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The value does not exist!A motivation for extremal analysis

Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2022年第3期7卷 195-214页

作者： jean-Pierre Aubin Hélène Frankowska Retired 14Rue Domat75005 ParisFrance CNRS IMJ-PRGSorbonne Université4Place Jussieu75252 ParisFrance

Standard mathematical economics studies the production,exchange,and consumption of goods“provided with units of measurement,”as in physics,in order to be enumerated,quantified,added,***,“baskets of goods,”which should describe subsets of goods,are mathematically represented as commodity vectors of a vector space,linear combination of units of goods,evaluated by prices,which are linear numerical ***,in this sense,mathematical economics is a branch of ***,economics,and many other domains of life sciences,investigate also what will be called entities,defining elements deprived of units of measure,which thus cannot be enumerated.(1)Denoting by X the set of entities x∈X deprived of units of measurement,a“basket of goods”is actually a subset K■X of the set entities,i.e.,an element of the“hyperset”P(X),the family of subsets of X,and no longer a commodity vector of the vector space of commodities;(2)entities can be“gathered”instead of being“added”;(3)entities can still be evaluated by a family of functions A:x 2 X 7!A(x)2 Rregarded as a“valuators,”in lieu and place of linear“prices”evaluating the units of economic goods.(4)Subsets of entities can be evaluated by an“interval of values”between two extremal ones,the minimum and the maximum,instead of the sum of values of units of goods weighted by their *** sciences dealing with intertwined relations among many combinations of entities,hypersets offer metaphors of“Lamarckian complexity”that keeps us away from binary relations,graphs of functions,and set-valued maps,to focus our attention on“multinary relations”between families of *** deprived of units of measurement,these“proletarian”entities still enjoy enough properties for this pauperization to be mathematically *** is the object of this extremal manifesto:in economics and other domains of life sciences,vector spaces should yield their imperial status of“state space”to hypersets and linear prices to hy

关键词： Valuators extremal topologies Transfer of topologies Confined sets extremal evolution Inert relation Viability kernel Regulator

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Breast Cancer Survival in Cameroon: Analysis of a Cohort of 404 Patients at the YaoundéGeneral Hospital

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Advances in Breast Cancer Research 2015年第2期4卷 44-52页

作者： jean Dupont Kemfang Ngowa jean Marie Kasia jean Yomi Achille Nkigoum Nana Anny Ngassam Irenée Domkam Zacharie Sando Paul Ndom Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Yaoundé General Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Radiation Therapy Yaoundé General Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Morphological Sciences Yaoundé General Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Oncology Division Yaoundé General Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon

This study aimed to estimate the survival rate of breast cancer in a group of patients followed up at the Yaoundé General Hospital in Cameroon. A retrospective review of records of patients managed for breast cancer between 1995 and 2007 was carried out at the Yaoundé General Hospital. Survival analysis was carried out with survival defined as the time between the date of unequivocal diagnosis of cancer and the date of last follow-up or death. Survival curves were plotted in R.3.1.1 software. Mean age of the patients was 47.5 ± 12.36 years. Most of the patients (67.9%) presented with advanced breast cancer disease (stage III and IV). Overall patient survival rate was 30% at 5 years and 13.2% at 10 years. Median overall survival time was 2 (1.9 - 3) years. There was a correlation between survival and the stage of disease. The highest survival rates were recorded in stages I and II while the lowest rates were recorded in stage IV. There was no statistically significant difference in survival among the age groups (p = 0.15). Overall survival rates of breast cancer are 30% at 5 years and 13.2% at 10 years among Cameroonian patients and are lower compared with 90% and 82% respectively at 5 years and 10 years in some developed countries.

关键词： Survival Breast Cancer Developing Countries

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Isolation and characterization of five novel mini-M conotoxins from the venom of mollusk-hunter snail Conus bandanus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2020年第8期10卷 343-352页

作者： Nguyen Bao jean-Pière Le CAeR Phan Thi Khanh Vinh Faculty of Food Technology Nha Trang University02 Nguyen Dinh ChieuNha TrangKhanh HoaVietnam Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Centre de Recherche de Gif-FRC3115-UPR 2301F-91198 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

Objective:To determine the new M-superfamily conotoxins from molluscivorous snail Conus bandanus in ***:Conus bandanus venom was fractionated and purified on HPLC system with an analytical reversed-phase C18 column in order to screen small *** primary structure of peptide was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry using collision-induced dissociation and confirmed by edman’s degradation ***:Five new conotoxins were biochemically characterized from the crude venom of the mollusk-hunting cone snail Conus bandanus,which were collected at Ke Ga reef of the Nha Trang Bay(Vietnam).each conotoxin had 15 or 16 amino acid residues and shared the same characteristic cysteine framework V as–CC–C–C–CC–.They were termed as Bn3 b,Bn3 c,Bn3 d,Bn3 e and Bn3 f following the conotoxins ***:The conotoxins Bn3 b,Bn3 e,and Bn3 f are categorized in the mini-M conotoxins of the M1 branch,while conotoxins Bn3 c and Bn3 d are categorized in the mini-M conotoxins of the M2 *** homological analysis reveals that these conotoxins could serve as promising probe compounds for voltage-gated sodium channels.

关键词： Mini-M conotoxin Conus bandanus Cone snail venom

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自发性高血压大鼠发育过程中D_1多巴胺受体对钠-氢交换体3的调节

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中华医学杂志 2001年第9期81卷 549-552页

作者：李晓曦 Frederick e Albrecht 徐镜 jean e Robillard Gilbert M eisner Pedro A Jose 中山医科大学附属第一医院外科广州510080 Georgetown University Georgetown University Medical Center

目的　探讨是否原发性高血压继发于多巴胺受体、G蛋白和Na+ H+ 交换体 3(NHe3)的相互作用障碍。方法　为避免第二信使的影响 ,我们采用无细胞质成分的肾小管细胞膜刷状缘进行实验 ,实验对象为高血压产生前 (2～ 3周龄 )和高血压产生后... 详细信息

目的　探讨是否原发性高血压继发于多巴胺受体、G蛋白和Na+ H+ 交换体 3(NHe3)的相互作用障碍。方法　为避免第二信使的影响 ,我们采用无细胞质成分的肾小管细胞膜刷状缘进行实验 ,实验对象为高血压产生前 (2～ 3周龄 )和高血压产生后 (12周龄 )的自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR) ,研究多巴胺受体激活剂对SHR肾小管细胞膜刷状缘的NHe活性的抑制作用和对G蛋白亚基与NHe3结合的影响。结果　正常对照鼠 (WKY鼠 )NHe3活性随年龄增长而增强 ,但SHR肾NHe3活性未随年龄变化而改变。SHR与WKY鼠的D1多巴胺受体表达不受年龄影响。多巴胺D1受体激活剂对WKY肾NHe3活性的抑制能力随年龄增长而增强 ,但对SHR的抑制未随年龄变化。多巴胺D1受体激活剂 (Fenoldopam)增加WKY幼鼠Gsα/NHe3结合量与成年鼠相同 ,但使SHR幼鼠Gsα/NHe3结合量减少。结论　多巴胺D1受体激活剂对SHR中NHe3活性的抑制减少早于高血压的形成。

关键词：自发性高血压多巴胺受体钠-氢交换体3 蛋白质G

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Influence of gadolinium and dysprosium substitution on magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of Fe78-xRexSi4Nb5B12Cu1 amorphous alloys

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Journal of Rare earths 2020年第12期38卷 1317-1321页

作者： Lizhong Zhao Huacun Tian Xichun Zhong Zhongwu Liu jean-Marc Greneche R.V.Ramanujan Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310012China School of Materials Science and engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Guangdong Institute of Special equipment Inspection and Research Guangzhou 528251China Institut des Molecules et Materiaux du Mans UMR CNRS 6283 Le Mans UniversiteAvenue MessiaenLe MansF-72085France School of Materials Science and engineering Nanyang Technological University639798Singapore Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and enterprise(SHARe) Nanomaterials for Energy and Energy-Water Nexus(NEW)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)Singapore138602Singapore

Amorphous Fe78-xRexSi4 Nb5 B12Cu1(Re=Gd,Dy) ribbons with different Re contents were prepared by melt spinning to investigate the effect of heavy rare earth(Gd,Dy) substitution on the hyperfine structure,magnetic properties and magnetocaloric *** Curie temperature of Re substituted alloys,hyperfine field and magnetic moments of Fe atoms initially increase up to 1 at% Re content and then decrease monotonously for increasing Re content up to 10 at%.The dependence of magnetic entropy change(-△SM) and refrigeration capacity(RC) of the alloys on Re contents displays the same *** RCAReA values of the alloys substituted with 1 at% Gd and Dy are similar to those of recently reported Fe-based metallic glasses with enhanced RC values compared with those of Gd5 Ge1.9Si2 ***-△SM and RC values,negligible coercive force and hysteresis commonly make these Fe78-xRex-Si4 Nb5 B12Cu1 amorphous alloys as low-cost candidates for high-temperature magnetic refrigeration.

关键词： Magnetic properties Magnetocaloric effect Refrigeration capacity Rare earths

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Mineral Fabrication and Golgi Apparatus Activity in the Mouse Calvarium

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Journal of Biomedical Science and engineering 2014年第9期7卷 769-779页

作者： Valerie Fallon D. Howard Carter jean e. Aaron Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK Turner Dental School University of Manchester Manchester UK

There is diverse opinion about the mechanism of bone mineralization with only intermittent reports of any direct organellar role played by the golgi apparatus (juxtanuclear body). Light and laser confocal microscopy was combined with electron microscopy and elemental eDX (energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis) in comparing “young” osteocytes in situ in fresh and “slam” frozen developing mouse calvarium, with similar cells (MC3T3-e1) maintained in vitro. The distribution of “nascent” electron dense mineral was examined histochemically (von Kossa, GBHA), including tetracycline (TC) staining as a fluorescent complex with bone salt, while golgi body activity was demonstrated by transfection with a specific green fluorescent construct (GFP/mannosidase II). In tissue culture golgi body activity and mineralization were both blocked by brefeldin A (an established golgi inhibitor) and restored by forskolin, enabling an association with mineral fabrication to be quantified as changing fluorescence intensity (AU) of GFP or TC markers. Results from osteocytes in situ supported previous descriptions of intracellular electron dense objects (microspheres and nanospheres) in a juxtanuclear pattern, containing Ca, P and transitory Si, in a spectrum recapitulated in the calcifying culture after 10 days, when GFP fluorophore surged from 71.7 ± 1.4SD to 133.7 ± 2.7SD AU by 14 days (p e TC fluorophore mean intensity was 23.8 ± 3.7SD AU (14 days) rising to 45.0 ± 5.1SD AU by 17 days, compared to its stationary 21.7 ± 3.6SD when treated 3 days previously with BFA golgi inhibitor (p eversal. It was concluded from the changing juxtanuclear morphology, Si mineralization mediation and the variably controlled activity versus stasis that the inorganic phase of bone is a complex golgi-directed fabrication with implications for bone matrix biology and evolution.

关键词： Bone Biomineraliization Golgi Apparatus Tetracycline Fluorochrome GFP Fluorochrome Brefeldin A/Forskolin

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Transcatheter embolization therapy in liver cancer:an update of clinical evidences

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2015年第2期27卷 96-121页

作者： Yi-Xiang J.Wang Thierry De Baere jean-Marc Idee Sebastien Ballet Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales Hospital Gustave Roussy Department of Interventional Radiology Guerbet Division of Research & Innovation

Transarterial chemoembolization （TACe） is a form of intra-arterial catheter-based chemotherapy that selectively delivers high doses of cytotoxic drug to the tumor bed combining with the effect of ischemic necrosis induced by arterial embolization. Chemoembolization and radioembolization are at the core of the treatment of liver hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） patients who cannot receive potentially curative therapies such as transplantation, resection or percutaneous ablation. TACe for liver cancer has been proven to be useful in local tumor control, to prevent tumor progression, prolong patients＇ life and control patient symptoms. Recent evidence showed in patients with single-nodule HCC of 3 cm or smaller without vascular invasion, the 5-year overall survival （OS） with TACe was similar to that with hepatic resection and radiofrequency ablation. Mthough being used for decades, Lipiodol~ （Lipiodol~ Ultra Fluid~, Guerbet, France） remains important as a tumor-seeking and radio-opaque clrug delivery vector in intervendonal oncology. There have been efforts to improve the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumors. Drug-eluting bead （DeB） is a relatively novel drug delivery embolization system which allows for fixed dosing and the ability to release the anticancer agents in a sustained manner. Three DeBs are available, i.e., Tandem~ （CeloNova Biosciences Inc., USA）, DC-Beads~ （BTG, UK） and HepaSphere~ （BioSphere Medical, Inc., USA）. Transarterial radioembolization （TARe） technique has been developed, and proven to be efficient and safe in advanced liver cancers and those with vascular complications. Two types of radioembolization microspheres are available i.e., SIR-Spheres~ （Sirtex Medical Limited, Australia） and TheraSphere~ （BTG, UK）. This review describes the basic procedure of TACe, properties and efficacy of some chemoembolization systems and radioembolization agents which are commercially available and/or currently under clinical evaluation. The key clinical tr

关键词： Transarterial chemoembolization hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) drug-eluting particles microspheres Lipiodol radioembolization yttrium-90

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Fast and accurate surface normal integration on non-rectangular domains

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Computational Visual Media 2017年第2期3卷 107-129页

作者： Martin Bahr Michael Breuβ Yvain Quéau Ali Sharifi Boroujerdi jean-Denis Durou Brandenburg Technical University Institute for MathematicsChair for Applied Mathematics Technical University Munich Universit'e de Toulouse IRIT

The integration of surface normals for the purpose of computing the shape of a surface in 3D space is a classic problem in computer vision. However,even nowadays it is still a challenging task to devise a method that is flexible enough to work on non-trivial computational domains with high accuracy, robustness,and computational efficiency. By uniting a classic approach for surface normal integration with modern computational techniques, we construct a solver that fulfils these requirements. Building upon the Poisson integration model, we use an iterative Krylov subspace solver as a core step in tackling the task. While such a method can be very efficient, it may only show its full potential when combined with suitable numerical preconditioning and problem-specific initialisation. We perform a thorough numerical study in order to identify an appropriate preconditioner for this *** provide suitable initialisation, we compute this initial state using a recently developed fast marching integrator. Detailed numerical experiments illustrate the benefits of this novel combination. In addition, we show on real-world photometric stereo datasets that the developed numerical framework is flexible enough to tackle modern computer vision applications.

关键词： surface normal integration Poisson integration conjugate gradient method preconditioning fast marching method Krylov subspace methods photometric stereo 3D reconstruction

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Finite-Size Conformational Transitions: A Unifying Concept Underlying Chromosome Dynamics

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2014年第10期61卷 607-616页

作者： Bertrand R.Caré Pascal Carrivain Thierry Forné jean-Marc Victor Annick Lesne Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée CNRS UMR 7600UPMC University Paris 06F-75005ParisFrance CNRS GDR 3536 UPMC University Paris 06F-75005ParisFrance Institut de Génétique Humaine CNRS UPR 1142 MontpellierFrance Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier CNRS UMR 5535University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China CAS

Investigating average thermodynamic quantities is not sufficient to understand conformational transitions of a finite-size polymer. We propose that such transitions are better described in terms of the probability distribution of some finite-size order parameter, and the evolution of this distribution as a control parameter varies. We demonstrate this claim for the coil-globule transition of a linear polymer and its mapping onto a two-state model. In a biological context, polymer models delineate the physical constraints experienced by the genome at different levels of organization,from DNA to chromatin to chromosome. We apply our finite-size approach to the formation of plectonemes in a DNA segment submitted to an applied torque and the ensuing helix-coil transition that can be numerically observed, with a coexistence of the helix and coil states in a range of parameters. Polymer models are also essential to analyze recent in vivo experiments providing the frequency of pairwise contacts between genomic loci. The probability distribution of these contacts yields quantitative information on the conformational fluctuations of chromosome regions. The changes observed in the shape of the distribution when the cell type or the physiological conditions vary may reveal an epigenetic modulation of the conformational constraints experienced by the chromosomes.

关键词： coil-globule transition helix-coil transition chromosome conformational capture two-state model

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Vegetation-based bioindication of humus forms in coniferous mountain forests

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第4期14卷 662-673页

作者： Kerstin ANSCHLAG Dylan TATTI Niels HeLLWIG Giacomo SARTORI jean-Michel GOBAT Gabriele BROLL Institute of Geography University of OsnabrueckSeminarstrafte 19ab49074 OsnabrueckGermany Functional ecology Laboratory University of NeuchatelRue Emile-Argand 112000 NeuchatelSwitzerland School of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences HAFLBern University of Applied SciencesLanggasse 853052 ZollikofenSwitzerland MUSe Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 338122 TrentoItaly

Humus forms, especially the occurrence and the thickness of the horizon of humified residues （OH）, provide valuable information on site conditions. In mountain forest soils, humus forms show a high spatial variability and data on their spatial patterns is often scarce. Our aim was to test the applicability of various vegetation features as proxy for OH thickness. Subalpine coniferous forests dominated by Picea abies （L.） H. Karst. and Larix decidua Mill. were studied in the Province of Trento, Italian Alps, between ca. 900 and 22o0 m a.s.1. Braun-Blanquet vegetation relevds and OH thickness were recorded at 152 plots. The vegetation parameters, tested for their suitability as indicators of OH thickness, encompassed mean Landolt indicator values of the herb layer （both unweighted and cover-weighted means） as well as parameters of vegetation structure （cover values of plant species groups） calculated from the releves. To our knowledge, the predictive power of Landolt indicator values （LIVs） for humus forms had not been tested before. Correlations between OHthickness and mean LIVs were strongest for the soil reaction value, but indicator values for humus, nutrients, temperature and light were also significantly correlated with OH thickness. Generally, weighting with species cover reduced the indicator quality of mean LIVs for OH thickness. The strongest relationships between OH thickness and vegetation structure existed in the following indicators： the cover of forbs （excluding graminoids and ferns） and the cover of erieaeeae in the herb layer. Regression models predicting OH thickness based on vegetation structure had almost as much predictive power as models based on LIVs. We conclude that LIVs analysis can produce fairly reliable information regarding the thickness of the OH horizon and, thus, the humus form. If no releve data are readily available, a field estimation of the cover values of certain easily distinguishable herb layer species groups is much faster than

关键词： Landolt indicator values OH horizon Forest ecosystem Montane forest, Italian Alps

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