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Recognizing production options for pearl millet in Pakistan under changing climate scenarios

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第4期16卷 762-773页

作者： Asmat Ullah Ashfaq Ahmad Tasneem Khaliq javaid akhtar Agro-climatology Laboratory Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan Directorate of Agronomy Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad 38850 Pakistan Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan

Climate change is making the lands a harsher environment all over the world including Pakistan. It is expected to oppose us with three main challenges： increase in temperature up to 2-5℃ （heat stress）, increasing water stress and severe malnourishment due to climate change. It has been foreseen that there will be a 10% increase of dryland areas with climate change in the world, with more variability and incidences of short periods of extreme events （drought and heat stress）. Pearl millet is a hardy, climate smart grain crop, idyllic for environments prone to drought and heat stresses. The crop continues to produce highly nutritious grain sustainably, thereby encouraging the fight against poverty and food insecurity due to its resilience. The crop is more responsive to good production options （planting time, planting density, inter/intra row spacing, nitrogen application and irrigation）. It has high crop growth rate, large leaf area index and high radiation use efficiency that confers its high potential yield. In most of the cases, pearl millet is remained our agricultural answer to the climate calamity that we are facing, because it is selected as water saving, drought tolerant and climate change complaint crop. In view of circumstances, pearl millet cultivation must be retrieved by recognizing production options in context to changing climate scenarios of Pakistan using crop modeling techniques.

关键词： pearl millet production options climate change nitrogen use efficiency radiation use efficiency

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Drought Stress Impairs Grain Yield and Quality of Rice Genotypes by Impaired Photosynthetic Attributes and K Nutrition

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Rice science 2020年第1期27卷 5-9页

作者： Muhammad Zahid MUMTAZ Muhammad SAQIB Ghulam ABBAS javaid akhtar Zia Ul-QAMAR Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology The University of Lahore Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS University Plant Breeding and Genetics Division Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology

Drought is one of the most prevalent abiotic stresses that adversely affect rice productivity(Petrozza et al, 2014). Rice is very sensitive to drought stress and drought can cause 50% reduction in rice production globally(Yang et al, 2008). To meet the food needs for global population, 63% more agricultural production will be required by the year 2050 than.

关键词： drought Yield globally

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Ozonation of ibuprofen in presence of SrWO4/ZnO photo-catalyst

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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 391-399页

作者： Hesham Alhumade javaid akhtar Saad Al-Shahrani Iqbal Ahmed Moujdin M.B.Tahir Department of Chemical&Materials Engineering King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Institute of Chemical Engineering&Technology University of the PunjabLahorePakistan Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology King Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 80200Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Department of Physics University of the GujratGujratPakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering King Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 80200Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia

The study was performed for removing ibuprofen from water using ozonation with visible light SrWO4/ZnO *** the removal of Ibuprofen,the overall reaction was carried out in a glass reactor in the presence of UV light and constant supply of *** maximum removal efficiency of Ibuprofen was 93%at 0.1 mg/L initial Ibuprofen concentration,and 0.35 g/L catalyst concentration keeping the contact time 30 *** a certain value,an increase in a concentration of doping agent,catalyst as well as initial Ibuprofen concentration results in a decrease of efficiency of the *** prepared photo catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction,FTIR spectra and SEM *** peaks and FTIR spectra has clearly shown that the doping of SrWO4 with ZnO showed better result as compared to *** analysis showed that they spherical nano-composite crystals were dominant in *** character was found to reduce after ozonation of *** by products were formed and were identified through GC-MS *** results,it was found that combination of SrWO4/ZnO was able to remove 93%of ibuprofen and 0.4%dopping of ZnO on SrWO4 was found to be *** pattern of by products were identitified in GC-MS with various mass ratios as 177,92,57,*** 55%removal of BOD was observed in this *** study was found to be useful for removal of pharmaceuticals and other similar pollutants from water effectively.

关键词： Ozonation Ibuprofen Photo-catalyst GC-MS BOD SrWO4/ZnO

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Phase Noise Quenching in a Four-Level Laser

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第3期27卷 184-187页

作者： javaid Anwar Department of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Pakistan

In the presence of usual transmission losses, it is shown that phase noise in a four-level laser can be reduced below the Schawlow-Townes limit when lasing levels are coupled to a squeezed vacuum reservoir. The squeezed vacuum coupled to the lasing mode modifies the phase diffusion rate and dominates the contribution from transmission losses. It is predicted to obtain phase stability in the system and phase noise vanishes for larger squeezing. Gain of the laser remains positive under these conditions.

关键词： Optics quantum optics and lasers

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Progress in twin roll casting of magnesium alloys: A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第2期9卷 362-391页

作者： Amjad javaid Frank Czerwinski CanmetMATERIALS Natural Resources CanadaHamiltonOntarioL8P 0A5Canada

Twin roll casting was commercialized for a strip production from ferrous and non-ferrous alloys in the 1950 s;however,its application to magnesium has proven difficult and still creates major *** report describes global efforts in expanding manufacturing capabilities of magnesium sheet through twin roll casting path,offering many benefits,including a reduction in number of processing steps and energy *** addition to hardware design,alloy transformation during processing,product microstructure and properties,examples of successful solutions along with present technology and knowledge limitations are discussed.A particular attention is paid to developments at Canmet MATERIALS,having the only in North America pilot scale twin roll casting facility,devoted to *** are described that aim at design of new magnesium alloys,which could take advantage of unique processing conditions during twin roll casting and contribute to the overall progress in magnesium sheet manufacturing.

关键词： Twin roll casting Magnesium alloys Solidification Magnesium sheet

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A Novel Action Transformer Network for Hybrid Multimodal Sign Language Recognition

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 523-537页

作者： Sameena javaid Safdar Rizvi Department of Computer Sciences School of Engineering and Applied SciencesBahria UniversityKarachi CampusKarachiPakistan

Sign language fills the communication gap for people with hearing and speaking *** includes both visual modalities,manual gestures consisting of movements of hands,and non-manual gestures incorporating body movements including head,facial expressions,eyes,shoulder shrugging,*** both gestures have been detected;identifying separately may have better accuracy,butmuch communicational information is *** sign language mechanism is needed to detect manual and non-manual gestures to convey the appropriate detailed message to *** novel proposed system contributes as Sign LanguageAction Transformer Network(SLATN),localizing hand,body,and facial gestures in video *** we are expending a Transformer-style structural design as a“base network”to extract features from a spatiotemporal *** impulsively learns to track individual persons and their action context inmultiple ***,a“head network”emphasizes hand movement and facial expression simultaneously,which is often crucial to understanding sign language,using its attention mechanism for creating tight bounding boxes around classified *** model’s work is later compared with the traditional identification methods of activity *** not only works faster but achieves better accuracy as *** achieves overall 82.66%testing accuracy with a very considerable performance of computation with 94.13 Giga-Floating Point Operations per Second(G-FLOPS).Another contribution is a newly created dataset of Pakistan Sign Language forManual and Non-Manual(PkSLMNM)gestures.

关键词： Sign language gesture recognition manual signs non-manual signs action transformer network

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Effect of hot rolling on microstructure and properties of the ZEK100 alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2019年第1期7卷 27-37页

作者： Amjad javaid Frank Czerwinski CanmetMATERIALS 183 Longwood Road SouthHamiltonOntario L8P 0A5Canada

Attempts to expand manufacturing capabilities of magnesium-based sheet materials are *** as-cast ZEK100(Mg-1.2Zn-0.35Zr-0.17Nd,in wt%)magnesium alloy was subjected to hot rolling at temperatures from 350℃to 450℃using the laboratory 50 ton reversible mill with preheated rolls to manufacture the 1.5-1.7 mm thick *** rolling temperature affected the sheet properties and an increase in the rolling temperature from 250 to 450℃caused reduction of tensile strength from 257 to 228 MPa ac-companied by a reduction in tensile yield stress from 237 to 185 *** the same time,the alloy elongation increased from 17 to 21%.For the same rolling temperature range,the compressive strength reduced from 418 to 351 *** post-rolling annealing at 450℃led to reduction of both tensile and compressive properties with the largest changes corresponding to the rolling temperature of 350°*** correlation between the alloy grain size after rolling and the sheet properties was established where a reduction in grain size was accompanied by an increase of both the tensile/compressive strength and yield *** on Hall-Petch relationship and an average grain size the correlation developed in this study may be used as the prediction model for properties of the hot rolled magnesium *** results are discussed in terms of recent developments in magnesium sheet alloys and the vital role played in this process by rare earth elements.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Hot deformation Microstructure Rare earths Sheet rolling

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Phytodiversity and medicinal plant distribution in pasturelands of North Western Himalaya in relation to environmental gradients

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第4期16卷 884-897,955-963页

作者： javaid M.DAD Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture

This study aimed at elucidating phytodiversity of pasturelands of North-western Kashmir Himalayan biotic province in relation to various environmental gradients, with added focus on assessing distribution of important threatened medicinal plant taxa across surveyed pasturelands. A total of 16 sites that spanned across a broad altitudinal gradient(2502-4120 m) were selected. Phytosociological data like density, cover, frequency and abundance of vascular flora were collected and processed using gradient analysis. Soil moisture, nitrogen, organic carbon, acidity and electrical conductivity, altitude, degree of slope and human disturbance were recorded from each site. Analysis of species composition showed a total of 293 species of vascular plants, belonging to 192 genera and 64 families recorded from surveyed sites. Rank abundance exhibited that majority of species are locally rare and patchily distributed, with over 60% of species recording frequencies between 0%-20% and none showing frequencies more than 80%. Species richness showed significant variations and ranged from 20(Parihasmaidan) to 114(Nagbarren) for macro and 3.53±2.11(Thajwas) to 8.76± 1.01(Marsar) for micro-scale of measurement. The ShannonWiener(H') and Simpson's diversity(Ds) indices also varied greatly and were recorded highest(H'= 2.76 & Ds= 0.36) for Marsar and lowest(0.87 & 0.62) for Parihasmaidan. The diversity attributes suggested that pasturelands with lower species richness and diversity on macro-scale were not always species poor and less diverse on micro-measurement scale. The life form groupings highlighted the hemicryptophytic character of vegetation and species with highest importance value index were Sibbaldia cuneata(5.71), Rumex nepalensis(2.89), Juniperus wallichiana(2.88), Cynodon dactylon(2.83), Poa annua(2.49) and Sambucus wightiana(2.41). The results of canonical correspondence analysis showed that effect of altitude and anthropogenic disturbance was overriding and among various en

关键词： Anthropogenic disturbance Kashmir Himalaya Medicinal plants Mountain grasslands

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Changes in soil organic carbon,nitrogen and sulphur along a slope gradient in apple orchard soils of Kashmir Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第9期18卷 2377-2387页

作者： javaid M DAD Lotfollah ABDOLLAHI Department of Botany University of KashmirHazratbalSrinagar(J&K)India Faculty of Agriculture Payame Noor UniversityTehranP.O.Box 19395-3697Iran

Accumulation and losses of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)and sulphur(S)influence food security and global ***,their spatial distribution and variability at regional scale,and their relation to topographical variables are of great *** this study,the variability of SOC,TN and S content was evaluated in apple orchard soils of Kashmir region,at three depths(D1:0-10,D2:10-20,and D3:20-30 cm)on slope gradient i.e.:flat,medium,and *** an increase in slope,a significant decrease of SOC and TN was observed,with concentration of SOC and TN recorded highest(14.3±2.06 g kg-1&0.97±0.35 g kg-1)in flat slope orchards and lowest(9.6±2.07 g kg-1&0.84±0.41 g kg-1)in high slope *** stock basis,the values recorded for flat,medium,and high slope orchards,for SOC and TN were 54.62±4.24 Mg ha-1&0.38±0.06 Mg ha-1,44.13±5.11 Mg ha-1&0.32±0.09 Mg ha-1,and 38.73±5.94 Mg ha-1&0.28±0.10,*** differences for S concentration and stocks were modest,with flat(0.21±0.15 mg kg-1&0.09±0.0.003 Mg ha-1)>high(0.16±0.07 mg kg-1&0.06±0.007 Mg ha-1)>medium(0.12±0.04 mg kg-1&0.075±0.009 Mg ha-1).Across slopes,SOC,TN and S decreased with increasing soil depth,suggesting clear downward ***,SOC and TN increased with the increase of altitude,precipitation and clay content while its relationship with soil acidity and soil bulk density was *** findings may provide scientific basis to structure agricultural development plans or prioritize regions for soil conservation efforts.

关键词： Apple orchards Slope Soil organic carbon Sulphur Total nitrogen Soil bulk density

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Blend of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesized By Lipase Positive Bacteria From Plant Oils

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第5期7卷 463-476页

作者： Nasir javaid Rida Batool Nazia Jamil Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahore-54590Pakistan

A total of 5 biochemically characterized lipase positive bacterial strains were screened for Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHA)production by Nile blue staining and confirmation was done by Sudan Black *** production ability for all strains was optimized followed by time profiling calculation and comparison via using glucose and two plant oils i.e.,canola and mustard *** analysis showed that glucose can serve as a carbon source for maximum biomass(2.5 g/L CDW for strain 5)and PHA production(70.3%for strain 2).PHA produced by strain 2 was further analyzed for its chemical composition and type via Fourier Transform Infrared(FT-IR)*** revealed homopolymer(PHB)and copolymer(PHB-co-PHV)production of PHA(peaks at 1743 cm-1 and 2861 cm-1,respectively)with both canola and mustard oil unlike glucose which produced only homopolymer one i.e.,PHB(peaks at 1110 cm-1,1411 cm-1 and 1650 cm-1).Crystallinity of FT-IR analyzed PHA was calculated using mathematical formulas which showed decrease from glucose to canola to mustard *** study revealed that plant oils can serve as better carbon source to produce better quality(ductile and copolymer)***,16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that strain 1,strain 2,strain 3,strain 4 and strain 5 are Stenotrophomonas sp.N3,Exiguobacterium sp.N4,Exiguobacterium ***3,Cellulosimicrobium sp.A8 and Klebsiella ***2,respectively.

关键词： Bioplastics polyhydroxyalkanoates lipase positive bacteria plant oils,FT-IR

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