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Factor analysis of recent major heatwaves in East Asia

Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 374-383页

作者： Arim Yoon jeongwon Kim Jooyeop Lee Hyun Min Sung je-woo hong Seung-Ki Min Junhong Lee Jinkyu hong Ecosystem-Atmosphere Process Laboratory Department of Atmospheric SciencesYonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea National Institute of Meteorological Sciences Jeju 63568Republic of Korea Korea Adaptation Center for Climate Korea Environment InstituteSejong 30121Republic of Korea Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Republic of Korea Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg 20146Germany Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

Heatwaves(HWs)present a major hazard to our society and more extreme heatwaves are expected with future climatic ***,it is important to improve our understanding of the underlying processes that drive HWs,in order to boost our socioeconomic-ecological *** this study,we quantified the influences of key driving factors(large-scale atmospheric circulation,soil moisture,and sea surface temperature)and their synergies on recent heatwaves in East *** conducted a factor separation analysis for three recent HW events by constraining the key factors in the regional Weather Research and Forecasting model with their climatologies or pseudo-observations in different *** study showed distinct spatial variations in the HW-controlling factors in East *** synergistic interaction of large-scale circulation and soil moisture was the most important factors in the 2013 Chinese *** the 2018 HWs in Korea and Japan,the same stagnant large-scale atmospheric circulation played a dominant role in driving the HW *** land-atmosphere coupling via soil moisture,its interaction with circulation,and SST exhibited stronger influences during the Korean HW than the Japanese *** analysis also revealed temporal variations in the factors driving Korean and Chinese HWs due to typhoon passage and other multiple processes over heterogeneous surfaces(i.e.,topographically induced Foehn winds,large-scale warm advection from the warm ocean,spatial differences in soil moisture).Our findings suggest that future heatwave-related studies should consider interactive contributions of key factors,their interplay with surface heterogeneities of complex terrain.

关键词： Heatwave East Asia Large-scale circulation Soil moisture Sea surface temperature Synergistic impacts

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Two distinct subpopulations of marginal zone B cells exhibit differential antibody-producing capacities and radioresistance

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 393-408页

作者： Sujin Lee Yeunjung Ko Hyun woo Lee Won Joon Oh Hun Gi hong Dinuka Ariyaratne Se Jin Im Tae Jin Kim Department of Immunology Graduate School of Basic Medical ScienceSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwon16419Republic of Korea Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka Present address:Immunology and Microbiology Graduate Program Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA

Marginal zone(MZ)B cells,which are splenic innate-like B cells that rapidly secrete antibodies(Abs)against blood-borne pathogens,are composed of heterogeneous ***,we showed that MZ B cells can be divided into two distinct subpopulations according to their CD80 expression ***80^(high)MZ B cells exhibited greater Ab-producing,proliferative,and IL-10-secreting capacities than did CD80^(low)MZ B ***,CD80^(high)MZ B cells survived 2-Gy whole-body irradiation,whereas CD80^(low)MZ B cells were depleted by irradiation and then repleted with one month after *** of CD80^(low)MZ B cells led to accelerated development of type II collagen(CII)-induced arthritis upon immunization with bovine ***80^(high)MZ B cells exhibited higher expression of genes involved in proliferation,plasma cell differentiation,and the antioxidant ***80^(high)MZ B cells expressed more autoreactive B cell receptors(BCRs)that recognized double-stranded DNA or CII,expressed more immunoglobulin heavy chain sequences with shorter complementarity-determining region 3 sequences,and included more clonotypes with no N-nucleotides or with B-1a BCR sequences than CD80^(low)MZ B *** transfer experiments showed that CD21^(+)CD23^(+)transitional 2 MZ precursors preferentially generated CD80^(low)MZ B cells and that a proportion of CD80^(low)MZ B cells were converted into CD80^(high)MZ B cells;in contrast,CD80^(high)MZ B cells stably remained CD80^(high)MZ B *** summary,MZ B cells can be divided into two subpopulations according to their CD80 expression levels,Ab-producing capacity,radioresistance,and autoreactivity,and these findings may suggest a hierarchical composition of MZ B cells with differential stability and BCR specificity.

关键词： Marginal Zone B Cell CD80 Autoreactivity Radioresistance

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Surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 for photocatalytic CO_(2) conversion with high selectivity over CH_(4) formation at the solid–gas interface

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 182-196页

作者： Chaitanya B.Hiragond Sohag Biswas Niket SPowar Junho Lee Eunhee Gong Hwapyong Kim hong Soo Kim Jin-woo Jung Chang-Hee Cho Bryan M.Wong Su-Il In Department of Energy Science&Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Chemical&Environmental Engineering Materials Science&Engineering ProgramDepartment of ChemistryDepartment of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of California-RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA Department of Physics and Chemistry Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea NiceScience Corporation DaeguRepublic of Korea

Systematic optimization of the photocatalyst and investigation of the role of each component is important to maximizing catalytic activity and comprehending the photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) reduction to solar fuels.A surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 photocatalyst with H_(2)O_(2) treatment was designed in this study to convert CO_(2) and H_(2)O vapor into highly selective *** doping followed by Ag nanoparticles(NPs)cocatalyst deposition on P25(TiO_(2))enhances visible light absorption and charge separation,whereas H_(2)O_(2) treatment modifies the surface of the photocatalyst with hydroxyl(–OH)groups and promotes CO_(2) ***-resonance transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption near-edge structure,and extended X-ray absorption fine structure techniques were used to analyze the surface and chemical composition of the photocatalyst,while thermogravimetric analysis,CO_(2) adsorption isotherm,and temperature programmed desorption study were performed to examine the significance of H_(2)O_(2) treatment in increasing CO_(2) reduction *** optimized Ag1.0@Ru1.0-P25 photocatalyst performed excellent CO_(2) reduction activity into CO,CH4,and C2H6 with a~95%selectivity of CH4,where the activity was~135 times higher than that of pristine TiO_(2)(P25).For the first time,this work explored the effect of H_(2)O_(2) treatment on the photocatalyst that dramatically increases CO_(2) reduction activity.

关键词： gas-phase CO_(2) reduction H_(2)O_(2) treatment plasmonic nanoparticles solar fuel photocatalyst surface modification

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Artificial optoelectronic synapse based on spatiotemporal irradiation to source-sharing circuitry of synaptic phototransistors

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InfoMat 2024年第2期6卷 131-141页

作者： Seungho Song Changsoon Choi Jongtae Ahn je-Jun Lee Jisu Jang Byoung-Soo Yu Jung Pyo hong Yong-Sang Ryu Yong-Hoon Kim Do Kyung Hwang Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Post-Silicon Semiconductor InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)SeoulRepublic of Korea School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea Center for Spintronics Post-Silicon Semiconductor InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)SeoulRepublic of Korea Division of Nanoscience&Technology KIST SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology(UST)SeoulRepublic of Korea School of Biomedical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

To overcome the intrinsic inefficiency of the von Neumann architecture,neuromorphic devices that perform analog vector–matrix multiplication have been highlighted for achieving power-and time-efficient data *** particular,artificial synapses,of which conductance should be programmed to represent the synaptic weights of the artificial neural network,have been intensively researched to realize neuromorphic ***,inspired by excitatory and inhibitory synapses,we develop an artificial optoelectronic synapse that shows both potentiation and depression characteristics triggered only by optical *** design of the artificial optoelectronic synapse,in which excitatory and inhibitory synaptic phototransistors are serially connected,enables these characteristics by spatiotemporally irradiating the phototransistor channels with optical ***,a negative synaptic weight can be realized without the need for electronic components such as *** such attributes,the artificial optoelectronic synapse is demonstrated to classify three digits with a high recognition rate(98.3%)and perform image preprocessing via analog vector-matrix multiplication.

关键词： amorphous oxide semiconductor analog processing artificial synapse neuromorphic optoelectronics

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Temporal-spatial Generation of Astrocytes in the Developing Diencephalon

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第1期40卷 1-16页

作者： Wentong hong Pifang Gong Xinjie Pan Zhonggan Ren Yitong Liu Guibo Qi Jun-Liszt Li Wenzhi Sun woo-Ping Ge Chun-Li Zhang Shumin Duan Song Qin Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of Molecular Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas 75390-9148USA Department of Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of ChinaZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

tAstrocytes are the largest glial population in the mammalian ***,we have a minimal understanding of astrocyte development,especially fate specification in different regions of the *** lineage tracing of the progenitors of the third ventricle(3V)wall via in-utero electroporation in the embryonic mouse brain,we show the fate specification and migration pattern of astrocytes derived from radial glia along the 3V ***,radial glia located in different regions along the 3V wall of the diencephalon produce distinct cell types:radial glia in the upper region produce astrocytes and those in the lower region produce neurons in the *** genetic fate mapping analysis,we reveal that the first population of astrocytes appears along the zona incerta in the *** occurs at an early time point in the dorsal region relative to that in the ventral region of the developing *** transcriptomic analysis of the region-specific 3V wall and lateral ventricle(LV)wall,we identified cohorts of differentially-expressed genes in the dorsal 3V wall compared to the ventral 3V wall and LV wall that may regulate astrogenesis in the dorsal ***,these results demonstrate that the generation of astrocytes shows a spatiotemporal pattern in the developing mouse diencephalon.

关键词： Radial glia Astrocyte specification Lineage tracing Diencephalon Third ventricle

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Cellular angiofibroma arising from the rectocutaneous fistula in an adult: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第10期12卷 1778-1784页

作者： Hao-En Chen Yu-Yang Lu Ruei-Yu Su hong-Hau Wang Chao-Yang Chen je-Ming Hu Jung-Cheng Kang Kuan-Hsun Lin Ta-Wei Pu Department of Surgery Taichung Armed Forces General HospitalTaichung 411Taiwan Department of Surgery Tri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114Taiwan Department of Pediatrics Tri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114Taiwan Department of Pathology Tri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 105Taiwan Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Taoyuan Armed Forces General HospitalTaoyuan 32551Taiwan Department of Radiology Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan BranchNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 105Taiwan Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Department of SurgeryTri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114Taiwan Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Department of SurgeryTaiwan Adventist HospitalTaipei 105Taiwan Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of SurgeryTri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114Taiwan Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Department of SurgeryTri-Service General Hospital Songshan BranchNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 105Taiwan

BACKGROUND Rectocutaneous fistulae are *** infection originates within the anal glands and subsequently extends into adjacent regions,ultimately resulting in fistula *** angiofibroma(CAF),also known as an angiomy ofibroblastoma-like tumor,is a rare benign soft tissue neoplasm predominantly observed in the scrotum,perineum,and inguinal area in males and in the vulva in *** describe the first documented case CAF that developed within a rectocutaneous fistula and manifested as a perineal *** SUMMARY In the outpatient setting,a 52-year-old male patient presented with a 2-year history of a growing perineal mass,accompanied by throbbing pain and minor scrotal *** examination revealed a soft,well-defined,non-tender mass at the left buttock that extended towards the perineum,without a visible *** initial assessment identified a soft tissue tumor,and the laboratory data were within normal *** and pelvic computed tomography(CT)revealed swelling of the abscess cavity that was linked to a rectal cutaneous fistula,with a track-like lesion measuring 6 cm×0.7 cm in the left perineal region and attached to the left *** examination found no significant inner orifices.A left medial gluteal incision revealed a thick-walled mass,which was excised along with the extending tract,and curettage was *** examination confirmed CAF *** patient achieved total resolution during follow-up assessments and did not require additional *** CT imaging supports perineal lesion diagnosis and *** angiofibromas,even with a cutaneous fistula,can be excised transperineally.

关键词： Angiofibroma Perineal mass Rectocutaneous fistula Anorectal fistula Anal fistula Case report

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A pilot clinical study to evaluate feasibility of using single patient classifier as a prognostic test in stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ gastric cancer patients

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2024年第4期36卷 368-377页

作者： Ji Yeong An Sung Eun Oh Soomin Ahn Hyoung-II Kim Yoo Min Kim Minah Cho Keun Won Ryu hong Man Yoon Young Kyu Park In Gyu Kwon Sung Hoon Noh Kyung Hee Lee In Cho Myoung Won Son Jong Won Kim Young-woo Kim Department of Surgery Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 06351Republic of Korea Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 06351Republic of Korea Department of Surgery Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Gastric Cancer Center Yonsei Cancer CenterYonsei University Health SystemSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Center for Gastric Cancer National Cancer CenterGoyang 10408Republic of Korea Department of Surgery Chonnam National University Hwasun HospitalChonnam National University College of MedicineGwangju 58128Republic of Korea Department of Surgery Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 06273Republic of Korea Department of Hematology-Oncology Yeungnam University Medical CenterDaegu 42415Republic of Korea Department of Surgery Soonchunhyang University College of MedicineBucheon 14584Republic of Korea Department of Surgery Soonchunhyang University Cheonan HospitalSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineCheonan 31151Republic of Korea Department of Surgery Chung-Ang University HospitalChung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06973Republic of Korea

Objective:Precision medicine approaches emphasize the importance of reliable prognostic tools for guiding individualized therapy *** this study,we evaluated the clinical feasibility of the single patient classifier(SPC)test,a new clinical-grade prognostic assay,in stageⅡ-Ⅲgastric cancer ***:A prospective multicenter study was conducted,involving 237 patients who underwent gastrectomy between September 2019 and August 2020 across nine *** SPC test was employed to stratify patients into risk groups,and its feasibility and performance were *** primary endpoint was the proportion of the cases in which the test results were timely delivered before selecting postoperative ***,3-year disease-free survivals of risk groups were ***:The SPC test met the primary endpoint *** 99.5%of SPC tests were timely delivered to hospitals before the postoperative treatment *** a clinical setting,the median time from the specimen transfer to laboratory to the result delivery to hospital was 4 ***,3-year disease-free survivals were significantly different between risk groups classified with SPC ***:This study highlights the SPC test's feasibility in offering crucial information timely delivered for making informed decisions regarding postoperative treatment *** also provides evidence to support the implementation of a future prospective clinical trial aimed at evaluating the clinical utility of the SPC test in guiding personalized treatment decisions for gastric cancer patients.

关键词： Prognostic test advanced gastric cancer adjuvant chemotherapy feasibility gastrectomy

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Performance of pulsed plasma thruster at low discharge energy

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 122-132页

作者：李鸿俊林泽豪胡浩俊吴文东陈爱虹杜德扬 Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Faculty of Engineering The University of Nottingham Malaysia CampusSemenyih 43500Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Multimedia UniversityCyberjaya 63100Malaysia

As the size of satellites scales down, low-power and compact propulsion systems such as the pulsed plasma thruster(PPT) are needed for stabilizing these miniature satellites in orbit. Most PPT systems are operated at 2 J or more of discharge energy. In this work, the performance of a PPT with a side-fed, tongue-flared electrode configuration operated within a lower discharge energy range of 0.5-2.5 J has been investigated. Ablation and charring of the polytetrafluoroethylene propellant surface were analyzed through field-effect scanning electron microscopy imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. When the discharge energy fell below 2 J, inconsistencies occurred in the specific impulse and the thrust efficiency due to the measurement of the low mass bit. At energy ≥2 J, the performance parameters are compared with other PPT systems of similar configuration and discussed in depth.

关键词： pulsed plasma thruster low discharge energy performance parameters

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Real-Time Tunable Gas Sensing Platform Based on SnO_(2) Nanoparticles Activated by Blue Micro-Light-Emitting Diodes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第12期16卷 103-119页

作者： Gi Baek Nam Jung-El Ryu Tae Hoon Eom Seung Ju Kim Jun Min Suh Seungmin Lee Sungkyun Choi Cheon woo Moon Seon Ju Park Soo Min Lee Byungsoo Kim Sung Hyuk Park Jin wook Yang Sangjin Min Sohyeon Park Sung Hwan Cho Hyuk Jin Kim Sang Eon Jun Tae Hyung Lee Yeong Jae Kim Jae Young Kim Young Joon hong Jong-In Shim Hyung-Gi Byun Yongjo Park Inkyu Park Sang-Wan Ryu Ho Won Jang Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Research Laboratory of Electronics Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA Department of Display Materials Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan 31538Republic of Korea Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE CenterHanyang University ERICAAnsan 15588Republic of Korea Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Department of Electronics Information and Communication EngineeringKangwon National UniversitySamcheok 25913Republic of Korea Advance Institute of Convergence Technology Seoul National UniversitySuwon 16229Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea Department of Physics Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 500-757Republic of Korea

Micro-light-emitting diodes(μLEDs)have gained significant interest as an activation source for gas sensors owing to their advantages,including room temperature operation and low power ***,despite these benefits,challenges still exist such as a limited range of detectable gases and slow *** this study,we present a blueμLED-integrated light-activated gas sensor array based on SnO_(2)nanoparticles(NPs)that exhibit excellent sensitivity,tunable selectivity,and rapid detection with micro-watt level power *** optimal power forμLED is observed at the highest gas response,supported by finite-difference time-domain ***,we first report the visible light-activated selective detection of reducing gases using noble metal-decorated SnO_(2)*** noble metals induce catalytic interaction with reducing gases,clearly distinguishing NH3,H2,and ***-time gas monitoring based on a fully hardwareimplemented light-activated sensing array was demonstrated,opening up new avenues for advancements in light-activated electronic nose technologies.

关键词： Micro-LED Gas sensor array Low power consumption Metal decoration Real-time detection

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Size and temperature effects on electric properties of CdTe/ZnTe quantum rings

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第9期20卷 450-455页

作者： woo-Pyo hong Seoung-Hwan Park Department of Electronics Engineering Catholic University of DaeguHayangKyeongbuk 712-702Korea

The electronic properties of CdTe/ZnTe quantum rings （QRs） are investigated as functions of size and temperature using an eight-band strain-dependent k.p Hamiltonian. The size effects of diameter and height on the strain distributions around the QRs are studied. We find that the interband transition energy, defined as the energy difference between the ground electronic and the ground heavy-hole subbands, increases with the increasing QR inner diameter regardless of the temperature, while the interband energy decreases with the increasing QR height, This is attributed to the reduction of subband energies in both the conduction and the valence bands due to the strain effects. Our model, in the framework of the finite element method and the theory of elasticity of solids, shows a good agreement with the temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurement of the interband transition energies.

关键词： quantum ring eight-band k.p model finite-element method strain and temperatureeffects electronic structure

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