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Description of a New Species of Amolops Cope, 1865(Amphibia: Ranidae) from Nepal and Nomenclatural Validation of Amolops nepalicus Yang, 1991

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Asian Herpetological Research 2020年第2期11卷 71-94页

作者： janak raj khatiwada Guocheng SHU Bin WANG Tian ZHAO Feng XIE Jianping JIANG CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

A new species,Amolops mahabharatensis ***.,is described from Mahabharat range(middle mountain)of *** new species is a member of the *** group and is distinguished from its congeners using morphological and molecular *** new species is diagnosed by having numerous warts on dorsum and flanks,dorsal body greyish olivebrown/light brown,presence of vomerine teeth series,presence of a pair of subgular vocal sacs in males and tadpole withⅢ:5+5/1+1:Ⅱ–labial tooth *** addition,evidenced by the phylogenetic and morphological analyses in this study,Amolops nepalicus is shown to be a valid species.A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 16 S ribosomal gene for six members of the *** group suggested that the new species is sister to a clade containing *** and *** uncorrected genetic divergences between the new species and its closest congeners ***,*** and *** based on 16 S rRNA gene were 10.5%,11.6%,and 8.6%*** new species showed wide distribution in the Mahabharat range of Nepal.

关键词： A.marmoratus group mahabharat range molecular phylogeny taxonomy

A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton(Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from Eastern Himalaya

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Asian Herpetological Research 2015年第4期6卷 245-256页

作者： janak raj khatiwada Bin WANG Subarna GHIMIRE Karthikeyan VASUDEVAN Shanta PAUDEL Jianping JIANG Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Tribhuvan University Central Department of Zoology CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species Himalayan Research and Conservation Nepal

A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described from eastern Himalaya based on molecular and morphological comparisons. The new species is diagnosable from the closely-related species by having light brown colouration in dorsal region in life, flat and blunt snout, greatly separated dorsolateral bony ridges on head and straightthick tailfin. In addition to head morphology, the new species is also morphologically distinguishable from its closelyrelated species Tylototriton shanorum by having 16 dorsal warts and average smaller Snout Vent Length（SVL）.

关键词： Tylototriton himalayanus sp. nov. eastern Himalaya morphology molecular phylogeny taxonomy

A Complete Embryonic Developmental Table of Microhyla fissipes(Amphibia,Anura,Microhylidae)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2017年第2期18卷 108-117页

作者： Shouhong WANG Lanying ZHAO Lusha LIU Dengwei YANG janak raj khatiwada Bin WANG Jianping JIANG Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Access to embryonic developmental stages is essential basic work for understanding how organisms develop. In this study, seven egg clutches（range 209–564 eggs） of ornamented pygmy frog Microhyla fissipes（Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae） were obtained from seven breeding pairs in laboratory. One egg clutch of them was observed for the embryonic development, and the staging table of normal development was constructed based on morphological and physiological characteristics. Forty-five developmental stages were defined for M. fissipes, and two major developmental periods were designated： 1） early embryonic development period（stages 1–28）, from fertilization to operculum completion stage, lasted for 82.6 hours at water temperature（WT） 23–25℃; 2） larval development period（stages 29–45）, from operculum completion to tail complete absorption stage, took 38 days at WT 22–26.5℃, showing that the embryos of this species develop rapidly. In addition, the tadpoles were transparent, which is similar to those in field. These characteristics suggest that M. fissipes would be a good model to study developmental biology, adaptive mechanisms from aquatic to terrestrial phases, environmental toxicology, and human disease.

关键词： Microhylidae embryonic stage external characters morphogenesis

A New Species of Megophryid Frog of the Genus Scutiger from Kangchenjunga Conservation Area, Eastern Nepal

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Asian Herpetological Research 2019年第3期10卷 139-157页

作者： janak raj khatiwada Guocheng SHU Tulsi Ram SUBEDI Bin WANG AnnemarieOHLER David CCANATELLA Feng XIE Jianping JIANG Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies(CEMACS) Universiti Sains MalaysiaPulau Pinang11800Malaysia Institut de Systématique évolutionBiodiversitéMuséum national d’Histoire naturelleCNRS MNHN UPMC EPHESorbonne UniversitésCP307500525rue CuvierParis75005France Department of Integrative Biology University of TexasAustinUSA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

This study investigated the systematics of the megophryid genus Scutiger from eastern and western Nepal using molecular and morphological data. Our results support two divergent lineages, one of which has nuptial spines on the dorsal surface of the first three fingers while the other has spines only on the dorsal surface of the first two fingers. The Ghunsa lineage from eastern Nepal shows significant morphological and molecular differences to other species of genus Scutiger and is here described as a new species. Based on the molecular analysis, the Muktinath lineage from western Nepal is confirmed to be Scutiger boulengeri and represents a species complex widespread throughout the Himalayan region. The newly described taxon is endemic to the eastern Himalayas and currently known only from the Ghunsa valley, Taplejung district, Nepal.

关键词： Scutiger New species Eastern Himalaya Nepal

Characterization of glucose isomerase-producing bacteria and optimization of fermentation conditions for producing glucose isomerase using biomass

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Green Chemical Engineering 2023年第2期4卷 239-249页

作者： Aristide Laurel Mokale Kognou Chonlong Chio janak raj khatiwada Sarita Shrestha Xuantong Chen Hongwei Li Yuen Zhu Zi-Hua Jiang Chunbao(Charles)Xu Wensheng Qin Department of Biology Lakehead UniversityThunder BayONP7B 5E1Canada Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Western UniversityLondonONN6A 5B9Canada School of Environment and Resources Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan030006China Department of Chemistry Lakehead UniversityThunder BayONP7B 5E1Canada

Glucose isomerase(GI)is an enzyme with high potential *** of GI producing bacteria with interesting properties from an industrial point of view is *** sp.,Paenarthrobacter sp.,Chryseobacterium sp.,Hymenobacter sp.,Mycobacterium sp.,and Stenotrophomonas *** isolated from soil *** of enzyme production yield was investigated in various fermentation conditions using response surface *** isolates exhibited maximum GI activity at 40℃,pH 6–8 after 4 days of incubation.A mixture of peptone/yeast extract or tryptone/peptone enhanced higher enzyme *** same trend was observed in fermentation medium containing 1%xylose or 2%–2.5%wheat *** study advanced the knowledge of these bacterial isolates in promoting wheat straw as feedstock for the bio-based industry.

关键词： Cellulolytic bacteria Glucose/xylose isomerase 16S rRNA Biomass conversion

Amphibian Diversity in the Himalaya:Species and Community Response to Altitude

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Amphibian Diversity in the Himalaya:Species and Community Re...

Natural Products and Antiviral Resistance

四川省动物学会第十届会员代表大会暨第十一次学术研讨会

作者： janak raj khatiwada Jianping JIANG Department of Herpetology Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Himalaya played a significant role in shaping the distribution pattern of *** sharp increase of elevation in short geographical distance further added the *** gradient is regarded as major drivers that regulate the distribution pattern of species richness and *** may result that species generally followed three well accepted distribution patterns;monotonic decline,mid-elevation peak and increasing trend with ***,species richness pattern along elevation of vertebrate faunal;especially,amphibian is greatly lacking in the eastern Nepal *** area is regarded as a biological ***,it has been heavily fragmented due to high human population *** evaluated the distribution pattern of amphibian in theeastern Himalayan elevation gradient,*** factors governing the distribution have also been *** applied combination of linear and generalized linear regression model,ordination technique and cluster analysis to determine the effects of elevation on species richness and *** surveyed amphibians along the elevation gradient(90–4000 m) of the Arun and Tamor River Basin,during rainy seasons in 2014 and 2015 using time constrained visual encounter survey.A total of 32 species of amphibian were recorded during the *** study did not support the prediction of mid-domin *** richness and abundance of amphibians showed declining trend with increasing *** humidity,Soil p H and Water temperature model predicted the combined effect on species *** variables;Number of trees,Tree Height,Leaf litter cover,Rock height and Water Velocity showed cumulative effect on species richness *** on the interpolation data,Nepalese amphibian composition can be divided broadly in to high and low *** is the first ever study in amphibian assemblages in Nepal Himalaya quantifying the effect of environmental variables in the species richness a

关键词： amphibian species richness community composition elevation

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第7期14卷 366-388页

作者： Erute Magdalene Adongbede janak raj khatiwada Rishipal Rastrapal Bansode Leonard Lamont Williams Department of Botany University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies North Carolina A & T State University Kannapolis North Carolina USA

Viral diseases are minacious with the potential for causing pandemics and treatment is complicated because of their inherent ability to mutate and become resistant to drugs. Antiviral drug resistance is a persistent problem that needs continuous attention by scientists, medical professionals, and government agencies. To solve the problem, an in-depth understanding of the intricate interplay between causes of antiviral drug resistance and potential new drugs specifically natural products is imperative in the interest and safety of public health. This review delves into natural product as reservoir for antiviral agents with the peculiar potentials for addressing the complexities associated with multi-drug resistant and emerging viral strains. An evaluation of the mechanisms underlying antiviral drug activity, antiviral drug resistance is addressed, with emphasis on production of broad-spectrum antiviral agents from natural sources. There is a need for continued natural product-based research, identification of new species and novel compounds.

关键词： Drug Resistance Resistance Mechanisms Phytochemicals Broad-Spectrum Drugs Antiviral Agents

Ecological adaptati ons in fl ue nee the susceptibility of plants in the genus Zantedeschia to soft rot Pectobacterium spp.

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 124-135页

作者： Yelena Guttman janak raj Joshi Nofar Chriker Nirmal Khadka Maya Kleiman Noam Reznik Zunzheng Wei Zohar Kerem Iris Yedidia The Robert H.Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael Institute of Plant Sciences Agricultural Research OrganizationVolcani CenterRishon LezionIsr ael Department of Horticulture and Lan dscape Architecture Colorado State UniversityFort Colli nsCOUSA

Soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium *** responsible for severe agricultural losses in potato,vegetables,and *** genus Zantedeschia includes two botanical groups of tuberous ornamental flowers that are highly susceptible to the *** studies revealed that ***,a member of the section Zantedeschia,is signi ficantly more resistant to Pectobacterium *** members of the same genus that belong to the section *** early infection,we found different patterns of bacterial colonization on leaves of hosts belonging to the different *** patterns of bacterial colonization were observed on polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)arti fi cial inert replicas of leaf *** replicas con fi rmed the physical effect of leaf texture,in addition to a biochemical plant-bacterium *** differential patterns may be associated with the greater roughness of the abaxial leaf surfaces of Aestivae group that have evolutionarily adapted to mountainous environments,as compared to Zantedeschia group species that have adapted to warm,marshy *** leafsections also revealed compact aerenchyma and reduced the total volume of leaf tissue air spaces in Aestivae ***,an analysis ofdefense marker genes revealed differential expression patterns in response to infection,with signi ficantly higher levels of lipoxygenase 2(lox 2)and phenylalanine ammonia lyase(pal)observed in the more resistant ***,suggesting greater activation of induced systemic resistance(ISR)mechanisms in this *** use of Zantedeschia as a model plant sheds light on how natural ecological adaptations may underlay resistance to bacterial soft rot in cultivated agricultural environments.

关键词： spp. adapted susceptibility

Treatment Effect of Various Concentration of Plant Extracts on Murine Norovirus

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第4期12卷 242-253页

作者： Uchenna Iloghalu Sara Miller Akamu Ewunkem janak khatiwada Leonard Williams Department of Biology North Carolina A & T State University Greensboro NC USA Department of Pathology Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Biological Science Winston-Salem State University Winston Salem NC USA Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies Kannapolis North Carolina A & T State University Greensboro NC USA

Noroviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus that measures approximately 27 - 35 nm in diameter. It affects humans of all ages and races causing most cases of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Infection results from ingestion of contaminated food or water as well as causing diarrhea and vomiting in humans. Extracts from plants are known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and adhesive properties which are associated with barrier functions. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether plaque reduction was due to an effect of methanolic plant extract directly on the virus, whether the extract affects viral replication, and lastly, whether the extract disrupts the cell surface binding with the virus. The plant extracts of interest were the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) and the seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum (ZA). Antiviral activities of these extracts were determined against murine norovirus. The logarithmic viral reduction per plaque-forming unit was (22 log10) PFU/ml (control), (15 log10) PFU/ml (treated HS), and (12 log10) PFU/ml (treated ZA) with a significant reduction (68% and 55% respectively) when compared with the control for the direct effect on the virus. The role of extracts on virus replication showed (25 log10) PFU/ml (control) as against the HS treated-virus-infected cells (9 log10) PFU/ml and ZA treated-virus-infected cells (5 log10) PFU/ml (36% and 20% respectively). Finally, effect of the extract on the viral attachment showed (31 log10) PFU/ml (control), (12 log10) (HS-treated) and (9 log10) PFU/ml (ZA-treated), (39% and 29% respectively. Extract treatment with HS and ZA has shown evidence of a reduced number of plaques formation with the latter having fewer plaques. Both extracts have proven potential to reduce the viral multiplication process by interfering with the replication process. This study shows that Hibisc

关键词： Norovirus Zanthoxylum Armatum Hibiscus Sabdariffa Plant Extracts Plaque Formation Viral Reduction