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Polymorphisms of MTHFR and susceptibility to oesophageal adenocarcinoma in a Caucasian United Kingdom population

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第34期20卷 12212-12216页

作者： Richard Keld Manyi Thian Chia Hau jamil sajid Narveen Kumar Yeng Ang Department of Gastroenterology Royal Albert Edward InfirmaryWiganLancashire WN1 2NNUnited Kingdom Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences University of ManchesterManchesterSalford M6 8HDUnited Kingdom

AIM:To identify if methylene tetra-hydrofolatereductase(MTHFR)C677T polymorphisms are associated with oesophageal adenocarcnomas in a Caucasian population and to test whether folic acid and homocysteine levels are linked with cancer risk.METHODS:A case control study comprising of 58 non cancer and 48 cancer patients,MTHFR C667T genotyping was made and serum folate,homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels were made.Tumour stage,differentiation and survival was recorded.A P value of less than0.05 was taken to be significant.Theχ2 used to compare discrete variables and the Mantel-Cox was used to compare survival.A P value less than 0.05 was deemed to be significant.RESULTS:MTHFR polymorphisms is associated with an increased risk of several cancers.A link between MTHFR C677T polymorphisms and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma has been demonstrated in at risk Chinese populations.In a Western European population the role of the MTHFR gene has not previously been investigated in the setting of oesophageal adenocarcinoma.No association between folic acid levels and cancer patients was found.The unstable MTHFR 667 TT genotype occurred in 11%cancers and 7%controls,but statistical significance was not reached,homocysteine levels and folic acid levels were not affected,cancer patients with TT genotype displayed a trend for a shorter survival 7 mo vs 20 mo.Serum vitamin B12 levels were higher in the cancer group.The MTHFR 667 TT genotype is much lower than previous population studies.CONCLUSION:We conclude that serum folic acid and MTHFR polymorphisms are not associated with an increased risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma,although cancers with unstable TT genotype may indicate a more aggressive disease course.

关键词： Polymorphisms of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate re

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Role of Canal Lining on Groundwater Fluctuations: A Modeling Simulation Approach for Jaalwala Distributary, Bahawalnagar

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2017年第5期7卷 213-232页

作者： Muhammad Hammad Atique Khan Muhammad Usman Saleem sajid Rashid Ahmad Nasir Ahmad Shahid jamil Sameeni Muhammad Akram Muhammad Farooq Institute of Geology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Collage of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Irrigation Department Government of Pakistan Lahore Pakistan

Jaalwala Distributary was selected to see the consequences of concrete lining on the underlying saline groundwater table. Its middle and tail portions were concrete lined whereas the head portion was still unlined. Visual MODFLOW 2011.1 was used to simulate the effects of concrete lining on saline groundwater in two-dimensional format. Simulation results showed a gradual rise of electrical conductivity (EC) up to 7000 μS/cm and decline in water table depth to nine feet (2.74 m). It observed negligible inflows from the distributary through its western boundary due to formation of a permanent barrier in the way of seepage of any kind. Results have further predicted that freshwater layer available beneath the Jaalwala Distributary (before its lining) will finish ultimately and the below present saline water also move upward to take this vacated place. Hence it was concluded to line the canals of saline water areas from their sides which will not only protect them from erosion but canal water theft as well.

关键词： Water Balance Jaalwala Distributary Saline Water Intrusion Hydrostatic Pressure and Interface

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