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Visual rating and th. use of image analysis for assessing canopy density in a pecan provenance collection during leaf fall

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第6期34卷 1843-1854页

作者： Cristina Pisani Clive h.Bock Jennifer randall United States Department of Agriculture−Agricultural Research.Service (USDA-ARS)Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Station(SEFTNRS)ByronGA 31008USA Department of Entomology Plant Pathology and Weed ScienceNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA

A collection representing th. native range of pecan was planted at th. US DA-ARS South.astern Fruit and Tree Nut Research.Station,Byron,*** collection(867 trees)is a valuable genetic resource for ch.racterizing important h.rticultural *** density during leaf fall is important as th. seasonal canopy dynamics provides insigh.s to environmental cues and breeding potential of *** ability of visual raters to estimate canopy density on a subset of th. provenance collection(76 trees)as an indicator of leaf sh.d during autumn along with.image analysis values was *** canopy density using th. image analysis software was less compared to visual estimates(11.9%vs 18.4%,respectively).At h.gh.r canopy densities,th. raters overestimated foliage density,but overall agreement between raters and measured values was good(ρc=0.849 to 0.915),and inter-rater reliability was h.gh.R^(2)=0.910 to 0.953).Th. provenance from Missouri(MOL),th. north.rnmost provenance,h.d th. lowest canopy density in November,and results sh.w th.t th. h.gh.r th. latitude of th. provenance,th. lower th. canopy *** on regression,th. source provenance latitude explained 0.609 of th. variation using image analysis,and0.551 to 0.640 wh.n based on th. rater estimates of canopy *** assessment of pecan canopy density due to late season leaf fall for comparing pecan genotypes provides accurate and reliable estimates and could be used in future studies of th. wh.le provenance collection.

关键词： Carya illinoinensis Accuracy Reliability Canopy Foliage density Leaf area density Leaf area index

Evolutionary computation in zoology and ecology

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 675-686页

作者： randall B. BOONE Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and th. Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability ColoradoState University Fort Collins CO 80523-1499 USA

Evolutionary computational meth.ds h.ve adopted attributes of natural selection and evolution to solve problems in computer science, engineering, and oth.r fields. Th. meth.d is growing in use in zoology and ecology. Evolutionary principles may be merged with.an agent-based modeling perspective to h.ve individual animals or oth.r agents compete. Four main categories are discussed： genetic algorith.s, evolutionary programming, genetic programming, and evolutionary strategies. In evolutionary computation, a population is represented in a way th.t allows for an objective function to be assessed th.t is relevant to th. problem of interest. Th. poorest performing members are removed from th. population, and remaining members reproduce and may be mutated. Th. fitness of th. members is again assessed, and th. cycle continues until a stopping condition is met. Case studies include optimizing： egg sh.pe given different clutch.sizes, mate selection, migration of wildebeest, birds, and elk, vulture foraging beh.vior, algal bloom prediction, and species rich.ess given energy constraints. Oth.r case studies simulate th. evolution of species and a means to project sh.fts in species ranges in response to a ch.nging climate th.t includes competition and ph.notypic plasticity. Th.s introduction concludes by citing oth.r uses of evolutionary computation and a review of th. flexibility of th. meth.ds. For example, representing species＇ nich. spaces subject to selective pressure allows studies on cladistics, th. taxon cycle, neutral versus nich. paradigms, fundamental versus realized nich.s, community structure and order of colonization, invasiveness, and responses to a ch.nging climate.

关键词： agent-based modeling case studies evolutionary programming evolutionary strategies genetic algorith.s geneticprogramming.

Examination of literature on colloidal dispersion gels for oil recovery

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Petroleum Science 2021年第4期18卷 1097-1114页

作者： Dongmei Wang randall S.Serigh. University of North.Dakota United States New Mexico Tech United States

Th.s paper examines literature th.t claims,suggests,or implies th.t floods with.colloidal dispersion gels"(CDGs)are superior to polymer floods for oil *** motivation for th.s report is *** CDGs can propagate deep into th. porous rock of a reservoir,and at th. same time,provide resistance factors or residual resistance factors th.t are greater th.n th.se for th. same polymer formulation with.ut th. crosslinker,th.n CDGs sh.uld be used in place of polymer solutions for most/all polymer,surfactant,and ASP *** contrast,if th. claims are not valid,(1)money spent on crosslinker in th. CDG formulations was wasted,(2)th. mobility reduction/mobility control for CDG field projects was under-designed,and(3)reservoir performance could h.ve been damaged by excessive loss of polymer,face-plugging by gels,and/or excessive fracture *** th.s review,th. clear answer is th.t th.re is no credible evidence th.t colloidal dispersion gels can propagate deep into th. porous rock of a reservoir,and at th. same time,provide resistance factors or residual resistance factors th.t are greater th.n th.se for th. same polymer formulation with.ut th. *** h.ve been sold using a number of misleading and invalid *** commonly,h.ll plots are claimed to demonstrate th.t CDGs provide h.gh.r resistance factors and/or residual resistance factors th.n normal polymer ***,because h.ll plots only monitor injection pressures at th. wellbore,th.y reflect th. composite of face plugging/formation damage,in-situ mobility ch.nges,and fracture *** plots cannot distinguish.between th.se effects-so th.y cannot quantify in situ resistance factors or residual resistance *** studiesdwh.re CDG gelants were forced th.ough.sh.rt cores during 2-3 h.h.ve incorrectly been cited as proof th.t CDGs will propagate deep(h.ndreds of feet)into th. porous rock of a reservoir over th. course of *** contrast,most legitimate laboratory s

关键词： Conformance improvement Colloidal dispersion gels Polymer flooding Mobility control

Limited evidence to support demineralized bone matrix in foot and ankle surgical procedures:A systematic review

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World Journal of Orth.pedics 2025年第1期16卷 57-67页

作者： h.yden h.rtman James J Butler Megan Calton Ch.rles C Lin Samanth. Rettig Jared C Tish.lman Sebastian Krebsbach.Grace W randall Joh. G Kennedy Department of Medicine Lincoln Memorial UniversityKnoxvilleTN 37752United States Department of Orth.pedic Surgery NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10002United States Department of Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin D02 YN77LeinsterIreland

BACKGROUND Demineralized bone matrix(DBM)is a commonly utilized allogenic bone graft substitute to promote osseous ***,little is known regarding outcomes following DBM utilization in foot and ankle surgical *** To evaluate th. clinical and radiograph.c outcomes following DBM as a biological adjunct in foot and ankle surgical *** During May 2023,th. PubMed,EMBASE and Coch.ane library databases were systematically reviewed to identify clinical studies examining outcomes following DBM for th. management of various foot and ankle *** regarding study ch.racteristics,patient demograph.cs,subjective clinical outcomes,radiological outcomes,complications,and failure rates were extracted and *** addition,th. level of evidence(LOE)and quality of evidence(QOE)for each.individual study was also *** studies were included in th.s *** In total,363 patients(397 ankles and feet)received DBM as part of th.ir surgical procedure at a weigh.ed mean follow-up time of 20.8±9.2 *** most common procedure performed was ankle arth.odesis in 94 patients(25.9%).Oth.r procedures performed included h.ndfoot fusion,1st metatarsoph.langeal joint arth.odesis,5th.metatarsal intramedullary screw fixation,h.llux valgus correction,osteoch.ndral lesion of th. talus repair and unicameral talar cyst *** osseous union rate in th. ankle and h.ndfoot arth.odesis coh.rt,base of th. 5th.metatarsal coh.rt,and calcaneal fracture coh.rt was 85.6%,100%,and 100%,*** weigh.ed mean visual analog scale in th. osteoch.ndral lesions of th. talus coh.rt improved from a pre-operative score of 7.6±0.1 to a post-operative score of 0.4±*** overall complication rate was 27.2%,th. most common of wh.ch.was non-union(8.8%).Th.re were 43 failures(10.8%)all of wh.ch.warranted a furth.r surgical *** Th.s current systematic review demonstrated th.t th. utilization of DBM in foot and ankle surgical proced

关键词： Demineralized bone matrix Allogenic bone graft osseous union Biological adjunct Systematic review Bone morph.genetic proteins Lower limb fusion Arth.odesis

Use of gene-editing tech.ology to introduce targeted modifications in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotech.ology 2018年第2期9卷 268-277页

作者： Jungh.un Ryu randall S.Prath.r Kih. Lee Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Tech175 W.Campus DriveBlacksburgVA 24061USA Division of Animal Science University of Missouri-Columbia920 East Campus DriveColumbiaMO 65211USA National Swine Resource and Research.Center University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbiaMO 65211USA

Pigs are an important resource in agriculture and serve as a model for h.man diseases. Due to th.ir ph.siological and anatomical similarities with.h.mans, pigs can recapitulate symptoms of h.man diseases, making th.m a useful model in biomedicine. h.wever, in th. past pig models h.ve not been widely used partially because of th. difficulty in genetic modification. Th. lack of true embryonic stem cells in pigs forced research.rs to utilize genetic modification in somatic cells and somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) to generate genetically engineered(GE) pigs carrying site-specific modifications. Alth.ugh.possible, th.s approach.is extremely inefficient and GE pigs born th.ough.th.s meth.d often presented developmental defects associated with.th. cloning process. Advancement in th. gene-editing systems such.as Zinc-Finger Nucleases(ZFNs), Transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs), and th. Clustered regularly interspaced sh.rt palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9(Cas9) system h.ve dramatically increased th. efficiency of producing GE pigs. Th.se gene-editing systems, specifically engineered endonucleases, are based on inducing double-stranded breaks(DSBs) at a specific location, and th.n site-specific modifications can be introduced th.ough.one of th. two DNA repair path.ays: non-h.mologous end joining(Nh.J) or h.mology direct repair(h.R).Random insertions or deletions(indels) can be introduced th.ough.Nh.J and specific nucleotide sequences can be introduced th.ough.h.R, if donor DNA is provided. Use of th.se engineered endonucleases provides a h.gh.r success in genetic modifications, multiallelic modification of th. genome, and an opportunity to introduce site-specific modifications during embryogenesis, th.s bypassing th. need of SCNT in GE pig production. Th.s review will provide a h.storical prospective of GE pig production and examples of h.w th. gene-editing system, led by engineered endonucleases, h.ve improved GE pig production. We wil

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 Gene-editing Genetic engineering Knock-in Knockout Pig TALEN ZFN

DOCK8 regulates signal transduction events to control immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第5期14卷 406-411页

作者： Conor J Kearney Katrina L randall Jane Oliaro Immune Defence Laboratory Cancer Immunology Division The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre East Melbourne Victoria 3002 Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease The John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia Australian National University Medical Sch.ol Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2605 Australia

Genetic mutations in th. gene encoding DOCK8 cause an autosomal recessive form of h.per immunoglobulin E syndrome （AR-h.ES）, referred to as DOCK8 deficiency. DOCK8 deficiency in h.mans results in th. onset of combined immunodeficiency disease （CID）, clinically associated with.ch.onic infections with.diverse microbial path.gens, and a predisposition to malignancy. It is now becoming clear th.t DOCK8 regulates th. function of diverse immune cell sub-types, particularly lymph.cytes, to drive both.innate and adaptive immune responses. Early studies demonstrated th.t DOCK8 is required for lymph.cyte survival, migration and immune synapse formation, wh.ch.translates to poor path.gen control in th. absence of DOCK8. h.wever, more recent advances h.ve pointed to a crucial role for DOCK8 in regulating th. signal transduction events th.t control transcriptional activity, cytokine production and functional polarization of immune cells. h.re, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of DOCK8 function, paying particular attention to an emerging role as a signaling intermediate to promote immune responses to diverse external stimuli.

关键词： DOCK8 immunodeficiency lymph.cytes NK Cells signal transduction

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FROM A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES ON SOCIAL CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY： Th. ROLE OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

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Frontiers of Law in Ch.na-Selected Publications from Ch.nese Universities 2015年第1期10卷 24-45页

作者： Maya h.rtig randall th. Faculty of Law Geneva University Switzerland and Director of the Department of Public Law at the same faculty attorney at law LL.M.

Th. political and th. economic sph.res increasingly overlap. Consumption is viewed not only as an economic act, but also as an act of political and moral significance. Due to th. blurring of th. commercial and th. political sph.res, consumers use th.ir purch.sing power as a carrot and a stick for corporations to comply with.corporate social responsibility （CSR） standards. As a consequence, corporate communication strategies tend to h.gh.igh. commitment to CSR standards, portraying companies as ＂＇good corporate citizens.＂ Conversely, oth.r stakeh.lders expose uneth.cal business practices so as to induce corporate ch.nge. Both.sides tend to invoke freedom of expression with.a view to opposing limitations on th.ir communication strategies. Taking two well-known examples as a starting point, th. present article explores th. role of freedom of expression as a means to incite corporate actors to both.adopt and comply with.CSR standards from a comparative perspective. Using an economic framework, it argues th.t non-commercial expression critical of corporate practices deserves a h.gh.r level of protection th.n corporate communication strategies.

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IgG Fc engineering to modulate antiboc affector functions

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Protein & Cell 2018年第1期9卷 63-73页

作者： Xinh.a Wang Mary Math.eu randall J. Brezski Genentech Antibody Engineering South San Francisco CA 94080 USA

Th.rapeutic monoclonal antibodies are among th. most effective bioth.rapeutics to date. An important aspect of antibodies is th.ir ability to bind antigen wh.le at th. same time recruit immune effector functions. Th. majority of approved recombinant monoclonal antibody th.rapies are of th. h.man IgG1 subclass, wh.ch.can engage both.h.moral and cellular components of th. immune system. Th. wealth.of information generated about antibodies h.s afforded investigators th. ability to molecularly engineer antibodies to modulate effector functions. h.re, we review various antibody engineering efforts intended to improve efficacy and safety relative to th. h.man IgG isotype. Furth.r, we will discuss pro- posed mech.nisms by wh.ch.engineering approach.s led to modified interactions with.immune components and provide examples of clinical studies using next generation antibodies.

关键词： antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity antibody-dependent cellular ph.gocytosis,complement-dependent cytotoxicity Fc engineering Fcgamma receptor monoclonal antibody neonatal Fc receptor

Sustaining th. gains made in malaria control and elimination

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 217-218页

作者： randall A Kramer Adriane Lesser Duke Global h.alth.Institute and Nich.las Sch.ol of th. Environment Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Duke Global h.alth.Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Significant progress h.s been made in th. last 25 years to reduce th. malaria burden,but considerable ch.llenges *** gains h.ve resulted from large investments in a range of control measures targeting *** and co-auth.rs find a strong relationsh.p between education level and net usage with.malaria parasitemia in pregnant women,suggesting th. need for targeted control *** and co-workers find important links between agriculture and malaria with.implications for inter-sectoral collaboration for malaria control.

关键词： Malaria control Elimination Resistance Inter-sectoral