mwembo Mutombo Franck Namegabe Zirhumana Olivier Kabiriko Mukuku Emmanuel Kiyana Muyumba Tinsley Mukakala Kibonge jean Francois Brichant Adolphe Manzanza Kilembe Yapo Brouh jean baptiste Zambeze Sakatolo kakoma Provincial Hospital of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi Congo Official University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi Congo University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi Congo University of Liège Liège Belgium University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo Alassane Ouattara University Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

Objective: To evaluate the synergistic effect of a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) and a Selective Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitor (ISCOx-2) in the management of After Rachianesthesia Headache in Obstetric Care. Patients and Methods: This was an experimental double-blind, randomized, multi-center clinical trial of non-inferiority clinical trials over a 12-month period (May 1, 2018 to April 30, 2019) in six hospitals in southeastern DR Congo, including all patients undergoing surgery or analgesia on spinal anesthesia for obstetrical indication and with headache characteristic of a dural breccia, with no known causes, contraindications to experimental products and informed consent to been obtained. The patients were divided into four different groups depending on the protocol used, namely: Group A = Rehydration + Paracetamol, Group B = Rehydration + Celecoxib, Group C = Rehydration + Nefopam and Group 4 = Rehydration + Celecoxib + Nefopam (Study Group). Using the Statview II software, the statistical analyzes of data obtained from the different tests were made using the ANOVA test for comparing the averages of different samples using the Fisher test. Verification of the normality of the samples was made by the Kurtosis and Skewness flattening and asymmetry test. Results: The protocol associat

关键词： Nefopam Celecoxib Headache Rachianesthesia Obstetrics

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Impact of Genomics and in Silico Related Technologies in the Drug Discovery Process

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2003年第10期21卷 1241-1246页

作者： LEATUTE jean-baptiste DepartmentofValorizationandIndustrialRelationships Paris7University2PlaceJussieu75005ParisFrance

In order to evaluate to what extent will genomics and in silico related technologies improve overall drug discovery process, we analyzed three studies comparing cost, time and attrition rate at each step of the dr... 详细信息

关键词： in silico drug discovery bioinformatics chemoinformatics drug design functional and structural genomics virtual screening

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Dry reforming of methane on doped Ni nanoparticles:Featureassisted optimizations and ranking of doping metals for direct activations of CH_(4) and CO_(2)

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Nano Research 2022年第10期15卷 9670-9682页

作者： Shiru Lin jean-baptiste Tristan Yang Wang Junwei Lucas Bao Department of Chemistry Boston CollegeChestnut HillMassachusetts 02467USA Department of Computer Science Boston CollegeChestnut HillMassachusetts 02467USA

As a vital energy resource and raw material for many industrial products,syngas(CO and H_(2))is of great *** reforming of methane(DRM)is an important approach to producing syngas(with a hydrogen-to-carbon-monoxide ratio of 1:1 in principle)from methane and carbon dioxide,with a lower operational cost as compared to other reforming ***,many pure metallic catalysts used in DRM face deactivation issues due to coke formation or sintering of the metal particles.A systematic search for highly efficient metallic catalysts,which reduce the reaction barriers for the rate-determining steps and resist carbon deposition,is urgently *** is a typical low-cost transition metal for activating the C–H bond in *** this work,we applied a two-step workflow to search for nickel-based bimetallic catalysts with doping metals M(M-Ni)by combining density functional theory(DFT)calculations and machine learning(ML).We focus on the two critical steps in DRM—CH_(4) and CO_(2) direct *** used DFT and slab models for the Ni(111)facet to explore the relevant reaction pathways and constructed a data set containing structural and energetic information for representative M-Ni *** used this dataset to train ML models with chemical-knowledge-based features and predicted CH_(4) and CO_(2) dissociation energies and barriers,which revealed the composition–activity relationships of the bimetallic *** also used these models to rank the predicted catalytic performance of candidate systems to demonstrate the applicability of ML for catalyst *** emphasized that ML ranking models would be more valuable than regression models in high-throughput ***,we used our trained model to screen 12 unexplored M-Ni systems and showed that the DFT-computed energies and barriers are very close to the ML-predicted values for top candidates,validating the robustness of the trained model.

关键词： Ni-based bimetallic catalysts dry reforming of methane syngas production CH_(4)and CO_(2)direct activations ranking model

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Recent advances in cytokines:Therapeutic implications for inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第5期17卷 547-556页

作者： Guillaume Bouguen jean-baptiste Chevaux Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet Inserm UMR991 Department of HepatoGastroenterologyUniversity Hospital of RennesPontchaillou35000 RennesFrance Inserm U954 Department of Hepato-GastroenterologyUniversity Hospital of Nancy54511 Vandoeuvre-les-NancyFrance

Inflammatory bowel diseases （IBDs） are complex and chronic disabling conditions resulting from a dysregulated dialogue between intestinal microbiota and components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Cytokines are essential mediators between activated immune and non-immune cells, including epithelial and mes- enchymal cells. They are immunomodulatory peptides released by numerous cells and these have significant effects on immune function leading to the differentiation and survival of T cells. The physiology of IBD is becom- ing a very attractive field of research for development of new therapeutic agents. These include cytokines involved in intestinal immune inflammation. This review will focus on mechanisms of action of oytokines involved in IBD and new therapeutic opportunities for these diseases.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative coli-tis Crohn's disease Cytokine Pathophysiology Biologi-cal therapy

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Formation mechanisms of sub-micron pharmaceutical composite particles derived from far-and near-field Raman microscopy

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第4期11卷 480-489页

作者： Jakob Hübner jean-baptiste Coty Yan Busby Denis Spitzer Nanomateriaux pour Les Systemes Sous Sollicitations Extr^emes(NS3E) ISL-CNRS-UNISTRA UMR 3208French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis5Rue Du General CassagnouB.P.7003468301Saint-LouisFrance Spinofrin SAS 20 Bis Rue Danjou92100BoulogneBillancourtFrance

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS) and confocal Raman microscopy are applied to investigate the structure and the molecular arrangement of sub-micron furosemide and polyvinylpyrrolidone(furosemide/PVP) particles produced by spray flash evaporation(SFE). Morphology, size and crystallinity of furosemide/PVP particles are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction(XRPD). Far-field Raman spectra and confocal far-field Raman maps of furosemide/PVP particles are interpreted based on the far-field Raman spectra of pure furosemide and PVP *** far-field Raman microscopy shows that furosemide/PVP particles feature an intermixture of furosemide and PVP molecules at the sub-micron scale. SERS and surface-enhanced confocal Raman microscopy(SECo RM) are performed on furosemide, PVP and furosemide/PVP composite particles sputtered with silver(40 nm). SERS and SECo RM maps reveal that furosemide/PVP particle surfaces mainly consist of PVP molecules. The combination of surface and bulk sensitive analyses reveal that furosemide/PVP sub-micron particles are formed by the agglomeration of primary furosemide nanocrystals embedded in a thin PVP matrix. Interestingly, both far-field Raman microscopy and SECo RM provide molecular information on a statistically-relevant amount of sub-micron particles in a single microscopic map;this combination is thus an effective and time-saving tool for investigating organic sub-micron composites.

关键词： SERS Confocal Raman microscopy Surface characterization Sub-micron particles Pharmaceutic composites

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Epidemiological and Cytopathological Profile of Dysplastic Lesions of the Cervix in South-Kivu/Dr Congo

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第2期11卷 162-182页

作者： Nyakio Olivier Kibukila Fabrice Tambwe Albert Kakudji Prosper Kalenga Prosper kakoma jean baptiste Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medecine Evangelical University in Africa (EUA) Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Denis MUKWEGE Excellence Center Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine University of Lubumbashi Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Surgery Faculty of Medecine Official University of Bukavu (UOB) Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Surgery Faculty of Medecine University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women in the world. The recrudescence of dysplastic lesions is increasing, especially in developing countries, because of the absence of screening. The objective of this work is to determine the prevalence of dysplastic lesions of the cervix in women who are sexually active in South Kivu province. Methods: It was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of 625 women who came for gynecological consultation, all of whom had cervical-uterine Pap smears, during the period from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2018 at Panzi General Referral Hospital (South Kivu, DR Congo). Data analysis was done using Epi Info software version 7. Results: The median age of the respondents was 34 years, 47.0% of them were married, and 59.0% had a low socio-economic level. The majority had first sexual intercourse between the ages of 15 and 20 (67.5%), a number of former sexual partners estimated at 1 - 5 (87.8%), did not use tobacco (97.4%) and did not use contraception (78.1%). Pap smear was normal in 82.88% of cases, inflammatory in 2.4% of cases and with cytologic abnormalities in 14.72% of cases. Rates of dysplastic lesions were significantly higher among women aged ≥35 years (p = 0.0245), brides (p = 0.0183) and nulliparas (p = 0.0042). Multivariate analysis revealed the adjusted OR (95% CI) statistically insignificant (p Conclusion: Cervical cancer remains a real scourge in the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where the diagnosis is often made when the pathology is at its stage alm

关键词： Dysplasic Lesions Cervix South Kivu DRC

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Belt and Road Initiative ＆ Investment in Sustainable Development Field from China

Belt and Road Initiative ＆ Investment in Sustainable Develo...

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作者： jean-baptiste Blondaux 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

The principal aimed of this study was to show a correlation of Belt and Road Initiative and sustainable development for future years and additionally,tends to explain by which process,strategy Belt and Road Initiative works on to improve their *** master thesis methodology was based on qualitative research with four experts that gives their advice and opinions on the problematic during interview *** meet those experts in specific forums such as the forum of “Education for the Belt and Road Initiative,Our Shared Dream” The 8th International Educational Forum on the 03/04/2019 or at the Shanghai Expat Services Conferences on Green Technology in *** also complete our answer with quantitative research made by an online survey with 200 answers and also by two case analyses with one focusing on a BRI failure in Myanmar with a view to learning from past errors and the other case highlight a formula developed by researchers that shows the evolution of sustainable development score through Belt and Road Initiative,which could be interesting to implement as an official *** to our research,average sustainability through Belt and Road Initiative is low,but in constant positive ***,we could affirm a positive correlation between BRI and the SD field for future *** than that,from our quantitative research that has been done via an online survey with 200 answers,people trust and have faith in the ability of such a project to positively correlate with a sustainable development *** master thesis also highlights the desire of Chinese and Western European countries to financially involved themselves if the sustainable conditions are respected which represents a new pathway for the financial worlds to attract *** the other hand,this study is reinforced by qualitative research made by interviews with professional experts’ link to BRI and – or,sustainable development *** the case analysis and qualitative researc

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Diallel analyses of soluble sugar content in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ***.)

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The Crop Journal 2017年第6期5卷 553-559页

作者： Maina Antoine Nassourou Tchiagam jean baptiste Noubissié Yanou Nicolas Njintang Joseph Martin Bell Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundéré P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundéré Cameroon Department of Food Science and Nutrition ENSAI University of Ngaoundéré P.O. Box 455 Ngaoundéré Cameroon Genetics and Plant Breeding Unit Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I P.O. Box 812 Yaoundé Cameroon

The content of soluble sugar in cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) seeds is important for their acceptability to consumers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic control of soluble sugar content in cowpea using diallel analysis. For this purpose,half-diallel crosses were made among seven diverse parents. The amount of total soluble sugar was estimated by the phenol sulfuric acid reagent method and reducing sugar were measured by the DNS(3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid) reagent method. The total soluble sugar ranged from 11.12(VYA) to 40.79 mg g^(-1)(IT93 K-693-2) with a mean of 22.31 mg g^(-1).Reducing soluble sugar showed a mean value of 9.11 mg g^(-1) and ranged from 13.61(TVx3236) to 4.98 mg g^(-1)(Lori niebe). Diallel analysis showed that both additive and non-additive gene effects were significant in the genetic control of these traits. However,dominance variance was greater than additive variance for soluble sugar. The traits were controlled mainly by an overdominance model, suggesting the advantage of delaying selection to later generations. Soluble sugar content was found to be highly heritable, with broad-sense heritability ranging from 0.987 to 0.976. Narrow-sense heritability ranged from0.154 to 0.422 and revealed the lower importance of additive variance. Parents and F_1 hybrids differed significantly on the basis of their general and specific combining abilities,respectively. Recessive alleles had positive effects on total soluble sugar and reducing soluble sugar. These results could help cowpea breeders improve the acceptability of cowpea seeds and cowpea-based foods by appropriate selection.

关键词： Cowpea Genetic improvement Diallel analysis Soluble sugar

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