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Microglial dysfunction and genetic risk for neurodegenerative disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1401-1402页

作者： Debra S.MacDonald jay Penney Department of Biomedical Sciences AVCUniversity of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPECanada

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases a re increasing in prevalence as world populations *** tremendous progress has been made,our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the development of these diseases remains far from com *** troubling,despite the growing emotional and financial toll being to ken by neurodegenerative disorders,existing treatment options are limited almost exclusively to those that help manage symptoms but that lack the ability to alter the progression of the disease(Liu et al.,2022).

关键词： degenerative diseases

Maximizing biomass utilization: An integrated strategy for coproducing multiple chemicals

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 180-191页

作者： Byeongchan Ahn Sua Jo Jonggeol Na J.jay Liu Young-Ju Kim Wangyun Won Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated process) Kyung Hee University Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University Department of Chemical Engineering Pukyong National University Resources Engineering Plant Research Department Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol（1,6-HDO） with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments（LCAs）.Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically（USRDSCHARDOLLAR3,402/ton） and environmentally（-26.9 kg CO2eq.）. This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.

关键词： Carbon capture and utilization

Radical induction theory of ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第16期11卷 2371-2384页

作者： jay Pravda PO Box 142181 Gainesville FL 32614USA

To propose a new pathogenesis called Radical Induction to explain the genesis and progression of ulcerative colitis (UC). UC is an inflammatory bowel disease. Colonic inflammation in UC is mediated by a buildup of white blood cells (WBCs) within the colonic mucosal lining; however,to date there is no answer for why WBCs initially enter the colonic mucosa to begin with. A new pathogenesis termed 'Radical Induction Theory' is proposed to explain this and states that excess un-neutralized hydrogen peroxide, produced within colonic epithelial cells as a result of aberrant cellular metabolism, diffuses through cell membranes to the extracellular space where it is converted to the highly damaging hydroxyl radical resulting in oxidative damage to structures comprising the colonic epithelial barrier. Once damaged, the barrier is unable to exclude highly immunogenic fecal bacterial antigens from invading the normally sterile submucosa. This antigenic exposure provokes an initial immune response of WBC infiltration into the colonic mucosa. Once present in the mucosa,WBCs are stimulated to secrete toxins by direct exposure to fecal bacteria leading to mucosal ulceration and bloody diarrhea characteristic of this disease.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Radical induction Oxidative stress Hydrogen peroxide

Crohn’s disease:Evidence for involvement of unregulated transcytosis in disease etio-pathogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第11期17卷 1416-1426页

作者： jay Pravda Inflammatory Disease Research Centre PO Box 32632 West Palm BeachFloridaFL 33420United States

Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic inflammatory bowel *** has identified genetic predisposition and environmental factors as key elements in the development of the ***,the precise mechanism that initiates immune activation remains *** pathway for luminal antigenic molecules to enter the sterile lamina propria and activate an immune response is via ***,although tightly regulated by the cell,has the potential for transepithelial transport of bacteria and highly antigenic luminal molecules whose uncontrolled translocation into the lamina propria can be the source of immune *** as a whole,the evidence suggests that unregulated intestinal epithelial transcytosis is involved in the inappropriate presentation of immunogenic luminal macromolecules to the intestinal lamina *** fulfilling the role of an early pre-morbid mechanism that can result in antigenic overload of the lamina propria and initiate an immune response culminating in chronic inflammation characteristic of this *** is the aim of this paper to present evidence implicating enterocyte transcytosis in the early etio-pathogenesis of CD.

关键词： Crohn’s Transcytosis Endocytosis

Evidence-based pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis:A causal role for colonic epithelial hydrogen peroxide

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第31期28卷 4263-4298页

作者： jay Pravda Disease Pathogenesis Inflammatory Disease Research CentrePalm Beach GardensFL 33410United States

In this comprehensive evidence-based analysis of ulcerative colitis(UC),a causal role is identified for colonic epithelial hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in both the pathogenesis and relapse of this debilitating inflammatory bowel *** have shown that H_(2)O_(2) production is significantly increased in the non-inflamed colonic epithelium of individuals with UC.H_(2)O_(2) is a powerful neutrophilic chemo-tactic agent that can diffuse through colonic epithelial cell membranes creating an interstitial chemotactic molecular“trail”that attracts adjacent intra-vascular neutrophils into the colonic epithelium leading to mucosal inflammation and UC.A novel therapy aimed at removing the inappropriate H_(2)O_(2) mediated chemotactic signal has been highly effective in achieving complete histologic resolution of colitis in patients experiencing refractory disease with at least one(biopsy-proven)histologic remission lasting 14 years to *** evidence implies that therapeutic intervention to prevent the re-establishment of a pathologic H_(2)O_(2) mediated chemotactic signaling gradient will indefinitely preclude neutrophilic migration into the colonic epithelium constituting a functional cure for this *** data indicate that individuals with UC have normal immune systems and current treatment guidelines calling for the suppression of the immune response based on the belief that UC is caused by an underlying immune dysfunction are not supported by the evidence and may cause serious adverse *** is the aim of this paper to present experimental and clinical evidence that identifies H_(2)O_(2) produced by the colonic epithelium as the causal agent in the pathogenesis of UC.A detailed explanation of a novel therapeutic intervention to normalize colonic H_(2)O_(2),its rationale,components,and formulation is also provided.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Pathogenesis,Treatment Hydrogen peroxide

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of a Páramo Ecosystem in the Northern Ecuadorian Andes 1988-2007

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第3期11卷 708-716页

作者： Oliver WIGMORE jay GAO School of Environment University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand Department of Geography The Ohio State University 1036 Derby Hall 154 N Oval Mall Columbus Ohio 43210 USA Byrd Polar Research Center The Ohio State University 108 Scott Hall 1090 Carmack Road Ohio 43210 USA School of Environment University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand

Paramo is a term used to describe tropical alpine vegetation between the continuous timberline and the snow line in tbe Northern Andes. Paramo environments provide important species habitat and ecosystem services. Changes in spatial extent of the paramo ecosystem at Pambamarca in the Central Cordillera of the northern Ecuadorian Andes were analysed using multi-temporal Landsat TM/ETM＋ satellite data. The region suffered a loss of 1826.6 ha or 20% of the total area at a rate of 100 ha/annum during 1988-2007 period. It is found that permanent paramo cover decreased from 8350 ha in 1988 to 5864 ha in 2007 at a fairly constant rate （R^2=0.94）. This loss is attributed to expansion of commercial agriculture and floriculture in the valleys coupled with increased population pressure. Land at higher elevations has been cleared for small scale agriculture. Loss of the paramo ecosystem will exert a number of negative impacts on ecosystem services and livelihoods of the local population at Pambamarca.

关键词： Paramo ecosystem Change analysis Remote sensing Andes

Partial expansion of a Lipschitz domain and some applications

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2012年第2期7卷 249-272页

作者： jay Gopalakrishnan Weifeng Qiu Department of Mathematics Portland State University Portland OR 97297 USA Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

We show that a Lipschitz domain can be expanded solely near a part of its boundary, assuming that the part is enclosed by a piecewise C1 curve. The expanded domain as well as the extended part are both Lipschitz. We apply this result to prove a regular decomposition of standard wector Sobolev spaces with vanishing traces only on part of the boundary. Another application in the construction of low-regularity projectors into finite element spaces with partial boundary conditions is also indicated.

关键词： Lipschitz ,domain regular decomposition mixed boundary condition transversal vector field extension operator Schwarz preconditioner bounded cochain projector divergence curl SchSberl projector

Scientific observations at total solar eclipses

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第6期9卷 613-634页

作者： jay M. Pasachoff Williams College-Hopkins Observatory Williamstown Massachusetts 01267 USA California Institute of Technology 150-21 Pasadena CA 91125

The occasion of the longest totality of an eclipse in the 18 yr 11^1/3 d saros cycle leads to taking stock of the scientific value of ground-based eclipse observations in this space age. Though a number of space satellites from the U.S., Europe, Japan, and Russia study the Sun, scientists at eclipses can observe the solar chromosphere and corona at higher spatial resolution, at higher temporal resolution, and at higher spectral resolution than are possible aloft. Furthermore, eclipse expeditions can transport a wide variety of state-of-the-art equipment to the path of totality. Thus, for at least some years to come, solar eclipse observations will remain both scientifically valuable and cost-effective ways to study the outer solar atmosphere.

关键词： Sun eclipses

Optimisation of zeolite LTA synthesis from alum sludge and the influence of the sludge source

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 130-142页

作者： Alexandra Rozhkovskaya jay Rajapakse Graeme J.Millar School of Civil and Enuironmental Engineering Science and Engineering FacultyQueensland University oTechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4000Australia Institute for Future Environments and School of Mechanical Medical and Process EngineeringQueensland Uniuersity of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4000Australia

Generation of alum sludge(AS)at drinking water treatment plants represents an environmental liability and adds to the cost of water ***,this study explored the feasibility of using low and high carbon containing alum sludge from two water treatment plants to synthesize zeolite *** hypothesis was that zeolite LTA synthesis was dependant upon alum sludge source and that a range of strategies may be required to optimize zeolite *** characteristics such as morphology,phase composition,crystallinity,and particle size distribution were recorded."One pot"hydrothermal synthesis of precursor gel with molar composition 4.2 Na2O:Al2O3:1.2 SiO_(2):168 H2O at 80℃ for 3 hr resulted in 25 and 46 wt.%zeolite LTA from high and low carbonaceous sludge,*** to hydrothermal reaction stage it was discovered that ageing of the gel,addition of zeolite LTA seeds,ultrasonic treatment and calcination all promoted zeolite LTA *** of the alum sludge at 700℃ for 2 hr before hydrothermal synthesis resulted in particle size reduction and the highest amount of crystalline zeolite LTA:79 wt.%from low carbon sludge and 65 wt.%from high carbon ***,the zeolite crystallinity reported in this study was the higher than previous studies on this *** outlined approach may allow value adding of alum waste and produce a commodity which could be used locally by the water treatment plant as a water softener.

关键词： Alum sludge Zeolite LTA Ultrasonic Ageing Waste conversion