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Collecting Ophiocordyceps sinensis:an emerging livelihood strategy in the Garhwal,Indian Himalaya

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journal of Mountain Science 2017年第2期14卷 390-402页

作者： Laura CAPLINS Sarah j.halvorson Department of Society and Conservation College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontana59812USA Department of Geography College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontana59812USA

In the Garhwal of Uttarakhand, India, the Bhotiya, an ethnically and culturally distinct tribal group, were historically engaged in seasonal migration(i.e. transhumance) to take advantage of scarce mountain resources and trade relations with Tibet. This livelihood practice has all but *** are adapting to these changing circumstances by engaging in the collection and sale of the valuable alpine medicinal fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis, widely known as Cordyceps. The collection of this fungus has exploded, emerging as a lucrative yet high-risk livelihood strategy for many Bhotiya *** Bhotiyas' historic herding and trade-based interactions and knowledge of these alpine environments where Cordyceps are found uniquely positions them to access this valuable biological resource. Elsewhere in the Himalayan region, some households are earning as much as two-thirds of their income from the collection of Cordyceps; in China Cordyceps is now listed as an endangered species due to intense over-exploitation in the Tibetan *** paper seeks to fill the void in the scientific literature on the social, ecological and economic aspects of the emerging Cordyceps trade in the Garhwal. Our study investigates the socio-spatial dimensions of Cordyceps collection in the high alpine meadows. We document how a fusion of local knowledge and practice with alpine mountain systems has served to reinvigorate the economic integrity of mountain communities at a time of rapid socioeconomic change and to reimagine a new relationship between alpine resources and community *** article offers suggestions to address the sustainability of both Cordyceps collection and livelihood activities which hinge on this fungus population. We find a need for(1) community-based conservation measures that are rooted in(2) secure resource access rights for local communities to continue sustainable collection and sale of Cordyceps and(3) participatory-and science-based proc

关键词： Cordyceps ( Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Garhwal Himalaya Livelihood Alpine meadows Bhotiya Sustainability

Design of synthetic materials for intracellular delivery of RNAs： From siRNA-mediated gene silencing to CRISPR/Cas gene editing

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5310-5337页

作者： jason B. Miller Daniel j. Siegwart Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 USA

Ribonucleic acids （RNAs） possess great therapeutic potential and can be used to treat a variety of diseases. The unique biophysical properties of RNAs, such as high molecular weight, negative charge, hydrophilicity, low stability, and potential immunogenicity, require chemical modification and development of carriers to enable intracellular delivery of RNAs for clinical use. A variety of nanornaterials have been developed for the effective in vivo delivery of short/ small RNAs, messenger RNAs, and RNAs required for gene editing technologies including clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat （CRISPR）/Cas. This review outlines the challenges of delivering RNA therapeutics, explores the chemical synthesis of RNA modifications and carriers, and describes the efforts to design nanomaterials that can be used for a variety of clinical indications.

关键词： nucleic acid therapeutics nanoparticles synthetic nanomaterials RNA interference (RNAi) messenger RNA (mRNA) clustered regularly inter-spaced palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/Cas

Molecular phylogeny, morphology and life-history comparisons within Circus cyaneus reveal the presence of two distinct evolutionary lineages

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Chinese Birds 2016年第4期7卷 187-198页

作者： Graham j.Etherington jason A.Mobley Museum of Vertebrate Zoology 3101 Valley Life Science Building University of California Organisms and Ecosystems The Earlham Institute Norwich Research Park Aquasis Caucaia

Background: Circus cyaneus is a medium-sized bird of prey that is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. There are two currently recognized forms, the Palearctic form C. c. cyaneus(Hen Harrier), and the Nearctic form C. c. hudsonius(Northern Harrier). The forms have recently been split by the British Ornithologists' Union but the American Ornithologists' Union and some other taxonomic committees have not yet made any change. Here we examine the phylogenetic relationship between the two forms using sequence data from multiple nuclear and mitochondrial genes and examine breeding biology, body size, morphology, dispersal and other ***: In order to fully compare cyaneus and hudsonius, we carried out a full literature review, measured museum skins and carried out phylogenetic analysis using a number of different mitochondrial genes and compare our findings to other recent ***: We find that these two allopatric taxa form reciprocally monophyletic groups, show substantial mt DNA sequence divergence, and further differ significantly with respect to body size, plumage characters, breeding biology, dispersal and other behavioral ***: Based on an array of consistently divergent characteristics, it is suggested that the two forms are best regarded as separate species, Hen Harrier(Circus cyaneus) and Northern Harrier(Circus hudsonius).

关键词： Circus cyaneus Circus hudsonius Hen Harrier Northern Harrier Phylogenetics Speciation Evolution

Using Twitter Bios to Measure Changes in Self-Identity:Are Americans Defining Themselves More Politically Over Time?

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journal of Social Computing 2021年第1期2卷 1-13页

作者： Nick Rogers jason j.jones Department of Sociology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA

Are Americans weaving their political views more tightly into the fabric of their self-identity over time?If so,then we might expect partisan disagreements to continue becoming more emotional,tribal,and *** recent scholarship has speculated that this politicization of Americans’identity is occurring,but there has been little compelling attempt to quantify the phenomenon,largely because the concept of identity is notoriously difficult to *** introduce here a methodology,Longitudinal Online Profile Sampling(LOPS),which affords quantifiable insights into the way individuals amend their identity over *** this method,we analyze millions of“bios”on the microblogging site Twitter over a 4-year span,and conclude that the average American user is increasingly integrating politics into their social *** on the site are adding political words to their bios at a higher rate than any other category of words we measured,and are now more likely to describe themselves by their political affiliation than their religious *** data suggest that this is due to both cohort and individual-level effects.

关键词： identity social identity theory social media ideology political polarization Twitter

The opportunity cost of androgen suppression in locally advanced prostate cancer

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Asian journal of Andrology 2013年第3期15卷 356-357页

作者： Phillip j Gray jason A Efstathiou William U Shipley Harvard Radiation Oncology Program Boston MA 02114 USA Department of Radiation Oncology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA

The use of androgen suppression ther- apy （AST） and radiotherapy for locallyadvanced prostate cancer has become the standard of care worldwide. At the same time, it has become clear that AST carries significant risk for side effects. Recently, Denham and colleagues have reported ini- tial quality of life （QoL） results from the TROG 03.04 RADAR trial. The authors identify clinically meaningful decrements in patient-reported QoL for those treated with 18 months of AST vs. 6 months but only marginal differences at 36 months. Once survival data becomes available, these data will help to frame any benefits seen for longer courses of AST.

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THE *** CENTER AS A LIVING LABORATORY:CONNECTING CAMPUS SUSTAINABILITY GOALS WITH THE EDUCATIONAL MISSION AT HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE,AMHERST,MA

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journal of Green Building 2018年第4期13卷 125-145页

作者： Christina M.Cianfrani Sarah Hews jason Tor jason j.jewhurst Claire Shillington Matthew Raymond Associate Professor of Hydrology School of Natural ScienceHampshire CollegeAmherstMA Associate Professor of Mathematics School of Natural ScienceHampshire CollegeAmherstMA Professor of Microbiology School of Natural ScienceHampshire CollegeAmherstMA AIA Principal Bruner/Cott ArchitectsCambridge MA School of Natural Science Hampshire CollegeAmherstMA

*** The *** Center In 2016 the *** Center became Hampshire College’s first new building in 40 years(Figure 1).Located at the heart of the Hampshire College campus,the *** Center is a multi-purpose facility intended to embody a high threshold of for-ward-thinking sustainable design:generating its own energy;capturing and treating its own water;and processing and recycling its *** design also embodies a broader definition of“green”building,prioritizing non-toxic materials,local and ethical prod-ucts,and principals of biophilia and natural ***e new building,which includes classrooms,offices,and a community caféand gallery,serves as a primary entry point to the campus and was designed to engage prospective students as well as provide community *** the spring of 2018,the Kern Center became the 17th building to be certified and meet the Living Building Challenge(LBC)(International Living Future Institute,2018a)after a year of post-occupancy performance *** 17,000 square feet,it is the largest Living Building on a higher education campus and considering the relatively small size of the college(~1300 students)it showcases Hampshire College’s substantial commitment to sustainable design and *** Living Building Challenge A program of the International Living Future Institute,the Living Building Challenge is a building certification system and sustainable design framework for creating built environments that have a positive impact on people and the environ-ment(International Living Future Institute,2018a).The Challenge is organized into seven performance areas covering different aspects of holistic sustainable design:place,water,energy,health+happiness,materials,equity,and *** order to achieve“Living”status,projects must fulfill all imperatives in each of these *** College Hampshire College is an innovative private college in Amherst,***e academic program is highly dynamic

关键词： sustainability higher education Living Building Challenge regenerative design Net Zero innovative curriculum development

iGluR expression in the hippocampal formation, entorhinal cortex, and superior temporal gyrus in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2197-2199页

作者： jason HY Yeung Henry j Waldvogel Richard LM Faull Andrea Kwakowsky Centre for Brain Research Department of Anatomy and Medical ImagingFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)constitutes the largest proportion of dementia worldwide,with a significant associated medical *** major pathological hallmarks of AD include the gradual accumulation and deposition of amyloid-beta(Aβ)plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein(Revett et al.,2013).Whilst investigations centered around the tau and Aβhypothesis have been the main focus for the previous decades,the lack of therapeutic solutions has pushed for research into other potential therapeutic targets.

关键词： Alzheimer Aβ tau

Cytokines from the pig conceptus:roles in conceptus development in pigs

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 130-141页

作者： Rodney D Geisert Matthew C Lucy jeffrey j Whyte jason W Ross Daniel j Mathew Animal Sciences Research Center University of Missouri Department of Animal Science Iowa State University

Establishment of pregnancy in pigs involves maintaining progesterone secretion from the corpora lutea in addition to regulating a sensitive interplay between the maternal immune system and attachment of the rapidly expanding trophoblast for nutrient absorption. The peri-implantation period of rapid trophoblastic elongation followed by attachment to the maternal uterine endometrium is critical for establishing a sufficient placental-uterine interface for subsequent nutrient transport for fetal survival to term, but is also marked by the required conceptus release of factors involved with stimulating uterine secretion of histotroph and modulation of the maternal immune system. Many endometrial genes activated by the conceptus secretory factors stimulate a tightly controlled proinflammatory response within the uterus. A number of the cytokines released by the elongating conceptuses stimulate inducible transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B （NFKB） potentially regulating the maternal uterine proinflammatory and immune response. This review will establish the current knowledge for the role of conceptus cytokine production and release in early development and establishment of pregnancy in the pig.

关键词： Cytokines Embryo development Porcine conceptus Pregnancy Prostaglandins uterus

Magnesium:pathophysiological mechanisms and potential therapeutic roles in intracerebral hemorrhage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第7期14卷 1116-1121页

作者： jason j.Chang Rocco Armonda Nitin Goyal Adam S.Arthur Department of Critical Care Medicine MedStar Washington Hospital Center Department of Neurology Georgetown University School of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery Georgetown University School of Medicine Department of Neurology University of Tennessee Health Science Center Semmes Murphey Clinic Department of Neurosurgery University of Tennessee Health Science Center

Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) remains the second-most common form of stroke with high morbidity and *** can be divided into two pathophysiological stages:an acute primary phase,including hematoma volume expansion,and a subacute secondary phase consisting of blood-brain barrier disruption and perihematomal edema *** date,all major trials for ICH have targeted the primary phase with therapies designed to reduce hematoma expansion through blood pressure control,surgical evacuation,and ***,none of these trials has resulted in improved clinical *** is a ubiquitous element that also plays roles in vasodilation,hemostasis,and blood-brain barrier *** models have highlighted potential therapeutic roles for magnesium in neurological diseases specifically targeting these pathophysiological *** studies have also demonstrated inverse associations between admission magnesium levels and hematoma volume,hematoma expansion,and clinical outcome in patients with *** associations,coupled with the multifactorial role of magnesium that targets both primary and secondary phases of ICH,suggest that magnesium may be a viable target of study in future ICH studies.

关键词： intracerebral hemorrhage stroke,magnesium vasodilation hemostasis blood-brain barrier perihematomal edema